Dynamics of core competencies in leading multinational companies

California Management Review

Volumn , Issue 4, 1998, Pages 117-132

  Mascarenhas, Briance ^a   Baveja, Alok ^a   Jamil, Mamnoon ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032361031     PISSN: 00081256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/41165967     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. C.K. Prahalad and G. Hamel, "The Core Competence of the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, (May/June 1990) 79-91.
2. J. Quinn and F.G. Hilmer, "Strategic Outsourcing," Sloan Management Review, (Summer 1994)
3. B. Wernerfelt, "A Resource-Based View of the Firm," Strategic Management Journal, 5/2 (1984): 171-180; L. Dierckx and K. Cool, "Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage," Management Science, 35 (December 1989): 1504-1511; D.J. Collis and C. Montgomery, "Competing on Resources," Harvard Business Review, (July/August 1995): 118-128.
4. B. Wernerfelt, "A Resource-Based View of the Firm," Strategic Management Journal, 5/2 (1984): 171-180; L. Dierckx and K. Cool, "Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage," Management Science, 35 (December 1989): 1504-1511; D.J. Collis and C. Montgomery, "Competing on Resources," Harvard Business Review, (July/August 1995): 118-128.
5. B. Wernerfelt, "A Resource-Based View of the Firm," Strategic Management Journal, 5/2 (1984): 171-180; L. Dierckx and K. Cool, "Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage," Management Science, 35 (December 1989): 1504-1511; D.J. Collis and C. Montgomery, "Competing on Resources," Harvard Business Review, (July/August 1995): 118-128.
6. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; J.B. Barney and M.H. Hansen, "Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 5-9; D. Levinthal and J. Myatt, "Co-Evolution of Capabilities and Industry: The Evolution of the Mutual Fund Processing," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 45-62; H. Rao, "The Social Construction of Reputation: Certification Contests, Legitimation, and the Survival of Organizations in the American Automobile Industry, 1895-1912," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 29-44; R. Henderson and I. Cockburn, "Measuring Competence? Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 63-84.
7. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; J.B. Barney and M.H. Hansen, "Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 5-9; D. Levinthal and J. Myatt, "Co-Evolution of Capabilities and Industry: The Evolution of the Mutual Fund Processing," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 45-62; H. Rao, "The Social Construction of Reputation: Certification Contests, Legitimation, and the Survival of Organizations in the American Automobile Industry, 1895-1912," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 29-44; R. Henderson and I. Cockburn, "Measuring Competence? Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 63-84.
8. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; J.B. Barney and M.H. Hansen, "Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 5-9; D. Levinthal and J. Myatt, "Co-Evolution of Capabilities and Industry: The Evolution of the Mutual Fund Processing," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 45-62; H. Rao, "The Social Construction of Reputation: Certification Contests, Legitimation, and the Survival of Organizations in the American Automobile Industry, 1895-1912," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 29-44; R. Henderson and I. Cockburn, "Measuring Competence? Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 63-84.
9. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; J.B. Barney and M.H. Hansen, "Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 5-9; D. Levinthal and J. Myatt, "Co-Evolution of Capabilities and Industry: The Evolution of the Mutual Fund Processing," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 45-62; H. Rao, "The Social Construction of Reputation: Certification Contests, Legitimation, and the Survival of Organizations in the American Automobile Industry, 1895-1912," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 29-44; R. Henderson and I. Cockburn, "Measuring Competence? Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 63-84.
10. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; J.B. Barney and M.H. Hansen, "Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 5-9; D. Levinthal and J. Myatt, "Co-Evolution of Capabilities and Industry: The Evolution of the Mutual Fund Processing," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 45-62; H. Rao, "The Social Construction of Reputation: Certification Contests, Legitimation, and the Survival of Organizations in the American Automobile Industry, 1895-1912," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 29-44; R. Henderson and I. Cockburn, "Measuring Competence? Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research," Strategic Management Journal, special issue on Competitive Organizational Behavior, 15 (Winter 1994): 63-84.
11. The outstanding firms studied have multiple competencies. The median number of competencies per firm is four, with the minimum being two and the maximum being five. Marino observed a similar number of competencies in the firms he studied. Multiple competencies can provide more sources of customer value and competitive advantage than a single competence. K.E. Marino, "Developing Consensus on Firm Competencies and Capabilities," Academy of Management Executive, 10/3 (1996): 40-51.
12. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; Marino, op. cit.; M. Treacy and F. Wiersema, The Discipline of Market Leaders (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995); Henderson and Cockburn, op. cit.; Collis and Montgomery, op. cit.; Levinthal and Myatt, op. cit.; Barney and Hansen, op. cit.
13. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; Marino, op. cit.; M. Treacy and F. Wiersema, The Discipline of Market Leaders (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995); Henderson and Cockburn, op. cit.; Collis and Montgomery, op. cit.; Levinthal and Myatt, op. cit.; Barney and Hansen, op. cit.
14. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; Marino, op. cit.; M. Treacy and F. Wiersema, The Discipline of Market Leaders (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995); Henderson and Cockburn, op. cit.; Collis and Montgomery, op. cit.; Levinthal and Myatt, op. cit.; Barney and Hansen, op. cit.
15. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; Marino, op. cit.; M. Treacy and F. Wiersema, The Discipline of Market Leaders (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995); Henderson and Cockburn, op. cit.; Collis and Montgomery, op. cit.; Levinthal and Myatt, op. cit.; Barney and Hansen, op. cit.
16. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; Marino, op. cit.; M. Treacy and F. Wiersema, The Discipline of Market Leaders (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995); Henderson and Cockburn, op. cit.; Collis and Montgomery, op. cit.; Levinthal and Myatt, op. cit.; Barney and Hansen, op. cit.
17. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; Marino, op. cit.; M. Treacy and F. Wiersema, The Discipline of Market Leaders (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995); Henderson and Cockburn, op. cit.; Collis and Montgomery, op. cit.; Levinthal and Myatt, op. cit.; Barney and Hansen, op. cit.
18. Prahalad and Hamel, op. cit.; Marino, op. cit.; M. Treacy and F. Wiersema, The Discipline of Market Leaders (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995); Henderson and Cockburn, op. cit.; Collis and Montgomery, op. cit.; Levinthal and Myatt, op. cit.; Barney and Hansen, op. cit.
19. R.E. Caves, Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
20. A.D. Gasbarre, "Merck & Co, Inc.," in T. Derdach, ed., International Directory of Company Histories (Chicago, IL: St. James Press, 1996), pp. 289-291; "Merck Wins the Hearts and Minds of Physicians' Most Admired," Medical Marketing & Media, January 22, 1997.
21. A.D. Gasbarre, "Merck & Co, Inc.," in T. Derdach, ed., International Directory of Company Histories (Chicago, IL: St. James Press, 1996), pp. 289-291; "Merck Wins the Hearts and Minds of Physicians' Most Admired," Medical Marketing & Media, January 22, 1997.
22. E.M. Hedblad, "Citicorp," in T. Derdach, ed., International Directory of Company Histories (Chicago, IL: St. James Press, 1996), pp. 123-126.