Hyperparasitism by an exotic autoparasitoid: Secondary host selection and the window of vulnerability of conspecific and native heterospecific hosts

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

Volumn 89, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 249-259

  Hunter, Martha S ^a   Kelly, Suzanne E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

Aphelinidae; Bemisia tabaci; Encarsia transvena; Eretmocerus eremicus; Heteronomous hyperparasitoid; Host suitability; Oviposition behavior; Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Indexed keywords

HOST PREFERENCE; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION; PARASITOID;

ALEYRODIDAE; APHELINIDAE; ARTHROPODA; BEMISIA TABACI; ENCARSIA; ENCARSIA TRANSVENA; ERETMOCERUS; ERETMOCERUS EREMICUS; HYMENOPTERA; IPOMOEA BATATAS; SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; TRANSVENA; TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM; VESPIDAE;

EID: 0032429184     PISSN: 00138703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00406.x     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Abrams, P. A., 1986. Adaptive responses of predators to prey and prey to predators: the failure of the arms-race analogy. Evolution 40: 1229-1247.
2. Argov, Y., 1988. Biological control of the citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the Sixth International Citrus Congress, Tel Aviv, Israel, Margraf Scientific Books.
3. Avilla, J., J. Anadón, M. J. Sarasúa & R. Albajes, 1991. Egg allocation of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor at different relative densities of the primary host (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and two secondary hosts (Encarsia formosa and E. tricolor). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 59: 219-227.
4. Briggs, C. J., R. M. Nisbet & W. W. Murdoch, 1993. Coexistence of competing parasitoid species on a host with a variable life cycle. Theoretical Population Biology 44: 341-373.
5. Buijs, M. J., I. Pirovano & J. C. van Lenteren, 1981. Encarsia pergandiella, a possible biological control agent for the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. A study on intra-and interspecific host selection. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversitect (Gent) 46: 465-475.
6. Comins, H. N. & M. P. Hassell, 1996. Persistence of multispecies host-parasitoid interactions in spatially distributed models with local dispersal. Journal of Theoretical Biology 183: 19-28.
7. Crawley, M. J., 1993. GLIM for Ecologists. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
8. DeBach, P., 1966. The competitive displacement and coexistence principles. Annual Review of Entomology 11: 183-212.
9. Force, D. C., 1985. Competition among parasitoids of endophytic hosts. American Naturalist 126: 440-444.
10. Gerling, D., 1966. Studies with whitefly parasites of Southern California. II. Eretmocerus californicus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Canadian Entomologist 98: 1316-1329.
11. Gerling, D., 1983. Observations of the biologies and interrelationships of parasites attacking the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.), in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 24: 217-225.
12. Gerling, D., 1990. Natural enemies of whiteflies: Predators and parasitoids. In: D. Gerling (ed.),Whiteflies: their Bionomics, Pest status and Management. Intercept Ltd., Andover, UK., pp. 147-185.
13. Godfray, H. C. J., 1994. Parasitoids. Evolutionary and Behavioral Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
14. Godfray, H. C. J. & J. K. Waage, 1990. The evolution of highly skewed sex ratios in aphelinid wasps. The American Naturalist 136: 715-721.
15. Hassell, M. P., J. K. Waage & R. M. May, 1983. Variable parasitoid sex ratios and their effect on host-parasitoid dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology 52: 57-67.
16. Heinz, K. M. & J. M. Nelson, 1996. Interspecific interactions among natural enemies of Bemisia. Biological Control 6: 384-393.
17. Huffaker, C. B., F. J. Simmonds & J. E. Laing, 1976. The theoretical and empirical basis of biological control. In: C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press, New York, pp. 41-78.
18. Hunter, M. S., 1989. Suitability of stages of female Encarsia pergandiella [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae] for development of conspecific male hyperparasites. Entomophaga 34: 265-274.
19. Hunter, M. S., 1993. Sex allocation in a field population of an autoparasitoid. Oecologia 93: 421-428.
20. Hunter, M. S. & H. C. J. Godfray, 1995. Ecological determinants of sex ratio in an autoparasitoid wasp. Journal of Animal Ecology 64: 95-106.
21. Kakehashi, M., Y. Suzuki & Y. Iwasa, 1984. Niche overlap of parasitoids in host-parasitoid systems: Its consequence to single versus multiple introduction controversy in biological control. Journal of Applied Ecology 21: 115-131.
22. Luck, R. F., P. S. Messenger & J. F. Barbieri, 1981. The influence of hyperparasitism on the performance of biological control agents. In: D. Rosen (ed.), The Role of Hyperparasitism in Biological Control: a symposium. University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, Berkeley, CA., pp. 34-42.
23. Luck, R. F. & H. Podoler, 1985. Competitive exclusion of Aphytis lingnanensis by A. melinus: potential role of host size. Ecology 66: 904-913.
24. McAuslane, H. J., F. A. Johnson & D. A. Knauft, 1994. Population levels and parasitism of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on peanut cultivars. Environmental Entomology 23 (5): 1203-1210.
25. McCullagh, P. & J. A. Nelder, 1983. Generalized Linear Models. Chapman & Hall, London.
26. Mills, N. J. & A. P. Gutierrez, 1996. Prospective modelling in biological control: An analysis of the dynamics of heteronomous hyperparasitism in a cotton-whitefly-parasitoid system. Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 1379-1394.
27. Murdoch, W. M., 1990. The relevance of pest-enemy models to biological control, In: M. Mackauer, L. E. Ehler & J. Roland (eds.), Critical issues in Biological Control. Intercept Limited, Andover, Hants, pp. 1-24.
28. Murdoch, W. W. & C. J. Briggs, 1996. Theory for biological control: recent developments. Ecology 77: 2001-2013.
29. Murdoch, W. W., C. J. Briggs & R. M. Nisbet, 1996. Competitive displacement and biological control in parasitoids: a model. American Naturalist 148: 807-826.
30. Nechols, J. R. & M. J. Tauber, 1977. Age-specific interaction between the greenhouse whitefly and Encarsia formosa: Influence of host on the parasite's oviposition and development. Environmental Entomology 6: 143-149.
31. Pedata, P. A. & M. S. Hunter, 1996. Secondary host choice by the autoparasitoid Encarsia pergandiella Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 81: 207-214.
32. Roltsch, W. J., G. S. Simmons & K. A. Hoelmer, 1998. Establishment of introduced Encarsia species in Imperial Valley, CA. Silverleaf Whitefly: National Research, Action, and Technology Transfer Plan (1997-2001), First Annual Review of the Second 5-Year Plan, Charleston, SC, USDA/ARS Publ. 125.
33. Rose, M. & P. DeBach, 1981. Citrus whitefly parasites established in California. California Agriculture 36 (7 & 8): 21-23.
34. Rose, M. & P. DeBach, 1991-1992. Biological control of Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in California. Israel Journal of Entomology 25-26: 73-95.
35. Rose, M. & G. Zolnerowich, 1997. Eretmocerus Haldeman (Hymenoptera; Aphelinidae) in the United States, with descriptions of new species attacking Bemisia (tabaci complex) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 99: 1-27.
36. Rosen, D., 1981. Some concluding remarks. In: D. Rosen (ed.), The Role of Hyperparasitism in Biological Control: a Symposium. University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, Berkeley, CA., pp. 50-52.
37. Smith, H. S., 1916. An attempt to redefine the host relationships exhibited by entomophagous insects. Journal of Economic Entomology 9: 477-486.
38. Thompson, C. R., J. A. Cornell & R. I. Sailer, 1987. Interactions of parasites and hyperparasites in biological control of citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), in Florida. Environmental Entomology 16: 140-144.
39. Turnbull, A. L. & D. A. Chant, 1961. The practice and theory of biological control of insects in Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 39: 697-753.
40. Walter, G. H., 1983. 'Divergent male ontogenies' in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 19: 63-82.
41. Wilk, B. M. & C. Y. Kitayama, 1981. Host stage preference for deposition of male eggs by Coccophagus cowperi [Hym.: Aphelinidae]. Entomophaga 26: 313-318.
42. Williams, J. R., 1977. Some features of sex-linked hyperparasitism in Aphelinidae [Hymenoptera]. Entomophaga 22: 345-350.
43. Williams, T., 1991. Host selection and sex ratio in a heteronomous hyperparasitoid. Ecological Entomology 16: 377-386.
44. Williams, T., 1996a. A test of kin recognition in a heteronomous hyperparasitoid. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 81: 239-241.
45. Williams, T., 1996b. Invasion and displacement of experimental populations of a conventional parasitoid by a heteronomous hyperparasitoid. Biocontrol Science and Technology 6: 603-618.
46. Williams, T. & A. Polaszek, 1995. A re-examination of host relations in the Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 35-45.
47. Zar, J. H., 1996. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc., London.