City and region: The missing dimension in U.S. urban history

Journal of Urban History

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 3-21

  Mohl, Raymond A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; THEORETICAL STUDY; URBAN HISTORY;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0032442740     PISSN: 00961442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009614429802500101     Document Type: Article

References (207)

1. Charles Tilly, "What Good Is Urban History?" Journal of Urban History 22 (September, 1996), 702-19, quotations on pp. 710, 715. See also Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Charles Tilly: Urban History and Urban Sociology," Journal of Urban History 24 (January, 1998), 184-225.
2. Charles Tilly, "What Good Is Urban History?" Journal of Urban History 22 (September, 1996), 702-19, quotations on pp. 710, 715. See also Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Charles Tilly: Urban History and Urban Sociology," Journal of Urban History 24 (January, 1998), 184-225.
3. A Case for the Case Study, ed. Joe R. Feagin et al. (Chapel Hill, 1991), 13.
4. Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Oscar Handlin," Journal of Urban History 3 (November, 1976), 119-30, quotation on p. 128.
5. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
6. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
7. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
8. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
9. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
10. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
11. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
12. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
13. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
14. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
15. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
16. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
17. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
18. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
19. Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1979); Richard C. Wade, The Urban Frontier: The Rise of Western Cities, 1790-1830 (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York, 1978); Stuart M. Blumin, The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American City, 1760-1900 (Cambridge, UK, 1989); Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985); Jon C. Teaford, City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America (Baltimore, 1979); Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago's North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago, 1988); John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820-1939 (New Haven, 1988); William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore, 1989); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); The Metropolitan Frontier: Cities in the Modern American West (Tucson, 1993); The Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America, ed. Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy (Philadelphia, 1988); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, 1996); Mary Ryan, The Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City During the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1997).
20. Robert E. Park, "The City: Suggestions for the Investigation of Human Behavior in the City Environment," American Journal of Sociology 20 (March, 1915), 577-612; The City, ed. Robert E. Park, Ernest W. Burgess, and Roderick D. McKenzie (Chicago, 1925);
21. Robert E. Park, "The City: Suggestions for the Investigation of Human Behavior in the City Environment," American Journal of Sociology 20 (March, 1915), 577-612; The City, ed. Robert E. Park, Ernest W. Burgess, and Roderick D. McKenzie (Chicago, 1925);
22. Roderick D. McKenzie, The Metropolitan Community (New York, 1933). On the Chicago school of sociology, see Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932 (Chicago, 1970); Fred H. Matthews, Quest for an American Sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School (Montreal, 1977); and Maurice R. Stein's essay "Robert Park and Urbanization in Chicago" in Stein, The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies (Princeton, 1960), 13-46. For the Chicago school's continued influence on urban studies into the 1950s and after, see Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, 1950); Amos H. Hawley, Urban Society: An Ecological Approach (New York, 1971); Leo F. Schnore, The Urban Scene: Human Ecology and Demography (New York, 1965); Jim Thomas, "The Chicago School: The Tradition and the Legacy," Urban Life 11 (January, 1983).
23. Roderick D. McKenzie, The Metropolitan Community (New York, 1933). On the Chicago school of sociology, see Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932 (Chicago, 1970); Fred H. Matthews, Quest for an American Sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School (Montreal, 1977); and Maurice R. Stein's essay "Robert Park and Urbanization in Chicago" in Stein, The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies (Princeton, 1960), 13-46. For the Chicago school's continued influence on urban studies into the 1950s and after, see Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, 1950); Amos H. Hawley, Urban Society: An Ecological Approach (New York, 1971); Leo F. Schnore, The Urban Scene: Human Ecology and Demography (New York, 1965); Jim Thomas, "The Chicago School: The Tradition and the Legacy," Urban Life 11 (January, 1983).
24. Roderick D. McKenzie, The Metropolitan Community (New York, 1933). On the Chicago school of sociology, see Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932 (Chicago, 1970); Fred H. Matthews, Quest for an American Sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School (Montreal, 1977); and Maurice R. Stein's essay "Robert Park and Urbanization in Chicago" in Stein, The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies (Princeton, 1960), 13-46. For the Chicago school's continued influence on urban studies into the 1950s and after, see Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, 1950); Amos H. Hawley, Urban Society: An Ecological Approach (New York, 1971); Leo F. Schnore, The Urban Scene: Human Ecology and Demography (New York, 1965); Jim Thomas, "The Chicago School: The Tradition and the Legacy," Urban Life 11 (January, 1983).
25. Roderick D. McKenzie, The Metropolitan Community (New York, 1933). On the Chicago school of sociology, see Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932 (Chicago, 1970); Fred H. Matthews, Quest for an American Sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School (Montreal, 1977); and Maurice R. Stein's essay "Robert Park and Urbanization in Chicago" in Stein, The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies (Princeton, 1960), 13-46. For the Chicago school's continued influence on urban studies into the 1950s and after, see Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, 1950); Amos H. Hawley, Urban Society: An Ecological Approach (New York, 1971); Leo F. Schnore, The Urban Scene: Human Ecology and Demography (New York, 1965); Jim Thomas, "The Chicago School: The Tradition and the Legacy," Urban Life 11 (January, 1983).
26. Roderick D. McKenzie, The Metropolitan Community (New York, 1933). On the Chicago school of sociology, see Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932 (Chicago, 1970); Fred H. Matthews, Quest for an American Sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School (Montreal, 1977); and Maurice R. Stein's essay "Robert Park and Urbanization in Chicago" in Stein, The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies (Princeton, 1960), 13-46. For the Chicago school's continued influence on urban studies into the 1950s and after, see Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, 1950); Amos H. Hawley, Urban Society: An Ecological Approach (New York, 1971); Leo F. Schnore, The Urban Scene: Human Ecology and Demography (New York, 1965); Jim Thomas, "The Chicago School: The Tradition and the Legacy," Urban Life 11 (January, 1983).
27. Roderick D. McKenzie, The Metropolitan Community (New York, 1933). On the Chicago school of sociology, see Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932 (Chicago, 1970); Fred H. Matthews, Quest for an American Sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School (Montreal, 1977); and Maurice R. Stein's essay "Robert Park and Urbanization in Chicago" in Stein, The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies (Princeton, 1960), 13-46. For the Chicago school's continued influence on urban studies into the 1950s and after, see Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, 1950); Amos H. Hawley, Urban Society: An Ecological Approach (New York, 1971); Leo F. Schnore, The Urban Scene: Human Ecology and Demography (New York, 1965); Jim Thomas, "The Chicago School: The Tradition and the Legacy," Urban Life 11 (January, 1983).
28. Roderick D. McKenzie, The Metropolitan Community (New York, 1933). On the Chicago school of sociology, see Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932 (Chicago, 1970); Fred H. Matthews, Quest for an American Sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School (Montreal, 1977); and Maurice R. Stein's essay "Robert Park and Urbanization in Chicago" in Stein, The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies (Princeton, 1960), 13-46. For the Chicago school's continued influence on urban studies into the 1950s and after, see Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, 1950); Amos H. Hawley, Urban Society: An Ecological Approach (New York, 1971); Leo F. Schnore, The Urban Scene: Human Ecology and Demography (New York, 1965); Jim Thomas, "The Chicago School: The Tradition and the Legacy," Urban Life 11 (January, 1983).
29. Roderick D. McKenzie, The Metropolitan Community (New York, 1933). On the Chicago school of sociology, see Robert E. L. Faris, Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932 (Chicago, 1970); Fred H. Matthews, Quest for an American Sociology: Robert E. Park and the Chicago School (Montreal, 1977); and Maurice R. Stein's essay "Robert Park and Urbanization in Chicago" in Stein, The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies (Princeton, 1960), 13-46. For the Chicago school's continued influence on urban studies into the 1950s and after, see Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, 1950); Amos H. Hawley, Urban Society: An Ecological Approach (New York, 1971); Leo F. Schnore, The Urban Scene: Human Ecology and Demography (New York, 1965); Jim Thomas, "The Chicago School: The Tradition and the Legacy," Urban Life 11 (January, 1983).
30. Robert S. Lynd and Helen M. Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (New York, 1929); Middletown in Transition: A Study in Cultural Conflicts (New York, 1937); Maurice R. Stein's essay "The Lynds and Industrialization in Middletown" in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 47-69; Richard Jensen, "The Lynds Revisited," Indiana Magazine of History 75 (December, 1979), 303-19; Dwight W. Hoover, Middletown Revisited (Muncie, 1990).
31. Robert S. Lynd and Helen M. Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (New York, 1929); Middletown in Transition: A Study in Cultural Conflicts (New York, 1937); Maurice R. Stein's essay "The Lynds and Industrialization in Middletown" in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 47-69; Richard Jensen, "The Lynds Revisited," Indiana Magazine of History 75 (December, 1979), 303-19; Dwight W. Hoover, Middletown Revisited (Muncie, 1990).
32. Robert S. Lynd and Helen M. Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (New York, 1929); Middletown in Transition: A Study in Cultural Conflicts (New York, 1937); Maurice R. Stein's essay "The Lynds and Industrialization in Middletown" in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 47-69; Richard Jensen, "The Lynds Revisited," Indiana Magazine of History 75 (December, 1979), 303-19; Dwight W. Hoover, Middletown Revisited (Muncie, 1990).
33. Robert S. Lynd and Helen M. Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (New York, 1929); Middletown in Transition: A Study in Cultural Conflicts (New York, 1937); Maurice R. Stein's essay "The Lynds and Industrialization in Middletown" in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 47-69; Richard Jensen, "The Lynds Revisited," Indiana Magazine of History 75 (December, 1979), 303-19; Dwight W. Hoover, Middletown Revisited (Muncie, 1990).
34. Robert S. Lynd and Helen M. Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (New York, 1929); Middletown in Transition: A Study in Cultural Conflicts (New York, 1937); Maurice R. Stein's essay "The Lynds and Industrialization in Middletown" in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 47-69; Richard Jensen, "The Lynds Revisited," Indiana Magazine of History 75 (December, 1979), 303-19; Dwight W. Hoover, Middletown Revisited (Muncie, 1990).
35. W. Lloyd Warner and Paul S. Lunt, The Social Life of a Modern Community (New Haven, 1941); W. Lloyd Warner and Leo Srole, The Social Systems of American Ethnic Groups (New Haven, 1945); W. Lloyd Warner, The Social System of the Modern Factory (New Haven, 1947); W. Lloyd Warner et al., Yankee City (New Haven, 1963); and Maurice R. Stein, "Lloyd Warner and Bureaucratization in Yankee City," in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 70-93.
36. W. Lloyd Warner and Paul S. Lunt, The Social Life of a Modern Community (New Haven, 1941); W. Lloyd Warner and Leo Srole, The Social Systems of American Ethnic Groups (New Haven, 1945); W. Lloyd Warner, The Social System of the Modern Factory (New Haven, 1947); W. Lloyd Warner et al., Yankee City (New Haven, 1963); and Maurice R. Stein, "Lloyd Warner and Bureaucratization in Yankee City," in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 70-93.
37. W. Lloyd Warner and Paul S. Lunt, The Social Life of a Modern Community (New Haven, 1941); W. Lloyd Warner and Leo Srole, The Social Systems of American Ethnic Groups (New Haven, 1945); W. Lloyd Warner, The Social System of the Modern Factory (New Haven, 1947); W. Lloyd Warner et al., Yankee City (New Haven, 1963); and Maurice R. Stein, "Lloyd Warner and Bureaucratization in Yankee City," in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 70-93.
38. W. Lloyd Warner and Paul S. Lunt, The Social Life of a Modern Community (New Haven, 1941); W. Lloyd Warner and Leo Srole, The Social Systems of American Ethnic Groups (New Haven, 1945); W. Lloyd Warner, The Social System of the Modern Factory (New Haven, 1947); W. Lloyd Warner et al., Yankee City (New Haven, 1963); and Maurice R. Stein, "Lloyd Warner and Bureaucratization in Yankee City," in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 70-93.
39. W. Lloyd Warner and Paul S. Lunt, The Social Life of a Modern Community (New Haven, 1941); W. Lloyd Warner and Leo Srole, The Social Systems of American Ethnic Groups (New Haven, 1945); W. Lloyd Warner, The Social System of the Modern Factory (New Haven, 1947); W. Lloyd Warner et al., Yankee City (New Haven, 1963); and Maurice R. Stein, "Lloyd Warner and Bureaucratization in Yankee City," in Stein, Eclipse of Community, 70-93.
40. John Dollard, Caste and Class in a Southern Town (New Haven, 1937); Allison Davis et al., Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class (Chicago, 1941); James West, Plainville, U.S.A. (New York, 1945); A. B. Hollingshead, Elmtown's Youth: The Impact of Social Classes on Adolescents (New York, 1949); John R. Seeley et al., Crestwood Heights: A Study of the Culture of Suburban Life (New York, 1956); Arthur J. Vidich and Joseph Bensman, Small Town in Mass Society: Class, Power, and Religion in a Rural Community (Princeton, 1958).
41. John Dollard, Caste and Class in a Southern Town (New Haven, 1937); Allison Davis et al., Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class (Chicago, 1941); James West, Plainville, U.S.A. (New York, 1945); A. B. Hollingshead, Elmtown's Youth: The Impact of Social Classes on Adolescents (New York, 1949); John R. Seeley et al., Crestwood Heights: A Study of the Culture of Suburban Life (New York, 1956); Arthur J. Vidich and Joseph Bensman, Small Town in Mass Society: Class, Power, and Religion in a Rural Community (Princeton, 1958).
42. John Dollard, Caste and Class in a Southern Town (New Haven, 1937); Allison Davis et al., Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class (Chicago, 1941); James West, Plainville, U.S.A. (New York, 1945); A. B. Hollingshead, Elmtown's Youth: The Impact of Social Classes on Adolescents (New York, 1949); John R. Seeley et al., Crestwood Heights: A Study of the Culture of Suburban Life (New York, 1956); Arthur J. Vidich and Joseph Bensman, Small Town in Mass Society: Class, Power, and Religion in a Rural Community (Princeton, 1958).
43. John Dollard, Caste and Class in a Southern Town (New Haven, 1937); Allison Davis et al., Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class (Chicago, 1941); James West, Plainville, U.S.A. (New York, 1945); A. B. Hollingshead, Elmtown's Youth: The Impact of Social Classes on Adolescents (New York, 1949); John R. Seeley et al., Crestwood Heights: A Study of the Culture of Suburban Life (New York, 1956); Arthur J. Vidich and Joseph Bensman, Small Town in Mass Society: Class, Power, and Religion in a Rural Community (Princeton, 1958).
44. John Dollard, Caste and Class in a Southern Town (New Haven, 1937); Allison Davis et al., Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class (Chicago, 1941); James West, Plainville, U.S.A. (New York, 1945); A. B. Hollingshead, Elmtown's Youth: The Impact of Social Classes on Adolescents (New York, 1949); John R. Seeley et al., Crestwood Heights: A Study of the Culture of Suburban Life (New York, 1956); Arthur J. Vidich and Joseph Bensman, Small Town in Mass Society: Class, Power, and Religion in a Rural Community (Princeton, 1958).
45. John Dollard, Caste and Class in a Southern Town (New Haven, 1937); Allison Davis et al., Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class (Chicago, 1941); James West, Plainville, U.S.A. (New York, 1945); A. B. Hollingshead, Elmtown's Youth: The Impact of Social Classes on Adolescents (New York, 1949); John R. Seeley et al., Crestwood Heights: A Study of the Culture of Suburban Life (New York, 1956); Arthur J. Vidich and Joseph Bensman, Small Town in Mass Society: Class, Power, and Religion in a Rural Community (Princeton, 1958).
46. Arthur M. Schlesinger, "The City in American History," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 27 (June, 1940), 43-66. See also Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (New York, 1933); and Terrence J. McDonald, "Theory and Practice in the 'New' History: Rereading Arthur Meier Schlesinger's The Rise of the City, 1878-1898," Reviews in American History 20 (September, 1992), 432-45. A few works in the late 1940s and early 1950s did build on some of Schlesinger's interpretive insights, especially on urban trade rivalries and urban imperialism. See, for instance, Wyatt W. Belcher, The Economic Rivalry Between St. Louis and Chicago, 1850-1880 (New York, 1947); James W. Livingood, The Philadelphia-Baltimore Trade Rivalry, 1780-1860 (Harrisburg, 1947); Edward C. Kirkland, Men, Cities, and Transportation: A Study in New England History, 1820-1900, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1948); Catherine E. Reiser, Pittsburgh's Commercial Development, 1800-1850 (Harrisburg, 1951).
47. Arthur M. Schlesinger, "The City in American History," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 27 (June, 1940), 43-66. See also Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (New York, 1933); and Terrence J. McDonald, "Theory and Practice in the 'New' History: Rereading Arthur Meier Schlesinger's The Rise of the City, 1878-1898," Reviews in American History 20 (September, 1992), 432-45. A few works in the late 1940s and early 1950s did build on some of Schlesinger's interpretive insights, especially on urban trade rivalries and urban imperialism. See, for instance, Wyatt W. Belcher, The Economic Rivalry Between St. Louis and Chicago, 1850-1880 (New York, 1947); James W. Livingood, The Philadelphia-Baltimore Trade Rivalry, 1780-1860 (Harrisburg, 1947); Edward C. Kirkland, Men, Cities, and Transportation: A Study in New England History, 1820-1900, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1948); Catherine E. Reiser, Pittsburgh's Commercial Development, 1800-1850 (Harrisburg, 1951).
48. Arthur M. Schlesinger, "The City in American History," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 27 (June, 1940), 43-66. See also Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (New York, 1933); and Terrence J. McDonald, "Theory and Practice in the 'New' History: Rereading Arthur Meier Schlesinger's The Rise of the City, 1878-1898," Reviews in American History 20 (September, 1992), 432-45. A few works in the late 1940s and early 1950s did build on some of Schlesinger's interpretive insights, especially on urban trade rivalries and urban imperialism. See, for instance, Wyatt W. Belcher, The Economic Rivalry Between St. Louis and Chicago, 1850-1880 (New York, 1947); James W. Livingood, The Philadelphia-Baltimore Trade Rivalry, 1780-1860 (Harrisburg, 1947); Edward C. Kirkland, Men, Cities, and Transportation: A Study in New England History, 1820-1900, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1948); Catherine E. Reiser, Pittsburgh's Commercial Development, 1800-1850 (Harrisburg, 1951).
49. Arthur M. Schlesinger, "The City in American History," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 27 (June, 1940), 43-66. See also Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (New York, 1933); and Terrence J. McDonald, "Theory and Practice in the 'New' History: Rereading Arthur Meier Schlesinger's The Rise of the City, 1878-1898," Reviews in American History 20 (September, 1992), 432-45. A few works in the late 1940s and early 1950s did build on some of Schlesinger's interpretive insights, especially on urban trade rivalries and urban imperialism. See, for instance, Wyatt W. Belcher, The Economic Rivalry Between St. Louis and Chicago, 1850-1880 (New York, 1947); James W. Livingood, The Philadelphia-Baltimore Trade Rivalry, 1780-1860 (Harrisburg, 1947); Edward C. Kirkland, Men, Cities, and Transportation: A Study in New England History, 1820-1900, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1948); Catherine E. Reiser, Pittsburgh's Commercial Development, 1800-1850 (Harrisburg, 1951).
50. Arthur M. Schlesinger, "The City in American History," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 27 (June, 1940), 43-66. See also Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (New York, 1933); and Terrence J. McDonald, "Theory and Practice in the 'New' History: Rereading Arthur Meier Schlesinger's The Rise of the City, 1878-1898," Reviews in American History 20 (September, 1992), 432-45. A few works in the late 1940s and early 1950s did build on some of Schlesinger's interpretive insights, especially on urban trade rivalries and urban imperialism. See, for instance, Wyatt W. Belcher, The Economic Rivalry Between St. Louis and Chicago, 1850-1880 (New York, 1947); James W. Livingood, The Philadelphia-Baltimore Trade Rivalry, 1780-1860 (Harrisburg, 1947); Edward C. Kirkland, Men, Cities, and Transportation: A Study in New England History, 1820-1900, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1948); Catherine E. Reiser, Pittsburgh's Commercial Development, 1800-1850 (Harrisburg, 1951).
51. Arthur M. Schlesinger, "The City in American History," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 27 (June, 1940), 43-66. See also Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (New York, 1933); and Terrence J. McDonald, "Theory and Practice in the 'New' History: Rereading Arthur Meier Schlesinger's The Rise of the City, 1878-1898," Reviews in American History 20 (September, 1992), 432-45. A few works in the late 1940s and early 1950s did build on some of Schlesinger's interpretive insights, especially on urban trade rivalries and urban imperialism. See, for instance, Wyatt W. Belcher, The Economic Rivalry Between St. Louis and Chicago, 1850-1880 (New York, 1947); James W. Livingood, The Philadelphia-Baltimore Trade Rivalry, 1780-1860 (Harrisburg, 1947); Edward C. Kirkland, Men, Cities, and Transportation: A Study in New England History, 1820-1900, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1948); Catherine E. Reiser, Pittsburgh's Commercial Development, 1800-1850 (Harrisburg, 1951).
52. Arthur M. Schlesinger, "The City in American History," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 27 (June, 1940), 43-66. See also Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (New York, 1933); and Terrence J. McDonald, "Theory and Practice in the 'New' History: Rereading Arthur Meier Schlesinger's The Rise of the City, 1878-1898," Reviews in American History 20 (September, 1992), 432-45. A few works in the late 1940s and early 1950s did build on some of Schlesinger's interpretive insights, especially on urban trade rivalries and urban imperialism. See, for instance, Wyatt W. Belcher, The Economic Rivalry Between St. Louis and Chicago, 1850-1880 (New York, 1947); James W. Livingood, The Philadelphia-Baltimore Trade Rivalry, 1780-1860 (Harrisburg, 1947); Edward C. Kirkland, Men, Cities, and Transportation: A Study in New England History, 1820-1900, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1948); Catherine E. Reiser, Pittsburgh's Commercial Development, 1800-1850 (Harrisburg, 1951).
53. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
54. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
55. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
56. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
57. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
58. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
59. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
60. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social
61. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
62. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
63. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
64. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
65. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
66. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
67. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
68. Mark Luccarelli, Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning (New York, 1995), 77; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow (London, 1902); Benton MacKaye, The New Exploration: A Philosophy of Regional Planning (New York, 1928). On the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA), see Roy Lubove, Community Planning in the 1920's: The Contribution of the Regional Planning Association of America (Pittsburgh, 1963); Planning the Fourth Migration: The Neglected Vision of the Regional Planning Association of America, ed. Carl Sussman (Cambridge, MA, 1976); Edward K. Spann, Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members (Columbus, 1996). On Mumford, see Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938), especially the chapters on regionalism, 300-401; The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); Donald L. Miller, Lewis Mumford: A Life (New York, 1989); John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford: Regionalist Historian," Reviews in American History 16 (March, 1988), 158-72; and several of the essays in Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual, ed. Thomas P. Hughes and Agatha C. Hughes (New York, 1990), especially John L. Thomas, "Lewis Mumford, Benton MacKaye, and the Regional Vision," 66-99; and Allen Tullos, "The Politics of Regional Development: Lewis Mumford and Howard W. Odum," 110-20. On Geddes, see Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution: An Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (London, 1915); Park Dixon Goist, "Patrick Geddes and the City," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 40 (January, 1974), 31-7; Helen Meller, Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, 1990).
69. For the intellectual links between Mumford and Geddes, see Lewis Mumford and Patrick Geddes: The Correspondence, ed. Frank G. Novak Jr. (London, 1995).
70. Howard W. Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill, 1936); Howard W. Odum and Harry E. Moore, American Regionalism: A Cultural-Historical Approach to National Integration (New York, 1938); The Urban South, ed. Rupert B. Vance and Nicholas J. Demerath (Chapel Hill, 1954); Leonard Reissman, "Urbanization in the South," in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 79-100. See also George B. Tindall's essay, "Howard W. Odum: A Preliminary Estimate," in Tindall, The Ethnic Southerners (Baton Rouge, 1976), 88-115; Daniel Joseph Singal's essay, "Howard W. Odum and Social Science in the South," in Singal, The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South, 1919-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1982), 115-52; and Robert L. Dorman, Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). For Goldfield's analysis of Odum's regionalism, see David R. Goldfield, "The Origins of Southern Regionalism," in Goldfield, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997), 17-36.
71. Howard W. Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill, 1936); Howard W. Odum and Harry E. Moore, American Regionalism: A Cultural-Historical Approach to National Integration (New York, 1938); The Urban South, ed. Rupert B. Vance and Nicholas J. Demerath (Chapel Hill, 1954); Leonard Reissman, "Urbanization in the South," in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 79-100. See also George B. Tindall's essay, "Howard W. Odum: A Preliminary Estimate," in Tindall, The Ethnic Southerners (Baton Rouge, 1976), 88-115; Daniel Joseph Singal's essay, "Howard W. Odum and Social Science in the South," in Singal, The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South, 1919-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1982), 115-52; and Robert L. Dorman, Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). For Goldfield's analysis of Odum's regionalism, see David R. Goldfield, "The Origins of Southern Regionalism," in Goldfield, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997), 17-36.
72. Howard W. Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill, 1936); Howard W. Odum and Harry E. Moore, American Regionalism: A Cultural-Historical Approach to National Integration (New York, 1938); The Urban South, ed. Rupert B. Vance and Nicholas J. Demerath (Chapel Hill, 1954); Leonard Reissman, "Urbanization in the South," in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 79-100. See also George B. Tindall's essay, "Howard W. Odum: A Preliminary Estimate," in Tindall, The Ethnic Southerners (Baton Rouge, 1976), 88-115; Daniel Joseph Singal's essay, "Howard W. Odum and Social Science in the South," in Singal, The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South, 1919-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1982), 115-52; and Robert L. Dorman, Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). For Goldfield's analysis of Odum's regionalism, see David R. Goldfield, "The Origins of Southern Regionalism," in Goldfield, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997), 17-36.
73. Howard W. Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill, 1936); Howard W. Odum and Harry E. Moore, American Regionalism: A Cultural-Historical Approach to National Integration (New York, 1938); The Urban South, ed. Rupert B. Vance and Nicholas J. Demerath (Chapel Hill, 1954); Leonard Reissman, "Urbanization in the South," in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 79-100. See also George B. Tindall's essay, "Howard W. Odum: A Preliminary Estimate," in Tindall, The Ethnic Southerners (Baton Rouge, 1976), 88-115; Daniel Joseph Singal's essay, "Howard W. Odum and Social Science in the South," in Singal, The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South, 1919-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1982), 115-52; and Robert L. Dorman, Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). For Goldfield's analysis of Odum's regionalism, see David R. Goldfield, "The Origins of Southern Regionalism," in Goldfield, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997), 17-36.
74. Howard W. Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill, 1936); Howard W. Odum and Harry E. Moore, American Regionalism: A Cultural-Historical Approach to National Integration (New York, 1938); The Urban South, ed. Rupert B. Vance and Nicholas J. Demerath (Chapel Hill, 1954); Leonard Reissman, "Urbanization in the South," in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 79-100. See also George B. Tindall's essay, "Howard W. Odum: A Preliminary Estimate," in Tindall, The Ethnic Southerners (Baton Rouge, 1976), 88-115; Daniel Joseph Singal's essay, "Howard W. Odum and Social Science in the South," in Singal, The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South, 1919-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1982), 115-52; and Robert L. Dorman, Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). For Goldfield's analysis of Odum's regionalism, see David R. Goldfield, "The Origins of Southern Regionalism," in Goldfield, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997), 17-36.
75. Howard W. Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill, 1936); Howard W. Odum and Harry E. Moore, American Regionalism: A Cultural-Historical Approach to National Integration (New York, 1938); The Urban South, ed. Rupert B. Vance and Nicholas J. Demerath (Chapel Hill, 1954); Leonard Reissman, "Urbanization in the South," in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 79-100. See also George B. Tindall's essay, "Howard W. Odum: A Preliminary Estimate," in Tindall, The Ethnic Southerners (Baton Rouge, 1976), 88-115; Daniel Joseph Singal's essay, "Howard W. Odum and Social Science in the South," in Singal, The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South, 1919-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1982), 115-52; and Robert L. Dorman, Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). For Goldfield's analysis of Odum's regionalism, see David R. Goldfield, "The Origins of Southern Regionalism," in Goldfield, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997), 17-36.
76. Howard W. Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill, 1936); Howard W. Odum and Harry E. Moore, American Regionalism: A Cultural-Historical Approach to National Integration (New York, 1938); The Urban South, ed. Rupert B. Vance and Nicholas J. Demerath (Chapel Hill, 1954); Leonard Reissman, "Urbanization in the South," in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 79-100. See also George B. Tindall's essay, "Howard W. Odum: A Preliminary Estimate," in Tindall, The Ethnic Southerners (Baton Rouge, 1976), 88-115; Daniel Joseph Singal's essay, "Howard W. Odum and Social Science in the South," in Singal, The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South, 1919-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1982), 115-52; and Robert L. Dorman, Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). For Goldfield's analysis of Odum's regionalism, see David R. Goldfield, "The Origins of Southern Regionalism," in Goldfield, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997), 17-36.
77. Howard W. Odum, Southern Regions of the United States (Chapel Hill, 1936); Howard W. Odum and Harry E. Moore, American Regionalism: A Cultural-Historical Approach to National Integration (New York, 1938); The Urban South, ed. Rupert B. Vance and Nicholas J. Demerath (Chapel Hill, 1954); Leonard Reissman, "Urbanization in the South," in The South in Continuity and Change, ed. John C. McKinney and Edgar T. Thompson (Durham, 1965), 79-100. See also George B. Tindall's essay, "Howard W. Odum: A Preliminary Estimate," in Tindall, The Ethnic Southerners (Baton Rouge, 1976), 88-115; Daniel Joseph Singal's essay, "Howard W. Odum and Social Science in the South," in Singal, The War Within: From Victorian to Modernist Thought in the South, 1919-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1982), 115-52; and Robert L. Dorman, Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). For Goldfield's analysis of Odum's regionalism, see David R. Goldfield, "The Origins of Southern Regionalism," in Goldfield, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997), 17-36.
78. See, for example, Robert E. Dickinson, City, Region, and Regionalism: A Geographical Contribution to Human Ecology (London, 1947); Morris E. Garnsey, America's New Frontier: The Mountain West (New York, 1950); Edgar M. Hoover and Raymond Vernon, Anatomy of a Metropolis (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Metropolis and Region, ed. Otis Dudley Duncan et al. (Baltimore, 1960); Jean Gottmann, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States (New York, 1961).
79. See, for example, Robert E. Dickinson, City, Region, and Regionalism: A Geographical Contribution to Human Ecology (London, 1947); Morris E. Garnsey, America's New Frontier: The Mountain West (New York, 1950); Edgar M. Hoover and Raymond Vernon, Anatomy of a Metropolis (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Metropolis and Region, ed. Otis Dudley Duncan et al. (Baltimore, 1960); Jean Gottmann, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States (New York, 1961).
80. See, for example, Robert E. Dickinson, City, Region, and Regionalism: A Geographical Contribution to Human Ecology (London, 1947); Morris E. Garnsey, America's New Frontier: The Mountain West (New York, 1950); Edgar M. Hoover and Raymond Vernon, Anatomy of a Metropolis (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Metropolis and Region, ed. Otis Dudley Duncan et al. (Baltimore, 1960); Jean Gottmann, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States (New York, 1961).
81. See, for example, Robert E. Dickinson, City, Region, and Regionalism: A Geographical Contribution to Human Ecology (London, 1947); Morris E. Garnsey, America's New Frontier: The Mountain West (New York, 1950); Edgar M. Hoover and Raymond Vernon, Anatomy of a Metropolis (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Metropolis and Region, ed. Otis Dudley Duncan et al. (Baltimore, 1960); Jean Gottmann, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States (New York, 1961).
82. See, for example, Robert E. Dickinson, City, Region, and Regionalism: A Geographical Contribution to Human Ecology (London, 1947); Morris E. Garnsey, America's New Frontier: The Mountain West (New York, 1950); Edgar M. Hoover and Raymond Vernon, Anatomy of a Metropolis (Cambridge, MA, 1959); Metropolis and Region, ed. Otis Dudley Duncan et al. (Baltimore, 1960); Jean Gottmann, Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States (New York, 1961).
83. Oscar Handlin, Boston's Immigrants: A Study in Acculturation (Cambridge, MA, 1941). Ecological theory can also be found in Handlin's "The Modern City as a Field of Historical Study," in The Historian and the City, ed. Oscar Handlin and John Burchard (Cambridge, MA, 1963), 1-26; in Handlin, "The Social System," in The Future Metropolis, ed. Lloyd Rodwin (New York, 1961), 17-41; and in Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made the American People (New York, 1951).
84. Oscar Handlin, Boston's Immigrants: A Study in Acculturation (Cambridge, MA, 1941). Ecological theory can also be found in Handlin's "The Modern City as a Field of Historical Study," in The Historian and the City, ed. Oscar Handlin and John Burchard (Cambridge, MA, 1963), 1-26; in Handlin, "The Social System," in The Future Metropolis, ed. Lloyd Rodwin (New York, 1961), 17-41; and in Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made the American People (New York, 1951).
85. Oscar Handlin, Boston's Immigrants: A Study in Acculturation (Cambridge, MA, 1941). Ecological theory can also be found in Handlin's "The Modern City as a Field of Historical Study," in The Historian and the City, ed. Oscar Handlin and John Burchard (Cambridge, MA, 1963), 1-26; in Handlin, "The Social System," in The Future Metropolis, ed. Lloyd Rodwin (New York, 1961), 17-41; and in Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made the American People (New York, 1951).
86. Oscar Handlin, Boston's Immigrants: A Study in Acculturation (Cambridge, MA, 1941). Ecological theory can also be found in Handlin's "The Modern City as a Field of Historical Study," in The Historian and the City, ed. Oscar Handlin and John Burchard (Cambridge, MA, 1963), 1-26; in Handlin, "The Social System," in The Future Metropolis, ed. Lloyd Rodwin (New York, 1961), 17-41; and in Handlin, The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made the American People (New York, 1951).
87. Stephan Thernstrom, Poverty and Progress: Social Mobility in a Nineteenth-Century American City (Cambridge, MA, 1964). See also Steven L. Olsen, "Yankee City and the New Urban History," Journal of Urban History 6 (May, 1980), 321-38.
88. Stephan Thernstrom, Poverty and Progress: Social Mobility in a Nineteenth-Century American City (Cambridge, MA, 1964). See also Steven L. Olsen, "Yankee City and the New Urban History," Journal of Urban History 6 (May, 1980), 321-38.
89. Sam Bass Warner Jr., Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, MA, 1962).
90. Zane L. Miller, Boss Cox's Cincinnati: Urban Politics in the Progressive Era (New York, 1968).
91. Humbert S. Nelli, The Italians in Chicago, 1880-1930: A Study in Ethnic Mobility (New York, 1970); Howard P. Chudacoff, Mobile Americans: Residential and Social Mobility in Omaha, 1880-1920 (New York, 1972); and some of the essays in Nineteenth-Century Cities: Essays in the New Urban History, ed. Stephan Thernstrom and Richard (New Haven, 1969).
92. Humbert S. Nelli, The Italians in Chicago, 1880-1930: A Study in Ethnic Mobility (New York, 1970); Howard P. Chudacoff, Mobile Americans: Residential and Social Mobility in Omaha, 1880-1920 (New York, 1972); and some of the essays in Nineteenth-Century Cities: Essays in the New Urban History, ed. Stephan Thernstrom and Richard (New Haven, 1969).
93. Humbert S. Nelli, The Italians in Chicago, 1880-1930: A Study in Ethnic Mobility (New York, 1970); Howard P. Chudacoff, Mobile Americans: Residential and Social Mobility in Omaha, 1880-1920 (New York, 1972); and some of the essays in Nineteenth-Century Cities: Essays in the New Urban History, ed. Stephan Thernstrom and Richard (New Haven, 1969).
94. Gilbert Osofsky, Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto (New York, 1966); Allan H. Spear, Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto (Chicago, 1967). For a summary of Frazier's sociological contributions, see G. Franklin Edwards, E. Franklin Frazier on Race Relations: Selected Writings (Chicago, 1968).
95. Gilbert Osofsky, Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto (New York, 1966); Allan H. Spear, Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto (Chicago, 1967). For a summary of Frazier's sociological contributions, see G. Franklin Edwards, E. Franklin Frazier on Race Relations: Selected Writings (Chicago, 1968).
96. Gilbert Osofsky, Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto (New York, 1966); Allan H. Spear, Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto (Chicago, 1967). For a summary of Frazier's sociological contributions, see G. Franklin Edwards, E. Franklin Frazier on Race Relations: Selected Writings (Chicago, 1968).
97. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
98. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
99. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
100. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
101. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
102. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
103. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
104. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
105. Eric E. Lampard's articles include: "The History of Cities in the Economically Advanced Areas," Economic Development and Cultural Change 3 (January, 1955), 86-102; "American Historians and the Study of Urbanization," American Historical Review 67 (October, 1961), 49-61; "Urbanization and Social Change: On Broadening the Scope and Relevance of Urban History," in The Historian and the City, 225-47; "Historical Aspects of Urbanization," in The Study of Urbanization, ed. Philip M. Hauser and Leo F. Schnore (New York, 1965), 519-54; "The Evolving System of Cities in the United States," in Issues in Urban Economics, ed. Harvey S. Perloff and Lowdon Wingo Jr. (Baltimore, 1968), 81-139; "Historical Contours of Contemporary Urban Society: A Comparative View," Journal of Contemporary History 4 (July, 1969), 3-25; "The Dimensions of Urban History: A Footnote to the 'Urban Crisis,'" Pacific Historical Review 39 (August, 1970), 261-78; "The Pursuit of Happiness in the City: Changing Opportunities and Options in America," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 175-229; "The Urbanizing World," in The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 vols., ed. H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff (London, 1973), 3-57.
106. Roy Lubove, "The Urbanization Process: An Approach to Historical Research," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 33 (January, 1967), 33-9; Roy Lubove, Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh: Government, Business, and Environmental Change (New York, 1969); Raymond A. Mohl, "Roy Lubove and American Urban History," Pennsylvania History, forthcoming, 1998.
107. Roy Lubove, "The Urbanization Process: An Approach to Historical Research," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 33 (January, 1967), 33-9; Roy Lubove, Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh: Government, Business, and Environmental Change (New York, 1969); Raymond A. Mohl, "Roy Lubove and American Urban History," Pennsylvania History, forthcoming, 1998.
108. Roy Lubove, "The Urbanization Process: An Approach to Historical Research," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 33 (January, 1967), 33-9; Roy Lubove, Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh: Government, Business, and Environmental Change (New York, 1969); Raymond A. Mohl, "Roy Lubove and American Urban History," Pennsylvania History, forthcoming, 1998.
109. J.M.S. Careless's writings on metropolitanism include: "Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History," Canadian Historical Review 35 (1954), 1-21; "Aspects of Metropolitanism in Maritime Canada," in Regionalism in the Canadian Community, 1867-1967, ed. Mason Wade (Toronto, 1969), 117-29; "Urban Development in Canada," Urban History Review 3 (1974), 9-14; "Aspects of Urban Life in the West, 1870-1914," in The Canadian City: Essays in Urban History, ed. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise (Toronto, 1977), 125-41; "Metropolis and Region: The Interplay Between City and Region in Canadian History Before 1914," Urban History Review 8 (February, 1979), 99-118; Frontier and Metropolis: Regions, Cities, and Identities in Canada before 1914 (Toronto, 1989). See also Donald F. Davis, "The 'Metropolitan Thesis' and the Writing of Canadian Urban History," Urban History Review 14 (October, 1985), 95-114.
110. J.M.S. Careless's writings on metropolitanism include: "Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History," Canadian Historical Review 35 (1954), 1-21; "Aspects of Metropolitanism in Maritime Canada," in Regionalism in the Canadian Community, 1867-1967, ed. Mason Wade (Toronto, 1969), 117-29; "Urban Development in Canada," Urban History Review 3 (1974), 9-14; "Aspects of Urban Life in the West, 1870-1914," in The Canadian City: Essays in Urban History, ed. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise (Toronto, 1977), 125-41; "Metropolis and Region: The Interplay Between City and Region in Canadian History Before 1914," Urban History Review 8 (February, 1979), 99-118; Frontier and Metropolis: Regions, Cities, and Identities in Canada before 1914 (Toronto, 1989). See also Donald F. Davis, "The 'Metropolitan Thesis' and the Writing of Canadian Urban History," Urban History Review 14 (October, 1985), 95-114.
111. J.M.S. Careless's writings on metropolitanism include: "Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History," Canadian Historical Review 35 (1954), 1-21; "Aspects of Metropolitanism in Maritime Canada," in Regionalism in the Canadian Community, 1867-1967, ed. Mason Wade (Toronto, 1969), 117-29; "Urban Development in Canada," Urban History Review 3 (1974), 9-14; "Aspects of Urban Life in the West, 1870-1914," in The Canadian City: Essays in Urban History, ed. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise (Toronto, 1977), 125-41; "Metropolis and Region: The Interplay Between City and Region in Canadian History Before 1914," Urban History Review 8 (February, 1979), 99-118; Frontier and Metropolis: Regions, Cities, and Identities in Canada before 1914 (Toronto, 1989). See also Donald F. Davis, "The 'Metropolitan Thesis' and the Writing of Canadian Urban History," Urban History Review 14 (October, 1985), 95-114.
112. J.M.S. Careless's writings on metropolitanism include: "Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History," Canadian Historical Review 35 (1954), 1-21; "Aspects of Metropolitanism in Maritime Canada," in Regionalism in the Canadian Community, 1867-1967, ed. Mason Wade (Toronto, 1969), 117-29; "Urban Development in Canada," Urban History Review 3 (1974), 9-14; "Aspects of Urban Life in the West, 1870-1914," in The Canadian City: Essays in Urban History, ed. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise (Toronto, 1977), 125-41; "Metropolis and Region: The Interplay Between City and Region in Canadian History Before 1914," Urban History Review 8 (February, 1979), 99-118; Frontier and Metropolis: Regions, Cities, and Identities in Canada before 1914 (Toronto, 1989). See also Donald F. Davis, "The 'Metropolitan Thesis' and the Writing of Canadian Urban History," Urban History Review 14 (October, 1985), 95-114.
113. J.M.S. Careless's writings on metropolitanism include: "Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History," Canadian Historical Review 35 (1954), 1-21; "Aspects of Metropolitanism in Maritime Canada," in Regionalism in the Canadian Community, 1867-1967, ed. Mason Wade (Toronto, 1969), 117-29; "Urban Development in Canada," Urban History Review 3 (1974), 9-14; "Aspects of Urban Life in the West, 1870-1914," in The Canadian City: Essays in Urban History, ed. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise (Toronto, 1977), 125-41; "Metropolis and Region: The Interplay Between City and Region in Canadian History Before 1914," Urban History Review 8 (February, 1979), 99-118; Frontier and Metropolis: Regions, Cities, and Identities in Canada before 1914 (Toronto, 1989). See also Donald F. Davis, "The 'Metropolitan Thesis' and the Writing of Canadian Urban History," Urban History Review 14 (October, 1985), 95-114.
114. J.M.S. Careless's writings on metropolitanism include: "Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History," Canadian Historical Review 35 (1954), 1-21; "Aspects of Metropolitanism in Maritime Canada," in Regionalism in the Canadian Community, 1867-1967, ed. Mason Wade (Toronto, 1969), 117-29; "Urban Development in Canada," Urban History Review 3 (1974), 9-14; "Aspects of Urban Life in the West, 1870-1914," in The Canadian City: Essays in Urban History, ed. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise (Toronto, 1977), 125-41; "Metropolis and Region: The Interplay Between City and Region in Canadian History Before 1914," Urban History Review 8 (February, 1979), 99-118; Frontier and Metropolis: Regions, Cities, and Identities in Canada before 1914 (Toronto, 1989). See also Donald F. Davis, "The 'Metropolitan Thesis' and the Writing of Canadian Urban History," Urban History Review 14 (October, 1985), 95-114.
115. J.M.S. Careless's writings on metropolitanism include: "Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History," Canadian Historical Review 35 (1954), 1-21; "Aspects of Metropolitanism in Maritime Canada," in Regionalism in the Canadian Community, 1867-1967, ed. Mason Wade (Toronto, 1969), 117-29; "Urban Development in Canada," Urban History Review 3 (1974), 9-14; "Aspects of Urban Life in the West, 1870-1914," in The Canadian City: Essays in Urban History, ed. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise (Toronto, 1977), 125-41; "Metropolis and Region: The Interplay Between City and Region in Canadian History Before 1914," Urban History Review 8 (February, 1979), 99-118; Frontier and Metropolis: Regions, Cities, and Identities in Canada before 1914 (Toronto, 1989). See also Donald F. Davis, "The 'Metropolitan Thesis' and the Writing of Canadian Urban History," Urban History Review 14 (October, 1985), 95-114.
116. Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Regional Framework for Urban History," Urban History Review 13 (February, 1985), 193-204, quotation on p. 194. See also Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Sense of Time and Place: The Historian's Approach to Canada's Urban Past," in The Canadian City, ed. Stelter and Artibise, 420-41; Gilbert A. Stelter, "Urban History in North America: Canada," Urban History Yearbook (1977), 24-9; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Gilbert A. Stelter: Urban History in Canada," Journal of Urban History 6 (February, 1980), 177-209; Gilbert A. Stelter, "The Political Economy of the City-Building Process: Early Canadian Urban Development," in The Pursuit of Urban History, ed. Derek Fraser and Anthony Sutcliffe (London, 1983), 169-89.
117. Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Regional Framework for Urban History," Urban History Review 13 (February, 1985), 193-204, quotation on p. 194. See also Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Sense of Time and Place: The Historian's Approach to Canada's Urban Past," in The Canadian City, ed. Stelter and Artibise, 420-41; Gilbert A. Stelter, "Urban History in North America: Canada," Urban History Yearbook (1977), 24-9; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Gilbert A. Stelter: Urban History in Canada," Journal of Urban History 6 (February, 1980), 177-209; Gilbert A. Stelter, "The Political Economy of the City-Building Process: Early Canadian Urban Development," in The Pursuit of Urban History, ed. Derek Fraser and Anthony Sutcliffe (London, 1983), 169-89.
118. Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Regional Framework for Urban History," Urban History Review 13 (February, 1985), 193-204, quotation on p. 194. See also Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Sense of Time and Place: The Historian's Approach to Canada's Urban Past," in The Canadian City, ed. Stelter and Artibise, 420-41; Gilbert A. Stelter, "Urban History in North America: Canada," Urban History Yearbook (1977), 24-9; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Gilbert A. Stelter: Urban History in Canada," Journal of Urban History 6 (February, 1980), 177-209; Gilbert A. Stelter, "The Political Economy of the City-Building Process: Early Canadian Urban Development," in The Pursuit of Urban History, ed. Derek Fraser and Anthony Sutcliffe (London, 1983), 169-89.
119. Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Regional Framework for Urban History," Urban History Review 13 (February, 1985), 193-204, quotation on p. 194. See also Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Sense of Time and Place: The Historian's Approach to Canada's Urban Past," in The Canadian City, ed. Stelter and Artibise, 420-41; Gilbert A. Stelter, "Urban History in North America: Canada," Urban History Yearbook (1977), 24-9; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Gilbert A. Stelter: Urban History in Canada," Journal of Urban History 6 (February, 1980), 177-209; Gilbert A. Stelter, "The Political Economy of the City-Building Process: Early Canadian Urban Development," in The Pursuit of Urban History, ed. Derek Fraser and Anthony Sutcliffe (London, 1983), 169-89.
120. Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Regional Framework for Urban History," Urban History Review 13 (February, 1985), 193-204, quotation on p. 194. See also Gilbert A. Stelter, "A Sense of Time and Place: The Historian's Approach to Canada's Urban Past," in The Canadian City, ed. Stelter and Artibise, 420-41; Gilbert A. Stelter, "Urban History in North America: Canada," Urban History Yearbook (1977), 24-9; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Gilbert A. Stelter: Urban History in Canada," Journal of Urban History 6 (February, 1980), 177-209; Gilbert A. Stelter, "The Political Economy of the City-Building Process: Early Canadian Urban Development," in The Pursuit of Urban History, ed. Derek Fraser and Anthony Sutcliffe (London, 1983), 169-89.
121. Noel G. Butlin, Investment in Australian Economic Development, 1861-1900 (Cambridge, 1964).
122. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
123. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
124. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
125. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
126. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
127. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
128. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
129. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
130. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
131. J. B. Hirst, Adelaide and the Country, 1870-1917: Their Social and Political Relationship (Melbourne, 1973). See also Sean Glynn, Urbanization in Australian History, 1788-1900 (Melbourne, 1970); J. W. McCarty and C. B. Schedvin, eds., Australian Capital Cities (Sydney, 1978); Graeme Davison, "Australian Urban History: A Progress Report," Urban History Yearbook (1979), 100-9; C. T. Stannage, "Australian Urban History," in New History: Studying Australia Today, ed. G. Osborne and W. F. Mandle (Sydney, 1982), 164-74; Max Kelly, "Urban History Goes Social: Some Recent Work in Australia," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 68-80; Graeme Davison, ed., "Cities Down Under: Urban History in Australia and New Zealand," special issue of Journal of Urban History (November, 1995). For the most recent and thorough historiographical survey, see J. R. Laverty, "The Study of City and Regional History in Australia," Australian Journal of Politics and History 41 (Special Issue, 1995), 103-38. For New Zealand, see David A. Hamer, "Urban History in Australasia: New Zealand Urban History," Urban History Yearbook (1984), 61-8; and Lionel Frost, "The Urban History Literature of Australia and New Zealand," Journal of Urban History 22 (November, 1995), 141-53.
132. James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and a Nation (New York, 1964); James R. Scobie, "The Growth of Latin American Cities, 1870-1930," in The Cambridge History of Latin America 11 vols., ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge, 1984-86), IV, 233-65; Richard M. Morse, "Some Characteristics of Latin American Urban History," American Historical Review 67 (January, 1962), 317-38; Richard M. Morse, "The Development of Urban Systems in the Americas in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 17 (February, 1975), 4-26; Richard M. Morse, "The Urban Development of Colonial Spanish America," in The Cambridge History of Latin America, II, 67-104, 814-24; Jorge Hardoy and M. E. Langdon, "Cities and Regional Thought in Argentina and Chile, 1850-1930," in Urbanization in the Americas: The Background in Comparative Perspective, ed. Woodrow Borah et al. (Ottawa, 1980), 45-56; Martin T. Katzman, Cities and Frontiers in Brazil: Regional Dimensions of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA, 1977); and more generally, Douglas Butterworth and John K. Chance, Latin American Urbanization (Cambridge, 1981).
133. James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and a Nation (New York, 1964); James R. Scobie, "The Growth of Latin American Cities, 1870-1930," in The Cambridge History of Latin America 11 vols., ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge, 1984-86), IV, 233-65; Richard M. Morse, "Some Characteristics of Latin American Urban History," American Historical Review 67 (January, 1962), 317-38; Richard M. Morse, "The Development of Urban Systems in the Americas in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 17 (February, 1975), 4-26; Richard M. Morse, "The Urban Development of Colonial Spanish America," in The Cambridge History of Latin America, II, 67-104, 814-24; Jorge Hardoy and M. E. Langdon, "Cities and Regional Thought in Argentina and Chile, 1850-1930," in Urbanization in the Americas: The Background in Comparative Perspective, ed. Woodrow Borah et al. (Ottawa, 1980), 45-56; Martin T. Katzman, Cities and Frontiers in Brazil: Regional Dimensions of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA, 1977); and more generally, Douglas Butterworth and John K. Chance, Latin American Urbanization (Cambridge, 1981).
134. James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and a Nation (New York, 1964); James R. Scobie, "The Growth of Latin American Cities, 1870-1930," in The Cambridge History of Latin America 11 vols., ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge, 1984-86), IV, 233-65; Richard M. Morse, "Some Characteristics of Latin American Urban History," American Historical Review 67 (January, 1962), 317-38; Richard M. Morse, "The Development of Urban Systems in the Americas in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 17 (February, 1975), 4-26; Richard M. Morse, "The Urban Development of Colonial Spanish America," in The Cambridge History of Latin America, II, 67-104, 814-24; Jorge Hardoy and M. E. Langdon, "Cities and Regional Thought in Argentina and Chile, 1850-1930," in Urbanization in the Americas: The Background in Comparative Perspective, ed. Woodrow Borah et al. (Ottawa, 1980), 45-56; Martin T. Katzman, Cities and Frontiers in Brazil: Regional Dimensions of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA, 1977); and more generally, Douglas Butterworth and John K. Chance, Latin American Urbanization (Cambridge, 1981).
135. James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and a Nation (New York, 1964); James R. Scobie, "The Growth of Latin American Cities, 1870-1930," in The Cambridge History of Latin America 11 vols., ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge, 1984-86), IV, 233-65; Richard M. Morse, "Some Characteristics of Latin American Urban History," American Historical Review 67 (January, 1962), 317-38; Richard M. Morse, "The Development of Urban Systems in the Americas in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 17 (February, 1975), 4-26; Richard M. Morse, "The Urban Development of Colonial Spanish America," in The Cambridge History of Latin America, II, 67-104, 814-24; Jorge Hardoy and M. E. Langdon, "Cities and Regional Thought in Argentina and Chile, 1850-1930," in Urbanization in the Americas: The Background in Comparative Perspective, ed. Woodrow Borah et al. (Ottawa, 1980), 45-56; Martin T. Katzman, Cities and Frontiers in Brazil: Regional Dimensions of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA, 1977); and more generally, Douglas Butterworth and John K. Chance, Latin American Urbanization (Cambridge, 1981).
136. James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and a Nation (New York, 1964); James R. Scobie, "The Growth of Latin American Cities, 1870-1930," in The Cambridge History of Latin America 11 vols., ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge, 1984-86), IV, 233-65; Richard M. Morse, "Some Characteristics of Latin American Urban History," American Historical Review 67 (January, 1962), 317-38; Richard M. Morse, "The Development of Urban Systems in the Americas in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 17 (February, 1975), 4-26; Richard M. Morse, "The Urban Development of Colonial Spanish America," in The Cambridge History of Latin America, II, 67-104, 814-24; Jorge Hardoy and M. E. Langdon, "Cities and Regional Thought in Argentina and Chile, 1850-1930," in Urbanization in the Americas: The Background in Comparative Perspective, ed. Woodrow Borah et al. (Ottawa, 1980), 45-56; Martin T. Katzman, Cities and Frontiers in Brazil: Regional Dimensions of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA, 1977); and more generally, Douglas Butterworth and John K. Chance, Latin American Urbanization (Cambridge, 1981).
137. James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and a Nation (New York, 1964); James R. Scobie, "The Growth of Latin American Cities, 1870-1930," in The Cambridge History of Latin America 11 vols., ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge, 1984-86), IV, 233-65; Richard M. Morse, "Some Characteristics of Latin American Urban History," American Historical Review 67 (January, 1962), 317-38; Richard M. Morse, "The Development of Urban Systems in the Americas in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 17 (February, 1975), 4-26; Richard M. Morse, "The Urban Development of Colonial Spanish America," in The Cambridge History of Latin America, II, 67-104, 814-24; Jorge Hardoy and M. E. Langdon, "Cities and Regional Thought in Argentina and Chile, 1850-1930," in Urbanization in the Americas: The Background in Comparative Perspective, ed. Woodrow Borah et al. (Ottawa, 1980), 45-56; Martin T. Katzman, Cities and Frontiers in Brazil: Regional Dimensions of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA, 1977); and more generally, Douglas Butterworth and John K. Chance, Latin American Urbanization (Cambridge, 1981).
138. James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and a Nation (New York, 1964); James R. Scobie, "The Growth of Latin American Cities, 1870-1930," in The Cambridge History of Latin America 11 vols., ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge, 1984-86), IV, 233-65; Richard M. Morse, "Some Characteristics of Latin American Urban History," American Historical Review 67 (January, 1962), 317-38; Richard M. Morse, "The Development of Urban Systems in the Americas in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 17 (February, 1975), 4-26; Richard M. Morse, "The Urban Development of Colonial Spanish America," in The Cambridge History of Latin America, II, 67-104, 814-24; Jorge Hardoy and M. E. Langdon, "Cities and Regional Thought in Argentina and Chile, 1850-1930," in Urbanization in the Americas: The Background in Comparative Perspective, ed. Woodrow Borah et al. (Ottawa, 1980), 45-56; Martin T. Katzman, Cities and Frontiers in Brazil: Regional Dimensions of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA, 1977); and more generally, Douglas Butterworth and John K. Chance, Latin American Urbanization (Cambridge, 1981).
139. James R. Scobie, Argentina: A City and a Nation (New York, 1964); James R. Scobie, "The Growth of Latin American Cities, 1870-1930," in The Cambridge History of Latin America 11 vols., ed. Leslie Bethell (Cambridge, 1984-86), IV, 233-65; Richard M. Morse, "Some Characteristics of Latin American Urban History," American Historical Review 67 (January, 1962), 317-38; Richard M. Morse, "The Development of Urban Systems in the Americas in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 17 (February, 1975), 4-26; Richard M. Morse, "The Urban Development of Colonial Spanish America," in The Cambridge History of Latin America, II, 67-104, 814-24; Jorge Hardoy and M. E. Langdon, "Cities and Regional Thought in Argentina and Chile, 1850-1930," in Urbanization in the Americas: The Background in Comparative Perspective, ed. Woodrow Borah et al. (Ottawa, 1980), 45-56; Martin T. Katzman, Cities and Frontiers in Brazil: Regional Dimensions of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA, 1977); and more generally, Douglas Butterworth and John K. Chance, Latin American Urbanization (Cambridge, 1981).
140. On India, see Howard Spodek, "Studying the History of Urbanization in India," Journal of Urban History 6 (May, 1980), 251-95; Narayani Gupta, "Twelve Years On: Urban History in India," Urban History Yearbook (1981), 76-9; and more generally, Ashish Bose, Urbanization in India: An Inventory of Source Materials (Bombay, 1970); Ashish Bose, Studies in India's Urbanization, 1901-1971 (New Delhi, 1973); and R. Ramachandran, Urbanization and Urban Systems in India (New York, 1989).
141. On India, see Howard Spodek, "Studying the History of Urbanization in India," Journal of Urban History 6 (May, 1980), 251-95; Narayani Gupta, "Twelve Years On: Urban History in India," Urban History Yearbook (1981), 76-9; and more generally, Ashish Bose, Urbanization in India: An Inventory of Source Materials (Bombay, 1970); Ashish Bose, Studies in India's Urbanization, 1901-1971 (New Delhi, 1973); and R. Ramachandran, Urbanization and Urban Systems in India (New York, 1989).
142. On India, see Howard Spodek, "Studying the History of Urbanization in India," Journal of Urban History 6 (May, 1980), 251-95; Narayani Gupta, "Twelve Years On: Urban History in India," Urban History Yearbook (1981), 76-9; and more generally, Ashish Bose, Urbanization in India: An Inventory of Source Materials (Bombay, 1970); Ashish Bose, Studies in India's Urbanization, 1901-1971 (New Delhi, 1973); and R. Ramachandran, Urbanization and Urban Systems in India (New York, 1989).
143. On India, see Howard Spodek, "Studying the History of Urbanization in India," Journal of Urban History 6 (May, 1980), 251-95; Narayani Gupta, "Twelve Years On: Urban History in India," Urban History Yearbook (1981), 76-9; and more generally, Ashish Bose, Urbanization in India: An Inventory of Source Materials (Bombay, 1970); Ashish Bose, Studies in India's Urbanization, 1901-1971 (New Delhi, 1973); and R. Ramachandran, Urbanization and Urban Systems in India (New York, 1989).
144. On India, see Howard Spodek, "Studying the History of Urbanization in India," Journal of Urban History 6 (May, 1980), 251-95; Narayani Gupta, "Twelve Years On: Urban History in India," Urban History Yearbook (1981), 76-9; and more generally, Ashish Bose, Urbanization in India: An Inventory of Source Materials (Bombay, 1970); Ashish Bose, Studies in India's Urbanization, 1901-1971 (New Delhi, 1973); and R. Ramachandran, Urbanization and Urban Systems in India (New York, 1989).
145. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
146. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
147. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
148. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
149. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
150. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
151. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
152. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
153. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
154. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
155. On China, see Susan Mann, "Urbanization and Historical Change in China," Modern China 10 (January, 1984), 79-113; David D. Buck, "The Study of Urban History in the People's Republic of China," Urban History Yearbook (1987), 61-75; David Strand, "Beyond Coast and Capital: Pressures and Previsions in the Making of the Modern Chinese City," Wall and Market: Chinese Urban History News 1 (Spring, 1996), internet edition; Mark Elvin and G. William Skinner, eds., The Chinese City Between Two Worlds (Stanford, 1974); G. William Skinner, The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford, 1977); William T. Rowe, Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889 (Stanford, 1984). On Japan, see Gary D. Allinson, "Japanese Cities in the Industrial Era," Journal of Urban History 4 (August, 1978), 443-76; Shun-ichi Watanabe, "Planning History in Japan," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 63-75; and more generally, David Kornhauser, Urban Japan: Its Foundations and Growth (London, 1976). For comparative perspectives, see Gilbert Rozman, Urban Networks in Ch'ing China and Tokugawa Japan (Princeton, 1974). Rozman has also written on urban systems in premodern Russia: Urban Networks in Russia, 1759-1800, and Premodern Periodization (Princeton, 1976).
156. Francois Bedarida, "The Growth of Urban History in France: Some Methodological Trends," in The Study of Urban History, ed. H. J. Dyos (London, 1968), 47-60; Francois Bedarida, "The French Approach to Urban History: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Trends," in The Pursuit of Urban History, Derek Fraser, and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds. (London, 1983), 395-406; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Francois Bedarida: Urban History in France," Journal of Urban History 10 (May, 1984), 295-318; Daniel Roche, "Urban History in France," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 12-22. For the Annales tradition, see Samuel Kinser, "Annaliste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel," American Historical Review 86 (February, 1981), 63-105; Lynn Hunt, "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History 21 (April, 1986), 209-24; Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990). For a good recent example of French urban history with a city-region perspective, see Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (Princeton, 1992).
157. Francois Bedarida, "The Growth of Urban History in France: Some Methodological Trends," in The Study of Urban History, ed. H. J. Dyos (London, 1968), 47-60; Francois Bedarida, "The French Approach to Urban History: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Trends," in The Pursuit of Urban History, Derek Fraser, and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds. (London, 1983), 395-406; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Francois Bedarida: Urban History in France," Journal of Urban History 10 (May, 1984), 295-318; Daniel Roche, "Urban History in France," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 12-22. For the Annales tradition, see Samuel Kinser, "Annaliste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel," American Historical Review 86 (February, 1981), 63-105; Lynn Hunt, "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History 21 (April, 1986), 209-24; Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990). For a good recent example of French urban history with a city-region perspective, see Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (Princeton, 1992).
158. Francois Bedarida, "The Growth of Urban History in France: Some Methodological Trends," in The Study of Urban History, ed. H. J. Dyos (London, 1968), 47-60; Francois Bedarida, "The French Approach to Urban History: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Trends," in The Pursuit of Urban History, Derek Fraser, and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds. (London, 1983), 395-406; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Francois Bedarida: Urban History in France," Journal of Urban History 10 (May, 1984), 295-318; Daniel Roche, "Urban History in France," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 12-22. For the Annales tradition, see Samuel Kinser, "Annaliste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel," American Historical Review 86 (February, 1981), 63-105; Lynn Hunt, "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History 21 (April, 1986), 209-24; Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990). For a good recent example of French urban history with a city-region perspective, see Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (Princeton, 1992).
159. Francois Bedarida, "The Growth of Urban History in France: Some Methodological Trends," in The Study of Urban History, ed. H. J. Dyos (London, 1968), 47-60; Francois Bedarida, "The French Approach to Urban History: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Trends," in The Pursuit of Urban History, Derek Fraser, and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds. (London, 1983), 395-406; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Francois Bedarida: Urban History in France," Journal of Urban History 10 (May, 1984), 295-318; Daniel Roche, "Urban History in France," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 12-22. For the Annales tradition, see Samuel Kinser, "Annaliste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel," American Historical Review 86 (February, 1981), 63-105; Lynn Hunt, "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History 21 (April, 1986), 209-24; Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990). For a good recent example of French urban history with a city-region perspective, see Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (Princeton, 1992).
160. Francois Bedarida, "The Growth of Urban History in France: Some Methodological Trends," in The Study of Urban History, ed. H. J. Dyos (London, 1968), 47-60; Francois Bedarida, "The French Approach to Urban History: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Trends," in The Pursuit of Urban History, Derek Fraser, and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds. (London, 1983), 395-406; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Francois Bedarida: Urban History in France," Journal of Urban History 10 (May, 1984), 295-318; Daniel Roche, "Urban History in France," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 12-22. For the Annales tradition, see Samuel Kinser, "Annaliste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel," American Historical Review 86 (February, 1981), 63-105; Lynn Hunt, "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History 21 (April, 1986), 209-24; Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990). For a good recent example of French urban history with a city-region perspective, see Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (Princeton, 1992).
161. Francois Bedarida, "The Growth of Urban History in France: Some Methodological Trends," in The Study of Urban History, ed. H. J. Dyos (London, 1968), 47-60; Francois Bedarida, "The French Approach to Urban History: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Trends," in The Pursuit of Urban History, Derek Fraser, and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds. (London, 1983), 395-406; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Francois Bedarida: Urban History in France," Journal of Urban History 10 (May, 1984), 295-318; Daniel Roche, "Urban History in France," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 12-22. For the Annales tradition, see Samuel Kinser, "Annaliste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel," American Historical Review 86 (February, 1981), 63-105; Lynn Hunt, "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History 21 (April, 1986), 209-24; Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990). For a good recent example of French urban history with a city-region perspective, see Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (Princeton, 1992).
162. Francois Bedarida, "The Growth of Urban History in France: Some Methodological Trends," in The Study of Urban History, ed. H. J. Dyos (London, 1968), 47-60; Francois Bedarida, "The French Approach to Urban History: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Trends," in The Pursuit of Urban History, Derek Fraser, and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds. (London, 1983), 395-406; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Francois Bedarida: Urban History in France," Journal of Urban History 10 (May, 1984), 295-318; Daniel Roche, "Urban History in France," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 12-22. For the Annales tradition, see Samuel Kinser, "Annaliste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel," American Historical Review 86 (February, 1981), 63-105; Lynn Hunt, "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History 21 (April, 1986), 209-24; Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990). For a good recent example of French urban history with a city-region perspective, see Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (Princeton, 1992).
163. Francois Bedarida, "The Growth of Urban History in France: Some Methodological Trends," in The Study of Urban History, ed. H. J. Dyos (London, 1968), 47-60; Francois Bedarida, "The French Approach to Urban History: An Assessment of Recent Methodological Trends," in The Pursuit of Urban History, Derek Fraser, and Anthony Sutcliffe, eds. (London, 1983), 395-406; Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Francois Bedarida: Urban History in France," Journal of Urban History 10 (May, 1984), 295-318; Daniel Roche, "Urban History in France," Urban History Yearbook (1980), 12-22. For the Annales tradition, see Samuel Kinser, "Annaliste Paradigm? The Geohistorical Structuralism of Fernand Braudel," American Historical Review 86 (February, 1981), 63-105; Lynn Hunt, "French History in the Last Twenty Years: The Rise and Fall of the Annales Paradigm," Journal of Contemporary History 21 (April, 1986), 209-24; Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990). For a good recent example of French urban history with a city-region perspective, see Ted W. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (Princeton, 1992).
164. Jan Eivind Myhre, "Nordic Urban History and Urban Historians in the Last Decade," Urban History Yearbook (1988), 65-77, quotation on p. 68. See also Ingrid Hammarstrom, "Urban History in Scandinavia," Urban History Yearbook (1978), 46-55; and Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Ingrid Hammarstrom: Urban History in Sweden," Journal of Urban History 9 (August, 1983), 473-500.
165. Jan Eivind Myhre, "Nordic Urban History and Urban Historians in the Last Decade," Urban History Yearbook (1988), 65-77, quotation on p. 68. See also Ingrid Hammarstrom, "Urban History in Scandinavia," Urban History Yearbook (1978), 46-55; and Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Ingrid Hammarstrom: Urban History in Sweden," Journal of Urban History 9 (August, 1983), 473-500.
166. Jan Eivind Myhre, "Nordic Urban History and Urban Historians in the Last Decade," Urban History Yearbook (1988), 65-77, quotation on p. 68. See also Ingrid Hammarstrom, "Urban History in Scandinavia," Urban History Yearbook (1978), 46-55; and Bruce M. Stave, "A Conversation with Ingrid Hammarstrom: Urban History in Sweden," Journal of Urban History 9 (August, 1983), 473-500.
167. Jurgen Reulecke and Gerhard Huck, "Urban History Research in Germany: Its Development and Present Condition," Urban History Yearbook (1981), 39-54; Christopher R. Friedrichs, "German Cities in the Late Early Modern Era: Some Problems and Prospects," Urban History 23 (May, 1996), 72-85. For an excellent synthesis of European urban history, applying both network and central place models, see Paul M. Hohenberg and Lynn Hollen Lees, The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950 (Cambridge, MA, 1985).
168. Jurgen Reulecke and Gerhard Huck, "Urban History Research in Germany: Its Development and Present Condition," Urban History Yearbook (1981), 39-54; Christopher R. Friedrichs, "German Cities in the Late Early Modern Era: Some Problems and Prospects," Urban History 23 (May, 1996), 72-85. For an excellent synthesis of European urban history, applying both network and central place models, see Paul M. Hohenberg and Lynn Hollen Lees, The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950 (Cambridge, MA, 1985).
169. Jurgen Reulecke and Gerhard Huck, "Urban History Research in Germany: Its Development and Present Condition," Urban History Yearbook (1981), 39-54; Christopher R. Friedrichs, "German Cities in the Late Early Modern Era: Some Problems and Prospects," Urban History 23 (May, 1996), 72-85. For an excellent synthesis of European urban history, applying both network and central place models, see Paul M. Hohenberg and Lynn Hollen Lees, The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950 (Cambridge, MA, 1985).
170. Wade, The Urban Frontier; "Urban Life in Western America, 1790-1830," American Historical Review 64 (October, 1958), 14-30. See also "The City in History: Some American Perspectives," in Urban Life and Form, ed. Werner Z. Hirsch (New York, 1963), 59-79; "Urbanization," in The Comparative Approach to American History, ed. C. Vann Woodward (New York, 1968), 187-205; "An Agenda for Urban History," in The State of American History, ed. Herbert Bass (Chicago, 1970), 43-65.
171. Wade, The Urban Frontier; "Urban Life in Western America, 1790-1830," American Historical Review 64 (October, 1958), 14-30. See also "The City in History: Some American Perspectives," in Urban Life and Form, ed. Werner Z. Hirsch (New York, 1963), 59-79; "Urbanization," in The Comparative Approach to American History, ed. C. Vann Woodward (New York, 1968), 187-205; "An Agenda for Urban History," in The State of American History, ed. Herbert Bass (Chicago, 1970), 43-65.
172. Wade, The Urban Frontier; "Urban Life in Western America, 1790-1830," American Historical Review 64 (October, 1958), 14-30. See also "The City in History: Some American Perspectives," in Urban Life and Form, ed. Werner Z. Hirsch (New York, 1963), 59-79; "Urbanization," in The Comparative Approach to American History, ed. C. Vann Woodward (New York, 1968), 187-205; "An Agenda for Urban History," in The State of American History, ed. Herbert Bass (Chicago, 1970), 43-65.
173. Wade, The Urban Frontier; "Urban Life in Western America, 1790-1830," American Historical Review 64 (October, 1958), 14-30. See also "The City in History: Some American Perspectives," in Urban Life and Form, ed. Werner Z. Hirsch (New York, 1963), 59-79; "Urbanization," in The Comparative Approach to American History, ed. C. Vann Woodward (New York, 1968), 187-205; "An Agenda for Urban History," in The State of American History, ed. Herbert Bass (Chicago, 1970), 43-65.
174. Wade, The Urban Frontier; "Urban Life in Western America, 1790-1830," American Historical Review 64 (October, 1958), 14-30. See also "The City in History: Some American Perspectives," in Urban Life and Form, ed. Werner Z. Hirsch (New York, 1963), 59-79; "Urbanization," in The Comparative Approach to American History, ed. C. Vann Woodward (New York, 1968), 187-205; "An Agenda for Urban History," in The State of American History, ed. Herbert Bass (Chicago, 1970), 43-65.
175. For the 1960s urban literature on railroads, see Charles N. Glaab, Kansas City and the Railroads: Community Policy in the Growth of a Regional Metropolis (Madison, 1962); Julius Rubin, Canal or Railroad? Imitation and Innovation in the Response to the Erie Canal in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston (Philadelphia, 1961); Merl E. Reed, New Orleans and the Railroads: The Struggle for Commercial Empire, 1830-1860 (Baton Rouge, 1966); Leonard P. Curry, Rail Routes South: Louisville's Fight for the Southern Market, 1865-1872 (Lexington, 1969).
176. For the 1960s urban literature on railroads, see Charles N. Glaab, Kansas City and the Railroads: Community Policy in the Growth of a Regional Metropolis (Madison, 1962); Julius Rubin, Canal or Railroad? Imitation and Innovation in the Response to the Erie Canal in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston (Philadelphia, 1961); Merl E. Reed, New Orleans and the Railroads: The Struggle for Commercial Empire, 1830-1860 (Baton Rouge, 1966); Leonard P. Curry, Rail Routes South: Louisville's Fight for the Southern Market, 1865-1872 (Lexington, 1969).
177. For the 1960s urban literature on railroads, see Charles N. Glaab, Kansas City and the Railroads: Community Policy in the Growth of a Regional Metropolis (Madison, 1962); Julius Rubin, Canal or Railroad? Imitation and Innovation in the Response to the Erie Canal in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston (Philadelphia, 1961); Merl E. Reed, New Orleans and the Railroads: The Struggle for Commercial Empire, 1830-1860 (Baton Rouge, 1966); Leonard P. Curry, Rail Routes South: Louisville's Fight for the Southern Market, 1865-1872 (Lexington, 1969).
178. For the 1960s urban literature on railroads, see Charles N. Glaab, Kansas City and the Railroads: Community Policy in the Growth of a Regional Metropolis (Madison, 1962); Julius Rubin, Canal or Railroad? Imitation and Innovation in the Response to the Erie Canal in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston (Philadelphia, 1961); Merl E. Reed, New Orleans and the Railroads: The Struggle for Commercial Empire, 1830-1860 (Baton Rouge, 1966); Leonard P. Curry, Rail Routes South: Louisville's Fight for the Southern Market, 1865-1872 (Lexington, 1969).
179. David R. Goldfield, Cotton Fields and Skyscrapers: Southern City and Region, 1607-1980 (Baton Rouge, 1982). See also "The Urban South: A Regional Framework," American Historical Review 86 (December, 1981), 1009-34; "The New Regionalism," Journal of Urban History 10 (February, 1984), 171-86; "Urbanization and Regionalism in Europe and the American South," in Perspectives on the American South, vol. 3, ed. James C. Cobb and Charles R. Wilson (New York, 1985), 87-99; and Goldfield's recent collection of essays, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997).
180. David R. Goldfield, Cotton Fields and Skyscrapers: Southern City and Region, 1607-1980 (Baton Rouge, 1982). See also "The Urban South: A Regional Framework," American Historical Review 86 (December, 1981), 1009-34; "The New Regionalism," Journal of Urban History 10 (February, 1984), 171-86; "Urbanization and Regionalism in Europe and the American South," in Perspectives on the American South, vol. 3, ed. James C. Cobb and Charles R. Wilson (New York, 1985), 87-99; and Goldfield's recent collection of essays, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997).
181. David R. Goldfield, Cotton Fields and Skyscrapers: Southern City and Region, 1607-1980 (Baton Rouge, 1982). See also "The Urban South: A Regional Framework," American Historical Review 86 (December, 1981), 1009-34; "The New Regionalism," Journal of Urban History 10 (February, 1984), 171-86; "Urbanization and Regionalism in Europe and the American South," in Perspectives on the American South, vol. 3, ed. James C. Cobb and Charles R. Wilson (New York, 1985), 87-99; and Goldfield's recent collection of essays, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997).
182. David R. Goldfield, Cotton Fields and Skyscrapers: Southern City and Region, 1607-1980 (Baton Rouge, 1982). See also "The Urban South: A Regional Framework," American Historical Review 86 (December, 1981), 1009-34; "The New Regionalism," Journal of Urban History 10 (February, 1984), 171-86; "Urbanization and Regionalism in Europe and the American South," in Perspectives on the American South, vol. 3, ed. James C. Cobb and Charles R. Wilson (New York, 1985), 87-99; and Goldfield's recent collection of essays, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997).
183. David R. Goldfield, Cotton Fields and Skyscrapers: Southern City and Region, 1607-1980 (Baton Rouge, 1982). See also "The Urban South: A Regional Framework," American Historical Review 86 (December, 1981), 1009-34; "The New Regionalism," Journal of Urban History 10 (February, 1984), 171-86; "Urbanization and Regionalism in Europe and the American South," in Perspectives on the American South, vol. 3, ed. James C. Cobb and Charles R. Wilson (New York, 1985), 87-99; and Goldfield's recent collection of essays, Region, Race, and Cities: Interpreting the Urban South (Baton Rouge, 1997).
184. William Cronon, Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York, 1991).
185. Cronon's book has generated a considerable critical response. See for example, Peter A. Coclanis, "Urbs in Horto," Reviews in American History 20 (March, 1992), 14-20; Paul Barrett, "Chicago and Its Interpreters," Journal of Urban History 20 (August, 1994), 577-84; and the entire special issue of Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography 26 (April, 1994), 113-76.
186. Cronon's book has generated a considerable critical response. See for example, Peter A. Coclanis, "Urbs in Horto," Reviews in American History 20 (March, 1992), 14-20; Paul Barrett, "Chicago and Its Interpreters," Journal of Urban History 20 (August, 1994), 577-84; and the entire special issue of Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography 26 (April, 1994), 113-76.
187. Cronon's book has generated a considerable critical response. See for example, Peter A. Coclanis, "Urbs in Horto," Reviews in American History 20 (March, 1992), 14-20; Paul Barrett, "Chicago and Its Interpreters," Journal of Urban History 20 (August, 1994), 577-84; and the entire special issue of Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography 26 (April, 1994), 113-76.
188. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald
189. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "Staple Crops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976), 7-78; Carville V. Earle, "The First English Towns of North America," Geographical Review 67 (January, 1977), 34-50; Diane Lindstrom, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (New York, 1978); Francis X. Blouin, The Boston Region, 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization (Ann Arbor, 1978); Edward K. Muller, "Metropolis and Region: A Framework for Enquiry Into Western Pennsylvania," in City at the Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. Samuel P. Hays (Pittsburgh, 1989), 181-211; Edward K. Muller, "From Waterfront to Metropolitan Region: The Geographical Development of American Cities," in American Urbanism: A Historiographical Review, ed. Howard Gillette Jr. and Zane L. Miller (Westport, 1987), 105-33; Carl Abbott, "Frontiers and Sections: Cities and Regions in American Growth," in American Urbanism, 271-90.
190. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "Staple Crops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976), 7-78; Carville V. Earle, "The First English Towns of North America," Geographical Review 67 (January, 1977), 34-50; Diane Lindstrom, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (New York, 1978); Francis X. Blouin, The Boston Region, 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization (Ann Arbor, 1978); Edward K. Muller, "Metropolis and Region: A Framework for Enquiry Into Western Pennsylvania," in City at the Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. Samuel P. Hays (Pittsburgh, 1989), 181-211; Edward K. Muller, "From Waterfront to Metropolitan Region: The Geographical Development of American Cities," in American Urbanism: A Historiographical Review, ed. Howard Gillette Jr. and Zane L. Miller (Westport, 1987), 105-33; Carl Abbott, "Frontiers and Sections: Cities and Regions in American Growth," in American Urbanism, 271-90.
191. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "Staple Crops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976), 7-78; Carville V. Earle, "The First English Towns of North America," Geographical Review 67 (January, 1977), 34-50; Diane Lindstrom, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (New York, 1978); Francis X. Blouin, The Boston Region, 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization (Ann Arbor, 1978); Edward K. Muller, "Metropolis and Region: A Framework for Enquiry Into Western Pennsylvania," in City at the Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. Samuel P. Hays (Pittsburgh, 1989), 181-211; Edward K. Muller, "From Waterfront to Metropolitan Region: The Geographical Development of American Cities," in American Urbanism: A Historiographical Review, ed. Howard Gillette Jr. and Zane L. Miller (Westport, 1987), 105-33; Carl Abbott, "Frontiers and Sections: Cities and Regions in American Growth," in American Urbanism, 271-90.
192. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "Staple Crops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976), 7-78; Carville V. Earle, "The First English Towns of North America," Geographical Review 67 (January, 1977), 34-50; Diane Lindstrom, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (New York, 1978); Francis X. Blouin, The Boston Region, 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization (Ann Arbor, 1978); Edward K. Muller, "Metropolis and Region: A Framework for Enquiry Into Western Pennsylvania," in City at the Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. Samuel P. Hays (Pittsburgh, 1989), 181-211; Edward K. Muller, "From Waterfront to Metropolitan Region: The Geographical Development of American Cities," in American Urbanism: A Historiographical Review, ed. Howard Gillette Jr. and Zane L. Miller (Westport, 1987), 105-33; Carl Abbott, "Frontiers and Sections: Cities and Regions in American Growth," in American Urbanism, 271-90.
193. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "Staple Crops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976), 7-78; Carville V. Earle, "The First English Towns of North America," Geographical Review 67 (January, 1977), 34-50; Diane Lindstrom, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (New York, 1978); Francis X. Blouin, The Boston Region, 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization (Ann Arbor, 1978); Edward K. Muller, "Metropolis and Region: A Framework for Enquiry Into Western Pennsylvania," in City at the Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. Samuel P. Hays (Pittsburgh, 1989), 181-211; Edward K. Muller, "From Waterfront to Metropolitan Region: The Geographical Development of American Cities," in American Urbanism: A Historiographical Review, ed. Howard Gillette Jr. and Zane L. Miller (Westport, 1987), 105-33; Carl Abbott, "Frontiers and Sections: Cities and Regions in American Growth," in American Urbanism, 271-90.
194. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "Staple Crops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976), 7-78; Carville V. Earle, "The First English Towns of North America," Geographical Review 67 (January, 1977), 34-50; Diane Lindstrom, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (New York, 1978); Francis X. Blouin, The Boston Region, 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization (Ann Arbor, 1978); Edward K. Muller, "Metropolis and Region: A Framework for Enquiry Into Western Pennsylvania," in City at the Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. Samuel P. Hays (Pittsburgh, 1989), 181-211; Edward K. Muller, "From Waterfront to Metropolitan Region: The Geographical Development of American Cities," in American Urbanism: A Historiographical Review, ed. Howard Gillette Jr. and Zane L. Miller (Westport, 1987), 105-33; Carl Abbott, "Frontiers and Sections: Cities and Regions in American Growth," in American Urbanism, 271-90.
195. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "Staple Crops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976), 7-78; Carville V. Earle, "The First English Towns of North America," Geographical Review 67 (January, 1977), 34-50; Diane Lindstrom, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (New York, 1978); Francis X. Blouin, The Boston Region, 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization (Ann Arbor, 1978); Edward K. Muller, "Metropolis and Region: A Framework for Enquiry Into Western Pennsylvania," in City at the Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. Samuel P. Hays (Pittsburgh, 1989), 181-211; Edward K. Muller, "From Waterfront to Metropolitan Region: The Geographical Development of American Cities," in American Urbanism: A Historiographical Review, ed. Howard Gillette Jr. and Zane L. Miller (Westport, 1987), 105-33; Carl Abbott, "Frontiers and Sections: Cities and Regions in American Growth," in American Urbanism, 271-90.
196. For a sampling of scholarly work with a regionalist focus, see Allan Pred, Urban Growth and the Circulation of Information: The United States System of Cities, 1790-1840 (Cambridge, 1973); Michael Conzen, "The Maturing Urban System in the United States, 1840-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67 (March, 1977), 88-108; Carville V. Earle and Ronald Hoffman, "Staple Crops and Urban Development in the Eighteenth-Century South," Perspectives in American History 10 (1976), 7-78; Carville V. Earle, "The First English Towns of North America," Geographical Review 67 (January, 1977), 34-50; Diane Lindstrom, Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850 (New York, 1978); Francis X. Blouin, The Boston Region, 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization (Ann Arbor, 1978); Edward K. Muller, "Metropolis and Region: A Framework for Enquiry Into Western Pennsylvania," in City at the Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. Samuel P. Hays (Pittsburgh, 1989), 181-211; Edward K. Muller, "From Waterfront to Metropolitan Region: The Geographical Development of American Cities," in American Urbanism: A Historiographical Review, ed. Howard Gillette Jr. and Zane L. Miller (Westport, 1987), 105-33; Carl Abbott, "Frontiers and Sections: Cities and Regions in American Growth," in American Urbanism, 271-90.
197. Much of the recent writing on urbanization in a regional context deals with the American West. See for example, Carl Abbott, "The Metropolitan Region: Western Cities in the New Urban Era," in The Twentieth-Century West: Historical Interpretations, ed. Gerald D. Nash and Richard W. Etulain (Albuquerque, 1989), 71-98; Carol A. O'Connor, "A Region of Cities," in The Oxford History of the American West, ed. Clyde A. Milner II et al. (New York, 1994), 535-63; Timothy R. Mahoney, "Urban History in a Regional Context: River Towns on the Upper Mississippi, 1840-1860," Journal of American History 72 (September, 1985), 318-39; River Towns in the Great West: The Structure of Provincial Urbanization in the American Midwest, 1820-1870 (Cambridge, 1990); Eugene Moehring, "The Comstock Urban Network," Pacific Historical Review 66 (August, 1997), 337-62; Eugene Moehring, "The Civil War and Town Founding in the Intermountain West," Western Historical Quarterly 28 (Autumn, 1997), 317-41.
198. Much of the recent writing on urbanization in a regional context deals with the American West. See for example, Carl Abbott, "The Metropolitan Region: Western Cities in the New Urban Era," in The Twentieth-Century West: Historical Interpretations, ed. Gerald D. Nash and Richard W. Etulain (Albuquerque, 1989), 71-98; Carol A. O'Connor, "A Region of Cities," in The Oxford History of the American West, ed. Clyde A. Milner II et al. (New York, 1994), 535-63; Timothy R. Mahoney, "Urban History in a Regional Context: River Towns on the Upper Mississippi, 1840-1860," Journal of American History 72 (September, 1985), 318-39; River Towns in the Great West: The Structure of Provincial Urbanization in the American Midwest, 1820-1870 (Cambridge, 1990); Eugene Moehring, "The Comstock Urban Network," Pacific Historical Review 66 (August, 1997), 337-62; Eugene Moehring, "The Civil War and Town Founding in the Intermountain West," Western Historical Quarterly 28 (Autumn, 1997), 317-41.
199. Much of the recent writing on urbanization in a regional context deals with the American West. See for example, Carl Abbott, "The Metropolitan Region: Western Cities in the New Urban Era," in The Twentieth-Century West: Historical Interpretations, ed. Gerald D. Nash and Richard W. Etulain (Albuquerque, 1989), 71-98; Carol A. O'Connor, "A Region of Cities," in The Oxford History of the American West, ed. Clyde A. Milner II et al. (New York, 1994), 535-63; Timothy R. Mahoney, "Urban History in a Regional Context: River Towns on the Upper Mississippi, 1840-1860," Journal of American History 72 (September, 1985), 318-39; River Towns in the Great West: The Structure of Provincial Urbanization in the American Midwest, 1820-1870 (Cambridge, 1990); Eugene Moehring, "The Comstock Urban Network," Pacific Historical Review 66 (August, 1997), 337-62; Eugene Moehring, "The Civil War and Town Founding in the Intermountain West," Western Historical Quarterly 28 (Autumn, 1997), 317-41.
200. Much of the recent writing on urbanization in a regional context deals with the American West. See for example, Carl Abbott, "The Metropolitan Region: Western Cities in the New Urban Era," in The Twentieth-Century West: Historical Interpretations, ed. Gerald D. Nash and Richard W. Etulain (Albuquerque, 1989), 71-98; Carol A. O'Connor, "A Region of Cities," in The Oxford History of the American West, ed. Clyde A. Milner II et al. (New York, 1994), 535-63; Timothy R. Mahoney, "Urban History in a Regional Context: River Towns on the Upper Mississippi, 1840-1860," Journal of American History 72 (September, 1985), 318-39; River Towns in the Great West: The Structure of Provincial Urbanization in the American Midwest, 1820-1870 (Cambridge, 1990); Eugene Moehring, "The Comstock Urban Network," Pacific Historical Review 66 (August, 1997), 337-62; Eugene Moehring, "The Civil War and Town Founding in the Intermountain West," Western Historical Quarterly 28 (Autumn, 1997), 317-41.
201. Much of the recent writing on urbanization in a regional context deals with the American West. See for example, Carl Abbott, "The Metropolitan Region: Western Cities in the New Urban Era," in The Twentieth-Century West: Historical Interpretations, ed. Gerald D. Nash and Richard W. Etulain (Albuquerque, 1989), 71-98; Carol A. O'Connor, "A Region of Cities," in The Oxford History of the American West, ed. Clyde A. Milner II et al. (New York, 1994), 535-63; Timothy R. Mahoney, "Urban History in a Regional Context: River Towns on the Upper Mississippi, 1840-1860," Journal of American History 72 (September, 1985), 318-39; River Towns in the Great West: The Structure of Provincial Urbanization in the American Midwest, 1820-1870 (Cambridge, 1990); Eugene Moehring, "The Comstock Urban Network," Pacific Historical Review 66 (August, 1997), 337-62; Eugene Moehring, "The Civil War and Town Founding in the Intermountain West," Western Historical Quarterly 28 (Autumn, 1997), 317-41.
202. Much of the recent writing on urbanization in a regional context deals with the American West. See for example, Carl Abbott, "The Metropolitan Region: Western Cities in the New Urban Era," in The Twentieth-Century West: Historical Interpretations, ed. Gerald D. Nash and Richard W. Etulain (Albuquerque, 1989), 71-98; Carol A. O'Connor, "A Region of Cities," in The Oxford History of the American West, ed. Clyde A. Milner II et al. (New York, 1994), 535-63; Timothy R. Mahoney, "Urban History in a Regional Context: River Towns on the Upper Mississippi, 1840-1860," Journal of American History 72 (September, 1985), 318-39; River Towns in the Great West: The Structure of Provincial Urbanization in the American Midwest, 1820-1870 (Cambridge, 1990); Eugene Moehring, "The Comstock Urban Network," Pacific Historical Review 66 (August, 1997), 337-62; Eugene Moehring, "The Civil War and Town Founding in the Intermountain West," Western Historical Quarterly 28 (Autumn, 1997), 317-41.
203. Not to be overlooked is a considerable recent literature on the newest American region, the Sunbelt. See David C. Perry and Alfred J. Watkins, eds., The Rise of the Sunbelt Cities (Beverly Hills, 1977); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice, eds., Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth since World War II (Austin, 1983); Randall M. Miller and George E. Pozzerta, eds., Shades of the Sunbelt: Essays on Ethnicity, Race, and the Urban South (Westport, 1988); Raymond A. Mohl, ed., Searching for the Sunbelt: Historical Perspectives on a Region (Knoxville, 1990).
204. Not to be overlooked is a considerable recent literature on the newest American region, the Sunbelt. See David C. Perry and Alfred J. Watkins, eds., The Rise of the Sunbelt Cities (Beverly Hills, 1977); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice, eds., Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth since World War II (Austin, 1983); Randall M. Miller and George E. Pozzerta, eds., Shades of the Sunbelt: Essays on Ethnicity, Race, and the Urban South (Westport, 1988); Raymond A. Mohl, ed., Searching for the Sunbelt: Historical Perspectives on a Region (Knoxville, 1990).
205. Not to be overlooked is a considerable recent literature on the newest American region, the Sunbelt. See David C. Perry and Alfred J. Watkins, eds., The Rise of the Sunbelt Cities (Beverly Hills, 1977); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice, eds., Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth since World War II (Austin, 1983); Randall M. Miller and George E. Pozzerta, eds., Shades of the Sunbelt: Essays on Ethnicity, Race, and the Urban South (Westport, 1988); Raymond A. Mohl, ed., Searching for the Sunbelt: Historical Perspectives on a Region (Knoxville, 1990).
206. Not to be overlooked is a considerable recent literature on the newest American region, the Sunbelt. See David C. Perry and Alfred J. Watkins, eds., The Rise of the Sunbelt Cities (Beverly Hills, 1977); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice, eds., Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth since World War II (Austin, 1983); Randall M. Miller and George E. Pozzerta, eds., Shades of the Sunbelt: Essays on Ethnicity, Race, and the Urban South (Westport, 1988); Raymond A. Mohl, ed., Searching for the Sunbelt: Historical Perspectives on a Region (Knoxville, 1990).
207. Not to be overlooked is a considerable recent literature on the newest American region, the Sunbelt. See David C. Perry and Alfred J. Watkins, eds., The Rise of the Sunbelt Cities (Beverly Hills, 1977); Carl Abbott, The New Urban America: Growth and Politics in Sunbelt Cities (Chapel Hill, 1981); Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice, eds., Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth since World War II (Austin, 1983); Randall M. Miller and George E. Pozzerta, eds., Shades of the Sunbelt: Essays on Ethnicity, Race, and the Urban South (Westport, 1988); Raymond A. Mohl, ed., Searching for the Sunbelt: Historical Perspectives on a Region (Knoxville, 1990).