Modulation of the human acoustic startle reflex by pleasant and unpleasant odors

Journal of Psychophysiology

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 353-361

  Kaviani, Hossein ^a   Wilson, Glenn D ^a   Checkley, Stuart A ^a   Kumari, Veena ^a   Gray, Jeffrey A ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acoustic startle reflex; Emotional reactivity; Inhibition; Odors; Potentiation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY RESPONSE; AUDITORY STIMULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTION; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; ODOR; RATING SCALE; STARTLE REFLEX;

EID: 0032453899     PISSN: 02698803     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Anthony, B.J. (1985). In the blink of an eye: implications of reflex modulation for information processing. In P.K. Ackles, J.R. Jennings, & M.G.H. Coles (Eds.), Advances in Psychophysiology, 1, (pp. 167-218). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
2. Baker, B. (1994). Olfactory Test Apparatus-User Documentation, Version 2.02. UK: Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University.
3. Balaban, M.T., & Taussig, H.N. (1994). Salience of fear/threat in the affective modulation of the human startle blink. Biological Psychology, 38, 117-131.
4. Bradley, M., Cuthbert, B.N., & Lang, P.J. (1990). Startle reflex modification: Emotion or attention? Psychophysiology, 27, 513-522.
5. Bradley, M.M., Cuthbert, B.N., & Lang, P.J. (1991). Startle and emotion: Lateral acoustic probes and the bilateral blink. Psychophysiology, 28, 285-295.
6. Bradley, M.M., Cuthbert, B.N., & Lang, P.J. (1996). Picture media and emotion: Effects of a sustained affective context. Psychophysiology, 33, 662-670.
7. Carlson, N.R. (1994). Physiology of behaviour. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
8. Corr, P.J., Wilson, G.D., Fotiadou, M., Kumari, V., Gray, N.S., Checkley S., & Gray, J.A. (1995). Personality and affective modulation of the startle reflex. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 543-553.
9. Corr, P.J., Kumari, V., Wilson, G.D., Checkley, S.A., & Gray, J.A. (1997). Harm avoidance and affective modulation of the startle reflex: A replication. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 591-593.
10. Cook, E.W., Hawk, L.W., Davis, T.L., & Stevenson, V.E. (1991). Affective individual differences and startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 10, 5-13.
11. Cuthbert, B.N., Bradley, M.M., & Lang, P.J. (1996). Probing picture perception: Activation and emotion. Psychophysiology, 33, 103-111.
12. Cuthbert, B.N., Patrick, C.J., & Lang, P.J. (1991). Imagery in anxiety disorder patients: Visceral and startle probe responses. Psychophysiology, 28, S18 (Abstract).
13. Davis, M., Falls, W.A., Campeau, S., & Kim, M. (1993). Fear potentiated startle: A neural and pharmacological analysis. Behavioural Brain Research, 58, 175-198.
14. Ehrlichman, H., Brown., S., Zhu, J., & Warrenburg, S. (1995). Startle reflex modulation during exposure to pleasant and unpleasant odors. Psychophysiology, 32, 150-154.
15. Fridlund, A.J., & Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). Guidelines for human electromyographic research. Psychophysiology, 23, 561-589.
16. Gray, J.A. (1991). Neural systems, emotion and personality. In J. Madden (Ed.), Neurobiology learning, emotion and affect. New York: Raven Press.
17. Gray, J.A., & Smith, P.T. (1969). An arousal decision model for partial reinforcement and discrimination learning. In R.M. Gilbert & N.S. Sutherland (Eds.), Animal discrimination learning. London: Academic Press.
18. Grillon, C., Ameli, R., Foot, M., & Davis, M. (1993). Fear potentiated startle: Relationship to the level of state/trait anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 33, 565-574.
19. Grillon, C., Ameli, R., Merikangas, K., Woods, S.W., & Davis, M. (1993). Measuring the time course of anxiety using the fear potentiated startle reflex. Psychophysiology, 30, 340-346.
20. Grillon, C., Ameli, R., Woods, S.W., Merikangas, K., & Davis, M. (1991). Fear potentiated startle in humans: Effects of anticipatory anxiety. Psychophysiology, 28, 588-595.
21. Grillon, C., & Davis, M. (1995). Acoustic startle and anticipatory anxiety: Effects of monaural right and left ear stimulation. Psychophysiology, 32, 155-161.
22. Jansen, D.M., & Frijda, N.H. (1994). Modulation of the acoustic startle response by film-induced fear and sexual arousal. Psychophysiology, 31, 565-571.
23. Koch, M., Schmid, A., & Schnitzler, H. (1996). Pleasure-attentuation of startle is disrupted by lesions of the nucleus accumbens. Neuroreport, 7, 1442-1446.
24. Kumari, V., Corr, P.J., Wilson, G.D., Kaviani, H., Thornton, J.C., Checkley, S.A., & Gray, J.A. (1996a). Personality and modulation of the startle reflex by emotionally-toned film clips. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 1029-1041.
25. Kumari, V., Cotter, P.A., Corr, P.J., Gray, J.A., & Checkley, S.A. (1996b). Effect of clonidine on the human acoustic startle reflex. Psychopharmacology, 123, 353-360.
26. Lang, P.J. (1995). The emotion probe: studies of motivation and attention. American Psychologist, 50, 372-385.
27. Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., & Cuthbert, B.N. (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review, 97, 377-397.
28. Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., Cuthbert, B.N., & Patrick, C.J. (1993). Emotion and Psychopathology: A startle probe analysis. In L. J. Chapman et al. (Eds.), Experimental personality and psychopathology research. New York: Springer-Verlag.
29. Miltner, W., Matjak, M., Braun C., Diekmann, H., & Brody, S. (1994). Emotional qualities of odors and their influence on the startle reflex in humans. Psychophysiology, 31, 107-110.
30. Rolls, E.T., & Baylis, L.L. (1994). Gustatory, olfactory and visual convergence within the primate orbitofrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 14, 5437-5452.
31. Schiffman, H.R. (1976). Sensation and perception: An integrated approach. Toronto: Wiley.
32. van Toller, S., & Dodd, G. H. (1992). Fragrance: The psychology and biology of perfume. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
33. Vrana, S.R. (1994). Startle reflex response during sensory modality specific disgust, anger and neutral imagery. Journal of Psychophysiology. 8, 211-218.
34. Vrana, S.R., & Lang, P.J. (1990). Fear imagery and the startle-probe reflex. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 189-197.
35. Vrana, S.R., Spence, E.L., & Lang, P.J. (1988). Fear imagery and the startle reflex. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 189-197.
36. Witvliet, C.V., & Vrana, S.R. (1995). Psychophysiological responses as indices of affective dimensions. Psychophysiology, 32, 436-443.