Evolution of the Modern Human Face: Aesthetic and Attributive Judgments of a Female Profile Warped Along a Continuum of Paedomorphic to Late Archaic Craniofacial Structure

Ecological Psychology

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-24

  Coss, Richard G ^a   Schowengerdt, Brian T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032344131     PISSN: 10407413     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s15326969eco1001_1     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Alley, T. R. (1983a). Age-related changes in body proportions, body size, and perceived cuteness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 56, 615-622.
2. Alley, T. R. (1983b). Infantile head shape as an elicitor of adult protection. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 29,411-427.
3. Alley, T. R. (1993). The developmental stability of facial attractiveness: New longitudinal data and a review. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. 39, 365-378.
4. Alley, T. R., & Cunningham, M. R. (1991). Averaged faces are attractive, but very attractive faces are not average. Psychological Science, 2, 123-125.
5. Ayala, F. J., Escalante, A., O'hUuigin, C., & Klein, J. (1994). Molecular genetics of speciation and human origins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91, 6787-6794.
6. Bar-Yosef, O. (1995). The role of climate in the interpretation of human movements and cultural transformations in western Asia. In E. S. Vrba, G. H. Denton, T. C. Partridge, & L H. Burckle (Eds.), Paleoclimate and evolution, with emphasis on human origins (pp. 507-523). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
7. Bermüdez de Castro, J. M., Arsuaga, J. L., Carbonell, E., Rosas, A., Martinez, I., & Mosquera, M. (1997). A hominid from the lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: Possible ancestor to Neandertals and modern humans. Science, 276, 1392-1395.
8. Berry, D. S., & Zebrowitz-McArthur, L. Z. (1988). What's in a face? Facial maturity and attribution of legal responsibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 23-33.
9. Brace, C. L. (1963). Structural reduction in evolution. The American Naturalist, 97, 39-49.
10. Brace, C. L. (1991). What big teeth you had grandmal Human tooth size, past and present. In M. A. Kelley & C. S. Larsen (Eds.), Advances in dental anthropology (pp. 33-57). New York: Wiley-Liss.
11. Bräuer, G. A. (1984). A craniological approach to the origin of anatomically modern Homo sapiens in Africa and implications for the appearance of modern Europeans. In F. H. Smith & F. Spencer (Eds.), The origins of modern humans (pp. 327-410). New York: Alan R. Liss.
12. Bräuer, G. A. (1992). Africa's place in the evolution of Homo sapiens. In G. Bräuer & F. H. Smith (Eds.), Continuity or replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens evolution (pp. 83-98). Rotterdam: Balkema.
13. Bushnell, I. W. R, Sai, F., & Mullin, J. T. (1989). Neonatal recognition of the mother's face. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 3-15.
14. Carello, C., Grosofsky, A., Shaw, R. E. Pittenger, J. B., & Mark, L. (1989). Attractiveness of facial profiles is a function of distance from archetype. Ecological Psychology, 1, 227-251.
15. Carey, S. (1981). The development efface perception. In G. Davies, H. Ellis, & J. Shepherd (Eds.), Perceiving and remembering faces (pp. 9-38). London: Academic.
16. Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. Menozzi, P., & Piazza, A. (1994). The history and geography of human genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
17. Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 98-101.
18. Coss, R. G. (1991). Evolutionary persistence of memory-like processes. Concepts in Neuroscience, 2, 129-168.
19. Coss, R. G. (in press). Effects of relaxed natural selection on the evolution of behavior. In S. A. Foster & J. A. Endler (Eds.), Geographic variation in behavior: Perspectives on evolutionary mechanisms. New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Coss, R G., & Biardi, J. E. (1997). Individual variation in the antisnake behavior of California ground squirrels (Sperrnophilusfceecheyi). Journal of Mammalogy, 73, 294-310.
21. Coss, R. G., & Goldthwaite, R. O. (1995). The persistence of old designs for perception. In N. S. Thompson (Ed.), Perspectives in ethology 11: Behavioral design (pp. 83-148). New York: Plenum.
22. Cunningham, M. R. (1986). Measuring the physical in physical attractiveness: Quasi-experiments on the sociobiology of female facial beauty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 925-935.
23. Cunningham, M. R., Druen, P. B., & Barbee, A. P. (1997). Angels, mentors, and friends: Trade-offs among evolutionary, social, and individual variables in physical appearance. In J. A. Simpson & D. T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolutionary social psychology (pp. 109-140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
24. Czarnecki, S., Nanda, R. S., & Currier, G. F. (1993). Perceptions of a balanced facial profile. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 104, 180-187.
25. Darlington, R. B., Weinberg, S. L. & Walberg, H. J. (1973). Canonical variate analysis and related techniques. Review of Educational Research, 43, 433-454.
26. Dean, M. C. (1985). Variation in the developing root cone angle of the permanent mandibular teeth of modern man and certain fossil hominids. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 68, 233-238.
27. Dean, M. C., Stringer, C. B., & Bromage, T. G. (1986). Age at death of the Neanderthal child from Devil's Tower, Gibraltar and the implications for studies of general growth and development in Neanderthals. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 70, 301-309.
28. De Beer, G. (1958). Embryos and ancestors (3rd ed.). Oxford, England: Clarendon.
29. Desimone, R (1991). Face-selective cells in the temporal cortex of monkeys. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3, 1-8 .
30. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1989). Human ethology. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
31. Ellis, H. D. (1975). Recognizing faces. British Journal of Psychology, 66, 409-426.
32. Farrow, A. L., Zarrinnia, K., & Azizi, K. (1993). Bimaxillary protrusion in Black Americans: An esthetic evaluation and the treatment considerations. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 104, 240-250.
33. Fujita, K. (1993). Development of visual preference for closely related species by infant and juvenile macaques with restricted social experience. Primates, 34, 141-150.
34. Gittins, R (1985). Canonical analysis: A review with applications in ecology. Berlin: Springer.
35. Godfrey, L. R., & Sutherland, M. R. (1996). Paradox of peramorphic paedomorphosis: Heterochrony and human evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 99, 17-42.
36. Gore, R (1996). The dawn of humans, Neandertals. National Geographic, 189, 3-35.
37. Goren, C. C., Sarty, M., & Wu, P. Y. K. (1975). Visual following and pattern discrimination of face-like stimuli by newborn infants. Pediatrics, 56, 544-549.
38. Grammer, K., & Thornhill, R (1994). Human (Homosapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: The role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 233-242.
39. Groves, C. P. (1989). A theory of human and primate evolution. Oxford, England: Clarendon.
40. Heilman, M. E., & Saruwatari, L. R. (1979). When beauty is beastly: The effects of appearance and sex on evaluations of job applicants for managerial and nonmanagerial jobs. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 23, 360-372.
41. Hrdy, S. B. (1997). Raising Darwin's consciousness, female sexuality and the prehominid origins of patriarchy. Human Nature, 8, 1-49.
42. Hsu, B. P. (1993). Comparisons of the five analytic reference lines of the horizontal lip position: Their consistency and sensitivity. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dantofacial Orthopedics, 104, 355-360.
43. Hunter, J. E., &. Schmidt, F. L. (1990). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
44. Jackson, L. A. (1983). The influence of sex, physical attractiveness, sex role, and occupational sex-linkage on perceptions of occupational suitability. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13, 31-44.
45. Jirari, C. G. (1971). Form perception, innate form preferences, and visually-mediated head-turning in the human neonate. Dissertation Abstracts International (University Microfilms No. AACT-22258).
46. Johnson, M. H., Dziurawiec, S., Ellis, H., & Morton, J. (1991). Newborns' preferential tracking of face-like stimuli and its subsequent decline. Cognition, 40, 1-19.
47. Johnston, V. S., & Franklin, M. (1993). Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Ethology and Sociobiology, 14, 183-199.
48. Jones, D. (1995). Sexual selection, physical attractiveness, and facial neoteny: Cross-cultural evidence and implications. Current Anthropology, 36, 723-748.
49. Keating, C. F. (1985). Gender and the physiognomy of dominance and attractiveness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 61-70.
50. Klein, R. G. (1989). The human career. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Kramer, A. (1993). Human taxonomic diversity in the Pleistocene: Does Homo erectus represent multiple hominid species? American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 91, 161-171.
52. Krings, M., Stone, A., Schmitz, R. W., Krainitzki, H., Stoneking, M., & Pääbo, S. (1997). Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modem humans. Cell, 90, 19-30.
53. Langlois, J. H., Ritter, J. M., Roggman, L. A., & Vaughn, L S. (1991). Facial diversity and infant preferences for attractive faces. Developmental Psychology, 27, 79-84.
54. Langlois, J. H., & Roggman, L. A.; (1990). Attractive faces are only average. Psychological Science, 1, 115-121.
55. Langlois, J. H., Roggman, L A., Casey, R. J., Ritter, J. M., Rieser-Danner, L. A., & Jenkins, V. Y. (1987). Infant preferences for attractive faces: Rudiments of a stereotype? Developmental Psychology, 23, 363-369.
56. Lorenz, K. (1943). Die angeborenen Formen möglicher Erfahrung [The innate forms of possible experience). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 5, 233-409.
57. Mayr, E (1963). Animal species and evolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
58. McCabe, V. (1984). Abstract perceptual information for age level: A risk factor for maltreatment? Child Development, 55, 267-276.
59. Paterson, H. E. H. (1993). Evolution and the recognition concept of species: Collected writings. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
60. Perrett, D. I., May, K. A., & Yoshikawa, S. (1994). Facial shape and judgements of female attractiveness. Nature, 368, 239-242.
61. Pittenger, J. B. (1991). On the difficulty of averaging faces: Comments on Langlois and Roggman. Psychological Science, 2, 351-353.
62. Pittenger, J. B., Johnson, D. F., & Mark, L. S. (1983). Aesthetic equivalence of three representations of the face. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 21, 111-114.
63. Pittenger, J. B., & Shaw, R. E. (1975a). Perception of relative age and absolute age in facial photographs. Perception & Psychophysics, 18, 137-143.
64. Pittenger, J. B., & Shaw, R. E (1975b). Aging faces as viscal-elastic events: Implications for a theory of nonrigid shape perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 374-382.
65. Rightmire, G. P. (1995). The human cranium from Bodo, Ethiopia: Evidence for speciation in the middle Pleistocene. Journal of Human Evolution, 31, 21-39.
66. Ritter, J. M., Casey, R. J., & Langlois, J. H. (1991). Adults' responses to infants varying in appearance of age and attractiveness. Child Development, 62, 68-82.
67. Ruvolo, M. (1996). A new approach to studying modern human origins: Hypothesis testing with coalescence time distributions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 5, 202-219.
68. Sackett, G. P. (1966). Monkeys reared in isolation with pictures as visual input: Evidence for an innate releasing mechanism. Science, 154, 1468-1473.
69. Sai, F., & Bushnell, I. W. R. (1988). The perception of faces in different poses by 1-month-olds. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 6, 35-41.
70. Shea, B. T. (1988). Heterochrony in primates. In M. L. McKinney (Ed.), Heterochrony in evolution, a. multidisciplinary approach (pp. 237-266). New York: Plenum.
71. Shea, B. T. (1989). Heterochrony in human evolution: The case for neoteny reconsidered. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 32, 69-101.
72. Singer, R., & Wymer, J. (1982). The middle stone age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
73. Sokal, R. R., & Rohlf, F. J. (1981). Biometry (2nd ed.), New York: W. H. Freeman.
74. Stringer, C. B. (1995). The evolution and distribution of later Pleistocene human populations. In E. S. Vrba, G. H. Denton, T. C. Partridge, & L. H. Burckle (Eds.), Paleoclimate and evolution, with emphasis on human origins (pp. 524-531). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
75. Stringer, C. B., & Andrews, P. (1988). Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modern humans. Science, 239, 1263-1268.
76. Stringer, C. B., & Gamble, C. (1993). In search of the Neanderthals. London: Thames and Hudson.
77. Swisher, C. C. III, Rink, W. J., Anto&n, S. C., Schwarcz, H. P., Curtis, G. H., Suprijo, A., & Widiasmoro, X. (1996). Latest Homo erectus of Java: Potential comtemporaneity with Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia. Science, 274, 1870-1874.
78. Tattersall, I. (1995). The last Neanderthal. New York: Macmillan.
79. Thompson, B. (1984). Cononical correlation analysis, uses and interpretation. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
80. Tishkoff, S. A., Dietzsch, E., Speed, W., Pakstis, A. J., Kidd, J. R., Cheung, K., Bonné-Tamir, B., Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. S., Moral, P., Krings, M., Pääbo, S., Watson, E., Risch, N., Jenkins, T., ̈ Kidd, K. K. (1996). Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins. Science, 271, 1380-1386.
81. Trinkaus, E., & Thompson, D. D. (1987). Femoral diaphyseal histomorphometric age determinations for the Shanidar 3, 4, 5, and 6 Neandertals and Neandertal longevity. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 72, 123-129.
82. Turbón, D., Pérez-Pérez, A., & Stringer, C. B. (1997). A multivariate analysis of Pleistocene hominids: Testing hypotheses of European origins. Journal of Human Evolution, 32, 449-468.
83. Tyen. (1988). Ultra Ungaro. Elle, 4, 334-335.
84. Valladas, H., Reyss, J. L., Joron, J. L., Valladas, G., Bar-Yosef, O., & Vandermeersch, B. (1988). Thermoluminescence dating of Mousterian 'Proto-Cro-Magnon' remains from Israel and the origin of modern man. Nature, 331, 614-616.
85. Walton, G. E., Bower, N. J. A., & Bower, T. G. R. (1992). Recognition of familiar faces by newboms. Infant Behavior and Development, 15, 265-269.
86. Wood, B. (1996). Human evolution. Bioessays, 18, 945-954.
87. Wynn, T. G., Tierson, F. D., & Palmer, C. T. (1996). Evolution of sex differences in spatial cognition. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 39, 11-42.
88. Zeifman, D., & Hazan, C. (1997). Attachment: The bond in pair-bonds. In J. A. Simpson & D. T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolutionary social psycohology (pp. 237-263). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
89. Zollikofer, C. P. E., Ponce de León, M. S., Martin, R. D., & Stucki, P. (1995). Neanderthal computer skulls. Nature, 375, 283-285.