메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1379-1394

Prospective modelling in biological control: An analysis of the dynamics of heteronomous hyperparasitism in a cotton-whitefly-parasitoid system

Author keywords

autoparasitism; Bemisia; Encarsia; Eretmocerus; tritrophic population model

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; COTTON; PARASITOID; TRITROPHIC MODEL; WHITEFLY;

EID: 0030302621     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2404778     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 6544223739 scopus 로고
    • Studies on Prospaltella lutea Masi, a primary parasite of the cotton whitefly. Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in Egypt
    • Abdel-Fattah, M.I., Hendi, A., Kolaib, M.O. & El-Said. A. (1984) Studies on Prospaltella lutea Masi, a primary parasite of the cotton whitefly. Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) in Egypt. Bulletin de la Sociéte Entomologique d'Egypte, 65, 119-129.
    • (1984) Bulletin de la Sociéte Entomologique d'Egypte , vol.65 , pp. 119-129
    • Abdel-Fattah, M.I.1    Hendi, A.2    Kolaib, M.O.3    El-Said, A.4
  • 2
    • 84956423530 scopus 로고
    • Egg allocation and host stage preference at constant temperatures in Encarsia tricolor
    • Artigues, M., Avilla, J , Sarasúa, M.J. & Albajes, R. (1992) Egg allocation and host stage preference at constant temperatures in Encarsia tricolor. Entomophaga, 36, 107-116.
    • (1992) Entomophaga , vol.36 , pp. 107-116
    • Artigues, M.1    Avilla, J.2    Sarasúa, M.J.3    Albajes, R.4
  • 3
    • 0026273374 scopus 로고
    • Egg allocation of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor at different relative densities of primary host (Trialeurodes vapotartorum) and two secondary hosts (Encarsia formosa and E. tricolor)
    • Avilla, J., Anadón, J., Sarasúa, M.J. & Albajes, R. (1992) Egg allocation of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor at different relative densities of primary host (Trialeurodes vapotartorum) and two secondary hosts (Encarsia formosa and E. tricolor). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 59, 219-227.
    • (1992) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.59 , pp. 219-227
    • Avilla, J.1    Anadón, J.2    Sarasúa, M.J.3    Albajes, R.4
  • 4
    • 84981865479 scopus 로고
    • Effects of host stage on the development of the facultative autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
    • Avilla, J & Copland, M.J.W. (1987) Effects of host stage on the development of the facultative autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Annals of Applied Biology, 110, 381-389.
    • (1987) Annals of Applied Biology , vol.110 , pp. 381-389
    • Avilla, J.1    Copland, M.J.W.2
  • 5
    • 0000620025 scopus 로고
    • On the dynamics of host-parasite-hyperparasite interactions
    • Beddington, J.R. & Hammond, P.S. (1977) On the dynamics of host-parasite-hyperparasite interactions. Journal of Animal Ecology, 46, 811-821.
    • (1977) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 811-821
    • Beddington, J.R.1    Hammond, P.S.2
  • 6
    • 0003016995 scopus 로고
    • Hyperparasitism in the practice of biological control
    • ed. D. Rosen, Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California
    • Bennett, F.D. (1981) Hyperparasitism in the practice of biological control. The Role of Hyperparasitism in Biological Control: A Symposium (ed. D. Rosen), pp. 43-49, Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California.
    • (1981) The Role of Hyperparasitism in Biological Control: A Symposium , pp. 43-49
    • Bennett, F.D.1
  • 7
    • 0001460455 scopus 로고
    • Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): development, oviposition and longevity in relation to temperature
    • Butler, G.D., Henneberry, T.J. & Clayton, T.E. (1983) Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae): development, oviposition and longevity in relation to temperature. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76, 310-313.
    • (1983) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.76 , pp. 310-313
    • Butler, G.D.1    Henneberry, T.J.2    Clayton, T.E.3
  • 8
    • 0002232713 scopus 로고
    • Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: A world review
    • USDA, Washington D.C.
    • Clausen, C.P. (1978) Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a world review. USDA Handbook No. 480 USDA, Washington D.C.
    • (1978) USDA Handbook , vol.480
    • Clausen, C.P.1
  • 9
    • 0011795101 scopus 로고
    • Protocols for the introduction of biological control agents in the US
    • ed. R. P. Kahn, CRC Press, Baton Rouge, USA
    • Coulson, J.R. & Soper, R.S. (1989) Protocols for the introduction of biological control agents in the US. Plant Protection and Quarantine, Vol. 3 (ed. R. P. Kahn), pp 1-35. CRC Press, Baton Rouge, USA.
    • (1989) Plant Protection and Quarantine , vol.3 , pp. 1-35
    • Coulson, J.R.1    Soper, R.S.2
  • 11
    • 0002592237 scopus 로고
    • Successes, trends, and future possibilities
    • ed. P. DeBach, Reinhold Publishing, New York
    • DeBach, P. (1964) Successes, trends, and future possibilities. Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds (ed. P. DeBach), pp. 673-713. Reinhold Publishing, New York.
    • (1964) Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds , pp. 673-713
    • DeBach, P.1
  • 13
    • 0026002342 scopus 로고
    • Host population structure affects field sex ratios of the heteronomous hyperparasitoid, Coccophagus atratus
    • Donaldson, J.S. & Walter, G.H. (1991) Host population structure affects field sex ratios of the heteronomous hyperparasitoid, Coccophagus atratus. Ecological Entomology, 16, 35-44.
    • (1991) Ecological Entomology , vol.16 , pp. 35-44
    • Donaldson, J.S.1    Walter, G.H.2
  • 14
    • 0002441249 scopus 로고
    • Some biological control concepts and questions
    • ed. P. DeBach, Reinhold Publishing, New York
    • Doutt, R.L. & DeBach, P. (1964) Some biological control concepts and questions. Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds (ed. P. DeBach), pp. 118-167. Reinhold Publishing, New York.
    • (1964) Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds , pp. 118-167
    • Doutt, R.L.1    DeBach, P.2
  • 15
    • 0001155150 scopus 로고
    • Searching and ovipositional behavior of Amitus hesperidum [Hym.: Platygasteridae] and Encarsia opulenta [Hym., Aphelinidae] parasitoids of the citrus blackfly [Hom., Aleyrodidae]
    • Dowell, R.V., Puckett, D. & Johnson, M. (1981) Searching and ovipositional behavior of Amitus hesperidum [Hym.: Platygasteridae] and Encarsia opulenta [Hym., Aphelinidae] parasitoids of the citrus blackfly [Hom., Aleyrodidae]. Entomophaga, 26, 233-239.
    • (1981) Entomophaga , vol.26 , pp. 233-239
    • Dowell, R.V.1    Puckett, D.2    Johnson, M.3
  • 16
    • 0001438139 scopus 로고
    • Utility of facultative secondary parasites in biological control
    • Ehler, L.E. (1979) Utility of facultative secondary parasites in biological control. Environmental Entomology, 8, 829-832.
    • (1979) Environmental Entomology , vol.8 , pp. 829-832
    • Ehler, L.E.1
  • 18
    • 0344312677 scopus 로고
    • Indirect hyperparasitism and observations on three species of indirect hyperparasites
    • Flanders, S.E. (1943) Indirect hyperparasitism and observations on three species of indirect hyperparasites. Journal of Economic Entomology, 36, 921-926.
    • (1943) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.36 , pp. 921-926
    • Flanders, S.E.1
  • 19
    • 0000673450 scopus 로고
    • Herbert Smith's observations on citrus blackfly parasites in India and Mexico and the correlated circumstances
    • Flanders, S.E. (1969) Herbert Smith's observations on citrus blackfly parasites in India and Mexico and the correlated circumstances. Canadian Entomologist, 101, 467-480.
    • (1969) Canadian Entomologist , vol.101 , pp. 467-480
    • Flanders, S.E.1
  • 20
    • 0001386004 scopus 로고
    • The parasitoids of the aleyrodid Bemista tabaci in Israel. Development, host preference and discrimination of the aphelinid Eretmocerus mundus
    • Foltyn, S. & Gerling, D (1985) The parasitoids of the aleyrodid Bemista tabaci in Israel. Development, host preference and discrimination of the aphelinid Eretmocerus mundus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 38, 255-260.
    • (1985) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata , vol.38 , pp. 255-260
    • Foltyn, S.1    Gerling, D.2
  • 21
    • 0000309013 scopus 로고
    • Studies on whitefly parasitoids of southern California. I. Encarsia pergandiella Howard (Hym.: Aphelinidae)
    • Gerling, D. (1966a) Studies on whitefly parasitoids of southern California. I. Encarsia pergandiella Howard (Hym.: Aphelinidae). Canadian Entomologist, 98, 707-724.
    • (1966) Canadian Entomologist , vol.98 , pp. 707-724
    • Gerling, D.1
  • 22
    • 0000309012 scopus 로고
    • Studies on whitefly parasitoids of southern California II. Eretmocerus californicus Howard (Hym.: Aphelinidae)
    • Gerling, D. (1966b) Studies on whitefly parasitoids of southern California II. Eretmocerus californicus Howard (Hym.: Aphelinidae). Canadian Entomologist, 98, 1316-1329.
    • (1966) Canadian Entomologist , vol.98 , pp. 1316-1329
    • Gerling, D.1
  • 23
    • 0002082244 scopus 로고
    • Natural enemies of whiteflies, predators and parasitoids Whiteflies
    • ed. D. Gerling, Intercept, Andover
    • Gerling, D. (1992) Natural enemies of whiteflies, predators and parasitoids Whiteflies. Their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management (ed. D. Gerling), pp. 147-185. Intercept, Andover.
    • (1992) Their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management , pp. 147-185
    • Gerling, D.1
  • 24
    • 0012988294 scopus 로고
    • Development and host preference of Encarsia lutea (Mast) and interspecific host discrimination with Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelimdae) parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
    • Gerling, D. & Foltyn, S (1987) Development and host preference of Encarsia lutea (Mast) and interspecific host discrimination with Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelimdae) parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 103, 425-433.
    • (1987) Journal of Applied Entomology , vol.103 , pp. 425-433
    • Gerling, D.1    Foltyn, S.2
  • 25
    • 0000072663 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of highly skewed sex ratios in aphelinid wasps
    • Godfray, H.C.J. & Waage, J.K. (1990) The evolution of highly skewed sex ratios in aphelinid wasps. American Naturalist, 136, 715-721.
    • (1990) American Naturalist , vol.136 , pp. 715-721
    • Godfray, H.C.J.1    Waage, J.K.2
  • 26
    • 0026273679 scopus 로고
    • Predictive modelling in biological control: The mango mealy bug (Rastrococcus invadens) and its parasitoids
    • Godfray, H.C.J. & Waage, J.K. (1991) Predictive modelling in biological control: the mango mealy bug (Rastrococcus invadens) and its parasitoids. Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 434-453.
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 434-453
    • Godfray, H.C.J.1    Waage, J.K.2
  • 27
    • 0027036934 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of Siphoninus phillyreae in California in the presence and absence of a parasitoid, Encarsia partenopea
    • Gould, J.R., Bellows, T.S & Paine, T.D. (1992) Population dynamics of Siphoninus phillyreae in California in the presence and absence of a parasitoid, Encarsia partenopea. Ecological Entomology, 17, 127-134.
    • (1992) Ecological Entomology , vol.17 , pp. 127-134
    • Gould, J.R.1    Bellows, T.S.2    Paine, T.D.3
  • 28
    • 0002426311 scopus 로고
    • Parasitoids in classical biological control
    • eds J. Waage & D. Greathead, Academic Press, London
    • Greathead, D.J. (1986) Parasitoids in classical biological control. Insect Parasitoids (eds J. Waage & D. Greathead), pp. 289-317. Academic Press, London.
    • (1986) Insect Parasitoids , pp. 289-317
    • Greathead, D.J.1
  • 29
    • 0011120990 scopus 로고
    • Biological control as an introduction phenomenon: A preliminary examination of programs against Homoptera
    • Greathead, D.J. (1989) Biological control as an introduction phenomenon: a preliminary examination of programs against Homoptera. Entomologist, 108, 28-37.
    • (1989) Entomologist , vol.108 , pp. 28-37
    • Greathead, D.J.1
  • 30
    • 0002045388 scopus 로고
    • Biological control of insect pests by insect parasitoids and predators: The BIOCAT database
    • Greathead, D.J. & Greathead, A. (1992) Biological control of insect pests by insect parasitoids and predators: the BIOCAT database. Biocontrol News and Information, 13, 61N-68N.
    • (1992) Biocontrol News and Information , vol.13
    • Greathead, D.J.1    Greathead, A.2
  • 31
    • 0010313209 scopus 로고
    • Multitrophic level models of predator-prey energetics. I. Age-specific energetics models - Pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae) as an example
    • Gutierrez, A.P. & Baumgärtner, J.U. (1984) Multitrophic level models of predator-prey energetics. I. Age-specific energetics models - pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae) as an example. Canadian Entomologist, 116, 924-932.
    • (1984) Canadian Entomologist , vol.116 , pp. 924-932
    • Gutierrez, A.P.1    Baumgärtner, J.U.2
  • 32
    • 0001776623 scopus 로고
    • A conceptual model for growth, development and reproduction in the ladybird beetle Hippodamia convergens G.-M. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera)
    • Gutierrez, A.P., Baumgärtner, J.U. & Hagen, K.S. (1981) A conceptual model for growth, development and reproduction in the ladybird beetle Hippodamia convergens G.-M. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera). Canadian Entomologist, 113, 21-33.
    • (1981) Canadian Entomologist , vol.113 , pp. 21-33
    • Gutierrez, A.P.1    Baumgärtner, J.U.2    Hagen, K.S.3
  • 33
    • 0026304292 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the interaction of cotton and the cotton boll weevil. I. Cotton growth and development: A comparison of growth and development of varieties
    • Gutierrez, A P , Dos Santos, W.J., Villacorta, A.M., Pizzamiglio, M A., Ellis, C K., Carvalho, L.H. & Stone, N.D. (1991) Modelling the interaction of cotton and the cotton boll weevil. I. Cotton growth and development: a comparison of growth and development of varieties. Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 371-397.
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 371-397
    • Gutierrez, A.P.1    Dos Santos, W.J.2    Villacorta, A.M.3    Pizzamiglio, M.A.4    Ellis, C.K.5    Carvalho, L.H.6    Stone, N.D.7
  • 34
    • 0000620786 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of cotton production in California: A model for Acala cotton and the effects of defoliators on its yield
    • Gutierrez, A.P., Falcon, L.A., Loew, W., Leipiz, P.A. & van den Bosch, R. (1975) An analysis of cotton production in California: a model for Acala cotton and the effects of defoliators on its yield. Environmental Entomology, 4, 125-136.
    • (1975) Environmental Entomology , vol.4 , pp. 125-136
    • Gutierrez, A.P.1    Falcon, L.A.2    Loew, W.3    Leipiz, P.A.4    Van Den Bosch, R.5
  • 35
    • 0002405898 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the impact of natural enemies: A multitrophic perspective
    • eds M. Mackauer, L. E. Ehler & J. Roland, Intercept. Andover, England
    • Gutierrez, A P., Hagen, K. S. & Ellis, C.K. (1990) Evaluating the impact of natural enemies: a multitrophic perspective. Critical Issues in Biological Control (eds M. Mackauer, L. E. Ehler & J. Roland), pp. 81-109. Intercept. Andover, England.
    • (1990) Critical Issues in Biological Control , pp. 81-109
    • Gutierrez, A.P.1    Hagen, K.S.2    Ellis, C.K.3
  • 36
    • 0028165492 scopus 로고
    • A physiological perspective on bottom up-top down regulation of populations
    • Gutierrez, A P., Mills, N.J., Schreiber, S.J. & Ellis, C.K. (1994) A physiological perspective on bottom up-top down regulation of populations. Ecology, 75, 2227-2242.
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 2227-2242
    • Gutierrez, A.P.1    Mills, N.J.2    Schreiber, S.J.3    Ellis, C.K.4
  • 37
    • 0027331216 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting biological control of cassava mealybug by exotic parasitoids: A ratio-dependent supply demand driven model
    • Gutierrez, A.P., Neuenschwander, P. & van Alphen, J.J.M (1993) Factors affecting biological control of cassava mealybug by exotic parasitoids: a ratio-dependent supply demand driven model. Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, 706-721.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.30 , pp. 706-721
    • Gutierrez, A.P.1    Neuenschwander, P.2    Van Alphen, J.J.M.3
  • 40
    • 0021035038 scopus 로고
    • Variable parasitoid sex ratios and their effect on host-parasitoid dynamics
    • Hassell, M.P., Waage, J.K. & May, R.M. (1983) Variable parasitoid sex ratios and their effect on host-parasitoid dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology, 52, 889-904.
    • (1983) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 889-904
    • Hassell, M.P.1    Waage, J.K.2    May, R.M.3
  • 42
    • 0000714365 scopus 로고
    • Release of the parasitic wasp, Encarsia lahorensis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), for control of citrus whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on gardenia in Alabama
    • Hudson, W.G. & Williams, M.L. (1986) Release of the parasitic wasp, Encarsia lahorensis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), for control of citrus whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on gardenia in Alabama. Environmental Entomology, 15, 585-589.
    • (1986) Environmental Entomology , vol.15 , pp. 585-589
    • Hudson, W.G.1    Williams, M.L.2
  • 43
    • 0026579951 scopus 로고
    • Playing chutes and ladders: Heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities
    • Hunter, M.D. & Price, P.W. (1992) Playing chutes and ladders: heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology, 73. 724-732.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 724-732
    • Hunter, M.D.1    Price, P.W.2
  • 44
    • 0024937689 scopus 로고
    • Suitability of stages of female Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for development of conspecific male hyperparasites
    • Hunter, M.S. (1989a) Suitability of stages of female Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for development of conspecific male hyperparasites. Entomophaga, 34, 265-274.
    • (1989) Entomophaga , vol.34 , pp. 265-274
    • Hunter, M.S.1
  • 45
    • 0024527695 scopus 로고
    • Sex allocation and egg distribution of an autoparasitoid, Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
    • Hunter, M.S. (1989b) Sex allocation and egg distribution of an autoparasitoid, Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Ecological Entomology, 14, 57-67.
    • (1989) Ecological Entomology , vol.14 , pp. 57-67
    • Hunter, M.S.1
  • 46
    • 0027837962 scopus 로고
    • Sex allocation in a field population of an autoparasitoid
    • Hunter, M.S. (1993) Sex allocation in a field population of an autoparasitoid. Oecologia, 93, 421-428.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.93 , pp. 421-428
    • Hunter, M.S.1
  • 47
    • 3242661307 scopus 로고
    • The role of an autoparasitic aphelinid. Coccophagoides utilis Doutt, in the control of Parlatoria oleae (Colvee)
    • Kennett, C.E., Huffaker, C.B. & Finney, G.L. (1966) The role of an autoparasitic aphelinid. Coccophagoides utilis Doutt, in the control of Parlatoria oleae (Colvee). Hilgardia, 37, 255-282.
    • (1966) Hilgardia , vol.37 , pp. 255-282
    • Kennett, C.E.1    Huffaker, C.B.2    Finney, G.L.3
  • 48
    • 0024897102 scopus 로고
    • The effects of host-feeding behaviour on the dynamics of parasitoid-host interactions, and the implications for biological control
    • Kidd, N.A.C. & Jervis, M.A (1989) The effects of host-feeding behaviour on the dynamics of parasitoid-host interactions, and the implications for biological control. Researches in Population Ecology, 31, 235-274.
    • (1989) Researches in Population Ecology , vol.31 , pp. 235-274
    • Kidd, N.A.C.1    Jervis, M.A.2
  • 49
    • 0000157811 scopus 로고
    • Biological and integrated pest control in greenhouses
    • Lenteren, J.C. van & Woets, J. (1988) Biological and integrated pest control in greenhouses. Annual Review of Entomology, 33, 239-270.
    • (1988) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.33 , pp. 239-270
    • Van Lenteren, J.C.1    Woets, J.2
  • 50
    • 0343776698 scopus 로고
    • The influence of hyperparasitism on the performance of biological control agents
    • ed D. Rosen, Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, USA
    • Luck, R.F., Messenger, P.S. & Barbieri, J. (1981) The influence of hyperparasitism on the performance of biological control agents. The Role of Hyperparasitism in Biological Control. A Symposium (ed D. Rosen), pp. 34-42. Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, USA.
    • (1981) The Role of Hyperparasitism in Biological Control. A Symposium , pp. 34-42
    • Luck, R.F.1    Messenger, P.S.2    Barbieri, J.3
  • 51
    • 0001714305 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of multiparasitoid-host interactions
    • May, R.M. & Hassell, M.P. (1981) The dynamics of multiparasitoid-host interactions. American Naturalist, 117, 234-261.
    • (1981) American Naturalist , vol.117 , pp. 234-261
    • May, R.M.1    Hassell, M.P.2
  • 53
    • 0001337525 scopus 로고
    • Biological control: Some emerging trends
    • eds S. Leather, A. D. Watt, N. J. Mills & K. E. F. Walters, Intercept, Andover
    • Mills, N.J (1994) Biological control: some emerging trends. Individuals, Populations and Patterns in Ecology (eds S. Leather, A. D. Watt, N. J. Mills & K. E. F. Walters), pp. 213-222. Intercept, Andover.
    • (1994) Individuals, Populations and Patterns in Ecology , pp. 213-222
    • Mills, N.J.1
  • 55
    • 0002217802 scopus 로고
    • The relevance of pest-enemy models to biological control
    • eds M. Mackauer, L. E Ehler & J. Roland, Intercept. Andover
    • Murdoch, W.W. (1990) The relevance of pest-enemy models to biological control Critical Issues in Biological Control (eds M. Mackauer, L. E Ehler & J. Roland), pp. 1-24. Intercept. Andover.
    • (1990) Critical Issues in Biological Control , pp. 1-24
    • Murdoch, W.W.1
  • 56
    • 0003230719 scopus 로고
    • Population density of the citrus blackfly. Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Homoptera. Aleyrodidae), and its parasites in urban Florida in 1979-1981
    • Nguyen, R., Brazzel, J.R & Poucher, C. (1983) Population density of the citrus blackfly. Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Homoptera. Aleyrodidae), and its parasites in urban Florida in 1979-1981. Environmental Entomology, 12, 878-884.
    • (1983) Environmental Entomology , vol.12 , pp. 878-884
    • Nguyen, R.1    Brazzel, J.R.2    Poucher, C.3
  • 57
    • 0005132908 scopus 로고
    • Facultative hyperparasitism and sex determination of Encarsia smithi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
    • Nguyen, R. & Sailer, R.I. (1987) Facultative hyperparasitism and sex determination of Encarsia smithi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80, 713-719.
    • (1987) Annals of the Entomological Society of America , vol.80 , pp. 713-719
    • Nguyen, R.1    Sailer, R.I.2
  • 58
    • 0027086225 scopus 로고
    • Preimaginal development and survival of Bemista tabaci on cotton and cucumber
    • Powell, D.A & Bellows, T S. (1992a) Preimaginal development and survival of Bemista tabaci on cotton and cucumber. Environmental Entomology, 21, 359-363.
    • (1992) Environmental Entomology , vol.21 , pp. 359-363
    • Powell, D.A.1    Bellows, T.S.2
  • 59
    • 85024978760 scopus 로고
    • Adult longevity, fertility and population growth rates for Bemisia tabaci on two host plant species
    • Powell, D.A. & Bellows, T.S. (1992b) Adult longevity, fertility and population growth rates for Bemisia tabaci on two host plant species Journal of Applied Entomology, 113, 68-78.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Entomology , vol.113 , pp. 68-78
    • Powell, D.A.1    Bellows, T.S.2
  • 60
    • 0027043888 scopus 로고
    • Development and reproduction of two populations of Eretmoterus species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemista tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
    • Powell, D.A. & Bellows, T.S (1992c) Development and reproduction of two populations of Eretmoterus species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemista tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Environmental Entomology, 21, 651-658.
    • (1992) Environmental Entomology , vol.21 , pp. 651-658
    • Powell, D.A.1    Bellows, T.S.2
  • 61
    • 0002092557 scopus 로고
    • Plant resources as the mechanistic basis for insect herbivore population dynamics
    • eds M. D. Hunter, T. Ohgushi & P. W. Price, Academic Press, San Diego, USA
    • Price, P.W. (1992) Plant resources as the mechanistic basis for insect herbivore population dynamics. Effects of Resource Distribution on Animal-Plant Interactions (eds M. D. Hunter, T. Ohgushi & P. W. Price), pp. 139-173. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
    • (1992) Effects of Resource Distribution on Animal-Plant Interactions , pp. 139-173
    • Price, P.W.1
  • 63
    • 0003158838 scopus 로고
    • Biological control of Parabemista myricae (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in California
    • Rose, M. & DeBach, P. (1992) Biological control of Parabemista myricae (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in California. Israel Journal of Entomology, 26, 73-95.
    • (1992) Israel Journal of Entomology , vol.26 , pp. 73-95
    • Rose, M.1    DeBach, P.2
  • 65
    • 51649171552 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of models for predation and parasitism
    • Royama, T. (1971) A comparative study of models for predation and parasitism. Researches in Population Ecology, Supplement, 1, 1-91.
    • (1971) Researches in Population Ecology, Supplement , vol.1 , pp. 1-91
    • Royama, T.1
  • 66
    • 0010458194 scopus 로고
    • Theory and practice of parameter estimation of distributed delay-models for insect and plant phenologies
    • eds R. Guzzi, A. Navarra & J. Shukla, World Scientific and International Publishers, Singapore
    • Sevenni, M., Baumgärtner, J.U. & Ricca, M. (1990) Theory and practice of parameter estimation of distributed delay-models for insect and plant phenologies. Meteorology and Environmental Sciences (eds R. Guzzi, A. Navarra & J. Shukla), pp. 674-719. World Scientific and International Publishers, Singapore.
    • (1990) Meteorology and Environmental Sciences , pp. 674-719
    • Sevenni, M.1    Baumgärtner, J.U.2    Ricca, M.3
  • 67
    • 0011214262 scopus 로고
    • Effect of some factors on the relationship between the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera Aleyrodidae) and the parasitoid Ereimocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera. Aphelinidae)
    • Sharaf, N.S. & Batta, Y. (1985) Effect of some factors on the relationship between the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera Aleyrodidae) and the parasitoid Ereimocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera. Aphelinidae). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 99, 267-276.
    • (1985) Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie , vol.99 , pp. 267-276
    • Sharaf, N.S.1    Batta, Y.2
  • 68
    • 0006040566 scopus 로고
    • An attempt to redefine the host relationships exhibited by entomophagous insects
    • Smith, H.S. (1916) An attempt to redefine the host relationships exhibited by entomophagous insects Journal of Economic Entomology, 9, 477-486.
    • (1916) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.9 , pp. 477-486
    • Smith, H.S.1
  • 71
    • 0000441244 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of parasites and a hyperparasite in biological control of citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), in Florida
    • Thompson, C.R., Cornell, J.A. & Sailer, R.I. (1987) Interactions of parasites and a hyperparasite in biological control of citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), in Florida. Environmental Entomology, 16, 140-144.
    • (1987) Environmental Entomology , vol.16 , pp. 140-144
    • Thompson, C.R.1    Cornell, J.A.2    Sailer, R.I.3
  • 72
    • 0001174707 scopus 로고
    • The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa Gah. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Trialeurodes vaporartorum (Westw.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). X. A comparison of three Encarsia spp. and one Ereimocerus sp. to estimate their potentialities in controlling whitefly on tomatoes in greenhouses with a low temperature regime
    • Vet, L.M. & Lenteren, J C. van (1981) The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa Gah. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Trialeurodes vaporartorum (Westw.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). X. A comparison of three Encarsia spp. and one Ereimocerus sp. to estimate their potentialities in controlling whitefly on tomatoes in greenhouses with a low temperature regime. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 91, 327-348.
    • (1981) Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie , vol.91 , pp. 327-348
    • Vet, L.M.1    Van Lenteren, J.C.2
  • 73
    • 8044230113 scopus 로고
    • Hyperparasitism and sex differentiation m the Aphelinidae
    • ed. D. Rosen, Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, USA
    • Viggiani, G. (1981) Hyperparasitism and sex differentiation m the Aphelinidae. The Role of Hyperparasitism in Biological Control, a Symposium (ed. D. Rosen), pp. 19-26. Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, USA.
    • (1981) The Role of Hyperparasitism in Biological Control. A Symposium , pp. 19-26
    • Viggiani, G.1
  • 74
    • 0021597813 scopus 로고
    • Bionomics of the Aphelinidae
    • Viggiani, G. (1984) Bionomics of the Aphelinidae. Annual Review of Entomology, 29, 257-276.
    • (1984) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.29 , pp. 257-276
    • Viggiani, G.1
  • 75
    • 8044242986 scopus 로고
    • The natural enemies, endoparasites, Aphelinidae
    • ed D Rosen, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland
    • Viggiani, G. (1990) The natural enemies, endoparasites, Aphelinidae. Armored Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Part B (ed D Rosen), pp. 121-132. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland.
    • (1990) Armored Scale Insects Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control , Issue.PART B , pp. 121-132
    • Viggiani, G.1
  • 76
    • 0013204621 scopus 로고
    • Recent cases of interspecific competition between parasitoids of the family Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
    • Viggiani, G. (1994) Recent cases of interspecific competition between parasitoids of the family Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Supplement, 16, 353-359.
    • (1994) Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Supplement , vol.16 , pp. 353-359
    • Viggiani, G.1
  • 77
    • 0000213934 scopus 로고
    • Developmental biology of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Sternorryncha, Aleyrodidae) on cotton at constant temperatures
    • Von Arx, R., Baumgärtner, J. & Delucchi, V. (1983) Developmental biology of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Sternorryncha, Aleyrodidae) on cotton at constant temperatures. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de la Suisse, 56, 389-399.
    • (1983) Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de la Suisse , vol.56 , pp. 389-399
    • Von Arx, R.1    Baumgärtner, J.2    Delucchi, V.3
  • 78
    • 0001849776 scopus 로고
    • Ecological theory and the selection of biological control agents
    • eds M. Mackauer, L. E Ehler & J. Roland, Intercept, Andover
    • Waage, J.K. (1990) Ecological theory and the selection of biological control agents. Critical Issues in Biological Control (eds M. Mackauer, L. E Ehler & J. Roland), pp. 135-157. Intercept, Andover.
    • (1990) Critical Issues in Biological Control , pp. 135-157
    • Waage, J.K.1
  • 80
    • 0001808290 scopus 로고
    • 'Divergent male ontogenies' in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence
    • Walter, G.H. (1983) 'Divergent male ontogenies' in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 19, 63-82.
    • (1983) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.19 , pp. 63-82
    • Walter, G.H.1
  • 82
    • 0005180302 scopus 로고
    • Some features of sex-linked hyperparasitism in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera)
    • Williams, J.R. (1977) Some features of sex-linked hyperparasitism in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) Entomophaga, 22, 345-350.
    • (1977) Entomophaga , vol.22 , pp. 345-350
    • Williams, J.R.1
  • 83
    • 0026278082 scopus 로고
    • Host selection and sex ratio in a heteronomous hyperparasitoid
    • Williams, T. (1991) Host selection and sex ratio in a heteronomous hyperparasitoid. Ecological Entomology, 16, 377-386.
    • (1991) Ecological Entomology , vol.16 , pp. 377-386
    • Williams, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.