The 600-800-mb minimum in tropical cloudiness observed during TOGA COARE

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 55, Issue 12, 1998, Pages 2220-2228

  Zuidema, Paquita ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD COVER; CONVECTIVE CLOUD; TOGA-COARE;

EID: 0032448744     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2220:TMMITC>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Betts, A. K., C. S. Bretherton, and E. Klinker, 1995: Relation between mean boundary-layer structure and cloudiness at the R/V Valdivia during ASTEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2752-2762.
2. Bretherton, C. S., and P K. Smolarkiewicz, 1989: Gravity waves, compensating subsidence and delrainment around cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 740-759.
3. Chen, S. S., R. A. Houze Jr., and B. E. Mapes, 1996: Multiscale variability of deep convection in relation to large-scale circulation in TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1380-1409.
4. Ferrier, B. S., and R. A. Houze Jr., 1989: One-dimensional time-dependent modeling of GATE cumulonimbus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 330-351.
5. Flatau, P. J., R. L. Walko. and W. R. Cotton, 1992: Polynomial fits to saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 1507-1513.
6. Garand, L., C. Grassotti, J. Halle, and G. Klein, 1992: On differences in radiosonde humidity - Reporting practices and their implications for numerical weather prediction and remote sensing. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1417-1423.
7. Gutzler, D. S., G. N. Kiladis, G. A. Meehl, K. M. Weickmann, and M. Wheeler, 1994: The global climate of December 1992-February 1993. Part II: Large-scale variability across the tropical western pacific during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 7, 1606-1622.
8. Hahn, C. J., S. G. Warren, J. London, R. M. Chervin, and R. Jenne, 1982: Atlas of simultaneous occurrence of different cloud types over the ocean. NCAR Tech. Note TN-201+STR, 212 pp. [Available from National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder. CO 80307-3000.]
9. _, _, and _, 1994: Edited synoptic cloud reports from ships and land stations over the globe, 1982-1991. NDP026B, 47 pp. [Available from Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335.]
10. Johnson, R. H., and J. A. Dickey, 1996: Effects of convection on the atmospheric boundary layer as revealed by TOGA COARE Sounding Data. Preprints, Eighth Conf, on Air-Sea Interaction, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., J29-J32.
11. _, and X. Lin, 1997: Episodic trade wind regimes over the western Pacific warm pool. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2020-2034.
12. _, P. E. Ciesielski, and K. A. Hart, 1996: Tropical inversions near the 0°C level. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1838-1855.
13. Lilly, D. K., 1988: Cirrus outflow dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1594-1605.
14. Mapes, B., 1997: Mutual adjustment of mass flux and stratification profiles. The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Convection, R. K. Smith, D. J. Raymond, and M. Miller, Eds., Kluwer Academic, 399-412.
15. _, and P. Zuidema, 1996: Radiative-dynamical consequences of dry tongues in the tropical troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 620-638.
16. Miller, E., 1993: TOGA COARE integrated sounding system data report - Volume I, surface and sounding data. NCAR SSSF Rep., 41 pp. [Available from National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder. CO 80307-3000.]
17. Nash, J., J. B. Elms, and T. J. Oakley, 1995: Relative humidity sensor performance observed in recent international radiosonde comparisons. Preprints, Ninth Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Charlotte, NC, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 43-48.
18. Parsons, D., and Coauthors, 1994: The integrated sounding system: Description and preliminary observations from TOGA COARE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 553-568.
19. Paukkunen, A., 1995: Sensor heating to enhance reliability of radiosonde humidity measurement. Preprints, Ninth Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Charlotte, NC, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65-69.
20. Ramaswamy, V., and V. Ramanathan, 1989: Solar absorption by cirrus clouds and the maintenance of the tropical upper troposphere thermal structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2293-2310.
21. Randall, D. A., Harshvardhan, D. A. Dazlich, and T. G. Corsetti, 1989: Interactions among radiation, convection, and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1944-1970.
22. Raymond, D. J., and M. H. Wilkening, 1982: Flow and mixing in New Mexico mountain cumuli. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2211-2228.
23. _, and A. M. Blyth, 1992: Extension of the stochastic mixing model to cumulonimbus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1968-1983.
24. Rickenbach, T. M., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: Convection in TOGA COARE: Horizontal scale, morphology, and rainfall production. J. Atmos. Sci., in press.
25. Rossow, W. B., and L. C. Garder, 1993: Validation of ISCCP cloud detections. J. Climate, 6, 2370-2393.
26. Sherwood, S. C., V. Ramanathan, T. P. Barnett, M. K. Tyree, and E. Roeckner, 1994: Response of an atmospheric general circulation model to radiative forcing of tropical clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20 829-20 845.
27. Sheu, R.-S., J. A. Curry, and G. Liu, 1997: Vertical stratification of tropical cloud properties as determined from satellite. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 4231-4245.
28. Starr, D. O'C., and S. K. Cox, 1985: Cirrus clouds. Part II: Numerical experiments on the formation and maintenance of cirrus. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2682-2694.
29. Taylor, G. R., and M. B. Baker, 1991: Entrainment and detrainment in cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 112-121.
30. Wang, J., and W. B. Rossow, 1995: Determination of cloud vertical structure from upper air observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2243-2258.
31. Warren, S. G., C. J. Hahn, J. London, R. M. Chervin, and R. L. Jenne, 1988: Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean. NCAR/TN-317 + STR, 42 pp. + 170 maps. [Available from National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
32. Webster, P. J., and R. Lukas, 1992: TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. Bull. Amer Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377-1416.
33. White, A. B., and C. W. Fairall, 1996: Shipboard measurements of convection during COARE. Preprints, Eighth Conf. on Air-Sea Interaction, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., J16-J19.
34. _, _, and J. B. Snider, 1995: Surface-based remote sensing of marine boundary-layer cloud properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2827-2838.
35. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1995: Impact of interactive radiative transfer on the macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles. Part I: Radiation parameterization and sensitivity tests. J. Atmos Sci., 52, 785-799.