Microphysical and short-wave radiative structure of wintertime stratocumulus clouds over the Southern Ocean

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 122, Issue 534, 1996, Pages 1307-1339

  Boers, R ^a   Jensen, J B ^a   Krummel, P B ^a   Gerber, H ^b  

^a CSIRO   (Australia)

^b GERBER SCIENTIFIC INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Cloud albedo; Cloud microphysics; Marine stratocumulus; Radiative transfer

Indexed keywords

ALBEDO; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; MARINE CLOUD; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; STRATOCUMULUS;

SOUTHERN OCEAN;

EID: 0030440448     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1256/smsqj.53404     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Ackerman, A. S., Toon, O. B. and Hobbs, P. V. 1993 Dissipation of marine stratiform clouds and collapse of the marine boundary layer due to the depletion of cloud condensation nuclei by clouds. Science, 262, 226-229
2. Albrecht, B. A. 1989 Aerosol, cloud microphysics and fractional cloudiness. Science, 245, 1227-1230
3. Baumgardner, D. and Spowart, M. 1990 Evaluation of forward scattering spectrometer probe. Part III: Time response and laser inhomogeneity limitations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 666-672
4. Baumgardner, D., Strapp, W. and Dye, J. E. 1985 Evaluation of the forward scattering spectrometer probe. Part II: Corrections for coincidence and dead-time losses. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 626-632
5. Boers, R. 1995 Influence of seasonal variations in cloud condensation nuclei, drizzle and solar radiation on marine stratocumulus cloud optical depth. Tellus, 47 B, 578-586
6. Boers, R. and Betts, A. K. 1988 Saturation point structure of marine stratocumulus. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1156-1175
7. Boers, R. and Mitchell, R. M. 1994 Absorption feedback in stratocumulus clouds: Influence on cloud top albedo. Tellus, 46 A, 229-241
8. Boers, R., Ayers, G. P. and Gras, J. L. 1994 Coherence between seasonal cycles in satellite observed cloud optical depth and boundary layer CCN concentrations at a midlatitude southern hemisphere station. Tellus, 46 B, 123-131
9. Brost, R. A., Lenschow, D. H. and Wyngaard, J. L. 1982a Marine stratocumulus layers. I. Mean conditions. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 800-817
10. Brost, R. A., Wyngaard, J. L. and Lenschow, D. H. 1982b Marine stratocumulus layers. II. Turbulence budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 818-836
11. Charlson, R. J., Lovelock, J. E., Andreae, M. O. and Warren, S. G. 1987 Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature, 326, 655-661
12. Fouquart, Y. and Bonnel, B. 1991 Intercomparing shortwave radiation codes for climate studies. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8955-8968
13. Gerber, H. 1991 Direct measurement of supsended particulate volume concentration and far-infrared extinction coefficient with a laser-diffraction instrument. Appl. Optics, 30, 4824-4831
14. 1995 Microphysics of marine stratocumulus clouds with two drizzle modes. J. Atmos. Sci., in press
15. Gerber, H., Arends, B. G. and Ackerman, A. S. 1994 New microphysics sensor for aircraft use. Atmos. Res., 31, 235-252
16. Gras, J. L. 1989 Baseline atmospheric condensation nuclei at Cape Grim, 1977-1987. J. Atmos. Chem., 11, 89-106
17. Heymsfield, A. J. 1993 Microphysical structures of stratiform and cirrus clouds.Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, Chapter 4, Academic Press, Inc.
18. King, W. D., Parkin, D. A. and Handworth, R. J. 1978 A hot wire liquid-water device having fully calculable response characteristics. J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 1809-1813
19. Kneizys, F. X., Shettle, E. P., Anderson, G. P., Abreu, L. W., Chetwynd, J. H., Selby, J. E., Clough, S. A. and Gallery, W. O. 1988 'Atmospheric transmittance/radiance computer code LOWTRAN 7'. AFGL-TR-88
20. Kristament, I. 1994 'Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment, July 1993: Trajectory analysis'. A National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, New Zealand publication
21. Martin, G. M., Johnson, D. W. and Spice, D. W. 1994 The measurement and parameterization of effective radius of droplets in warm stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1823-1842
22. Mossop, S. C. 1985 Microphysical properties of supercooled cumulus clouds in which ice particle multiplication process operates. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 183-198
23. Mossop, S. C., Ruskin, R. E. and Heferman, K. J. 1968 Glaciation of a cumulus at approximately -4°C, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 889-899
24. Mossop, S. C., Ono, A. and Weishart, E. R. 1970 Ice particles in maritime clouds near Tasmania. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 487-508
25. Paltridge, G. W. 1974 Infrared emissivity, shortwave albedo and the microphysics of stratiform water clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4053-4058
26. Paltridge, G. W. 1976 Solar and thermal radiation flux measurements over the east coast of Australia. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2857-2865
27. Pincus, R. and Baker, M. B. 1994 Effects of precipitation on the albedo susceptibility of clouds in the marine boundary layer. Nature, 372, 250-252
28. Platt, C. M. R. 1971 Airborne infrared radiance measurements (10-12 micron wavelength) off tropical east Australia. J. Geophys. Res., 77, 1597-1609
29. 1976 Infrared absorption and liquid water content in stratocumulus clouds. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 102, 553-561
30. Radke, L. F., Coakley, J. A. and Kine, M. D. 1989 Direct and remote sensing observations of the effect of ships on clouds. Science, 246, 1149-1150
31. Randall, D. A. 1984 Outlook for research on subtropical marine stratiform clouds. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 65, 1290-1301
32. Seidl, W. 1994 Initial cloud droplet number concentrations in clean and polluted areas: Simulations by a condensation nuclei model and comparison with measurements. Atmos. Res., 31, 157-185
33. Slingo, A. and Schrecker, H. M. 1982 On the radiative properties of stratiform water clouds. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 108, 407-426
34. Slingo, A., Nicholls, S. and Schmetz, J. 1982 Aircraft observations of marine stratocumulus during JASIN. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 108, 833-856
35. Squires, P. 1956 The microstructure of cumuli in maritime and continental air. Tellus, 8, 443-444
36. 1958a The microstructure and colloidal stability of warm clouds. I. The relation between structure and stability. Tellus, 10, 256-261
37. 1958b The microstructure and colloidal stability of warm clouds. II. The causes and variation in microstructure. Tellus, 10, 262-271
38. 1958c The microstructure and colloidal stability of warm clouds. III. The spatial variation of liquid water and droplet concentration in cumuli. Tellus, 10, 272-280
39. Stephens, G. L. 1978 Radiation profiles in extended water clouds, I: Theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2111-2122
40. Stephens, G. L. and Platt, C. M. R. 1987 Aircraft observations of the radiative and microphysical properties of stratocumulus and cumulus clouds. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 26, 1243-1269
41. Stephens, G. L. and Tsay, S.-C. 1990 On the cloud absorption anomaly. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 116, 671-704
42. Stephens, G. L., Paltridge, G. W. and Platt, C. M. R. 1978 Radiation profiles in extended water clouds. III: Observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2133-2141
43. Twomey, S. 1959 The nuclei of natural cloud formation. II: The supersaturation in natural clouds and the variation of cloud droplet concentration. Geofis. Pura Appl., 43, 243-249
44. 1963 Measurement of natural cloud nuclei. J. Rech. Atmos., 1, 101-105
45. 1977 The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149-1152
46. Twomey, S. and Cocks, S. T. 1982 Spectral reflectance of clouds in the near infrared: Comparison of measurements and calculations. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 60, 583-592
47. Twomey, S. and Seton, K. J. 1980 Inferences of gross microphysical properties of clouds from spectral reflectance measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1066-1069
48. Twomey, S. and Squires, P. 1959 The influence of cloud nucleus population on the microstructure and stability of convective clouds. Tellus, 11, 408-411
49. Twomey, S. and Warner, J. 1967 Comparison of measurement of cloud droplets and cloud nuclei. J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 702-703
50. Warner, J. 1969a The microstructure of cumulus clouds. Part I. General features of the droplet spectrum. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1049-1059
51. 1969b The microstructure of cumulus clouds. Part II. The effect on the droplet size distribution of the cloud nucleus spectrum and updraft velocity. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1272-1282
52. 1970 The microstructure of cumulus clouds. Part III. The nature of the updraft. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 682-688
53. 1979 On the spatial variability of droplets in clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 541-545
54. Warner, J. and Squires, P. 1958 Liquid-water content and the adiabatic model of cumulus development. Tellus, 10, 390-394