Microstructures of low and middle-level clouds over the Beaufort Sea

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 124, Issue 550, 1998, Pages 2035-2071

  Hobbs, Peter V ^a   Rangno, Arthur L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; ROCK MICROSTRUCTURE;

BEAUFORT SEA;

EID: 0032440986     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1256/smsqj.55011     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Abelson, P. A. 1989 Editorial on 'The Arctic: a key to world climate'. Science, 243, 873
2. Ackerman, T. P., Stenback, I. M. and Valero, F. P. J. 1986 'The importance of arctic haze for the energy budget of the Arctic'. In Arctic air pollution. Ed. B. Stonehouse. Cambridge University Press, New York
3. Baumgardner, D. 1987 'Corrections for the response time of particle measuring probes'. Pp. 148-151 in Preprints 6th Symposium on meteorological observations and instrumentation. American Meteorological Society, New Orleans, USA
4. Boers, R., Jensen, J. B., Krummel, P. B. and Gerber, H. 1996 Microphysical and short-wave radiative structure of wintertime stratocumulus clouds over the Southern Ocean. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 1307-1339
5. Cunningham, R. M. 1957 'A discussion of generating cell observations with respect to the existence of freezing or sublimation nuclei'. In Artificial stimulation of rain. Ed. H. Weickmann. Pergamon Press, New York
6. Curry, J. A. 1986 Interactions among turbulence, radiation and microphysics in arctic stratus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 90-106
7. Curry, J. A. and Ebert, E. E. 1992 Annual cycle of radiation fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: sensitivity to cloud optical properties. J. Climate, 5, 1267-1280
8. Curry, J. A. and Herman, G. F. 1985 Infrared radiative properties of summertime Arctic stratus clouds. J. Clin. Appl. Meteorol., 24, 526-538
9. Curry, J. A., Meyer, F. G., Radke, L. F., Brock, C. A. and Ebert, E. E. 1990 Occurrence and characteristics of lower tropospheric ice crystals in the Arctic. Int. J. Climatol, 10, 749-764
10. Curry, J. A., Rossow, W. B., Randall, D. and Schramm, J. L. 1996 Overview of arctic cloud and radiation characteristics. J. Climate, 9, 1731-1764
11. Gardiner, B. A. and Hallett, J. 1985 Degradation of in-cloud forward-scattering spectrometer probe measurements in the presence of ice particles. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 171-180
12. Gerber, H., Arends, B. G. and Ackerman, A. S. 1994 New microphysics sensor for aircraft use. Almos. Res., 37, 235-252
13. Goldsmith, P., Gloster, J. and Hume, C. 1976 "The ice phase in clouds'. In Preprints of the International conference on cloud physics. American Meteorological Society, Boulder, USA
14. Goody, R. 1980 Polar processes and world climate (a brief overview). Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1935
15. Hallet, J. and Mossop, S. C. 1974 Production of secondary ice particles during the riming process. Nature. 249, 26-28
16. Hegg, D. A., Ferek, R. J. and Hobbs, P. V. 1995 Cloud condensation nuclei over the Arctic Ocean in early spring. J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 2076-2082
17. Hegg, D. A., Hobbs, P. V., Gassó, S., Nance, J. D. and Rangno, A. L. 1996 Aerosol measurements in the Arctic relevant to direct and indirect radiative forcing. J. Ceophys. Res., 101, 23349-23363
18. Herman, G. F. and Curry, J. A. 1984 Observational and theoretical studies of solar radiation in arctic stratus clouds. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 5-24
19. Hobbs, P. V. and Rangno, A. L. 1985 Ice particle concentrations in clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2523-2549
20. Hobbs, P. V. and Rangno, A. L. 1990 Rapid development of ice particle concentrations in small, polar maritime cumuliform clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2710-2722
21. Hobbs, P. V., Politovich, M. K. and Radke, L. F. 1980 Structures of summer convective clouds in eastern Montana. I. Natural clouds. J. Appl. Meteorol, 19, 645-663
22. Hobbs, P. V., Radke, L. F., Lyons, J. H., Ferek, R. J. and Coffman, D. J. 1991 Airborne measurements of particle and gas emissions from the 1990 volcanic eruptions of Mt. Redoubt. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18735-18752
23. Huschke, R. E. (Ed.) 1989 Glossary of meteorology. P. 179. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA 02108, USA
24. Jayaweera, K. O. L. F. and Ohtake, T. 1973 Concentration of ice crystals in arctic stratus clouds. J. Res. Atmos., 7, 199-207
25. Jiusto, J. E. 1981 'Fog structure'. In Clouds, their optical properties, and effects. Eds. P. V. Hobbs and A. Deepak. Academic Press, New York
26. King, M. D. 1993 'Radiative properties of clouds'. Pp. 123-149 in Aerosol-cloudclimate interactions. Ed. P. V. Hobbs. Academic Press
27. King, W. D., Parkin, D. A. and Handsworth, R. J. 1978 A hot-wire liquid water device having fully calculable response characteristics. J. Appl. Meteorol, 17, 1809-1813
28. Lewis, W. 1951 'Meteorological aspects of aircraft icing'. Pp. 1197-1203 in Compendium of meteorology. American Meteorological Society
29. Locatelli, J. D. and Hobbs, P. V. 1974 Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2185-2197
30. Meyers, M. P., DeMott, P. J. and Cotton, W. R. 1992 New primary ice-nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model. J. Appl. Meteorol, 31, 708-721
31. Mossop, S. C. 1985a The origin and concentrations of ice crystals in clouds. Bull. Am. Meteorol Soc., 66, 264-273
32. Mossop, S. C. 1985b Secondary ice particle production during rime growth: the effect of droplet size distribution and rimer velocity. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 11, 1113-1124
33. Mossop, S.C., Ono, A. and Wishart, E. R. 1970 Ice particles in maritime clouds near Tasmania. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 487-508
34. Neiburger, M. 1949 Reflection, absorbing, and transmission of insolation by stratus cloud. J. Meteorol, 6, 98-104
35. Pinto, J. O. and Curry, J. A. 1997 Radiative characteristics of Arctic atmosphere during spring as inferred from ground-based measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6941-6952
36. Plank, V. G., Atlas, D. and Paulsen, W. H. 1955 The nature and detectability of clouds and precipitation as determined by 1.25 cm radar. J. Meteorol., 12, 358-378
37. Rangno, A. L. and Hobbs, P. V. 1991 Ice particle concentrations and precipitation development in small polar maritime cumuliform clouds. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 117, 207-241
38. Rangno, A. L. and Hobbs, P. V. 1994 Ice particle concentrations and precipitation development in small continental cumuliform clouds. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 120, 573-601
39. Rauber, R. M. and Tokay, A. 1991 An explanation for the existence of supercooled liquid water at the top of cold clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1005-1023
40. 2. Climate Dyn., 1, 35-51
41. Smith, W. S. and Kao, C.-Y. 1996 Numerical simulations of observed arctic stratus clouds using a second-order turbulence closure model. J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 47-59
42. Tsay, S.-C. and Jayaweera, K. O. L. F. 1984 Physical characteristics of arctic stratus clouds. J. Clin. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 584-596
43. Turner, F. M. and Radke, L. F. 1973 The design and evaluation of an airborne optical ice particle counter. J. Appl. Meleorol., 12, 1309-1318
44. Turner, F. M., Radke, L. F. and Hobbs, P. V. 1976 Optical techniques for counting ice particles in mixed phase clouds. Atmos. Technol., 8, 25-31
45. Walsh, J. E. and Crane, R. G. 1992 A comparison of GCM simulations of arctic climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 29-32
46. Warner, J. and Newnham, T. D. 1952 A new method of measurement of cloud-water content. Tellus, 4, 46-52
47. Warren, S. G., Hahn, C. J., London, J., Chervin, R. M. and Jenne, R. L. 1988 'Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean'. National Center for Atmospheric Research Tech. Note NCAR/TN-317+STR. (Available from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 80302)
48. Willis, P. T. and Hallet, J. 1991 Microphysical measurements from an aircraft ascending with a growing isolated maritime cumulus tower. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 283-300
49. Witte, H. J. 1968 'Airborne observations of cloud particles and infrared flux density (8-14 pm) in the Arctic'. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Washington
50. World Meteorological Organization 1956 Unabridged international cloud atlas. World Meteorological Organization, 41 Ave. Guiseppe Motta, Geneva 2, Switzerland
51. 1969 International cloud atlas. Abridged atlas. World Meteorological Organization, 41 Ave. Guiseppe Motta, Geneva 2, Switzerland
52. 1975 International cloud atlas, Vol. I. World Meteorological Organization, 41 Ave. Guiseppe Motta, Geneva 2, Switzerland