Integrating public relations and legal responses during a crisis: The case of Odwalla, Inc.

Public Relations Review

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 443-460

  Martinelli, Kathleen A ^a   Briggs, William ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0032337760     PISSN: 03638111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80110-6     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. 1. Kathy R. Fitzpatrick, "Who's in Charge? Balancing Public Relations and Legal Counsel in a Crisis," Journal of Corporate Public Relations IV (1993/94), pp. 21-25.
2. 2. Kathy R. Fitzpatrick and Maureen Shubow Rubin, "Public Relations vs. Legal Strategies in Organizational Crisis Decisions," Public Relations Review (Spring 1995), pp. 21-33.
3. 3. See Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, This is PR: The Realities of Public Relations, 6th ed., (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1996), Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, Public Relations Strategies and Tactics, 4th ed., (New York, Harper Collins, 1995).
4. 3. See Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, This is PR: The Realities of Public Relations, 6th ed., (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1996), Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, Public Relations Strategies and Tactics, 4th ed., (New York, Harper Collins, 1995).
5. 4. Susan Antilla, "Lawyers, PR Execs Compete in Wall Street Race," USA Today, (December 22, 1986), p. 1.
6. 5. Robert L. Dilenschneider, as cited in Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, This is PR: The Realities of Public Relations, 6th ed., (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1996).
7. 6. See, for example, Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994), p. 150; James E. Lukaszewski, "The Other Prosecutors," Public Relations Quarterly 42 (Spring 1997), p. 28; Sonya Forte Duhe and Lynn M. Zoch, "Framing the Media's Agenda During a Crisis," Public Relations Quarterly 39 (Winter, 1994-95), pp. 42-45.
8. 6. See, for example, Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994), p. 150; James E. Lukaszewski, "The Other Prosecutors," Public Relations Quarterly 42 (Spring 1997), p. 28; Sonya Forte Duhe and Lynn M. Zoch, "Framing the Media's Agenda During a Crisis," Public Relations Quarterly 39 (Winter, 1994-95), pp. 42-45.
9. 6. See, for example, Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994), p. 150; James E. Lukaszewski, "The Other Prosecutors," Public Relations Quarterly 42 (Spring 1997), p. 28; Sonya Forte Duhe and Lynn M. Zoch, "Framing the Media's Agenda During a Crisis," Public Relations Quarterly 39 (Winter, 1994-95), pp. 42-45.
10. 7. Creighton Magid, "Balancing legal and Reputational Issues in Crisis, Reputation Management (November/December 1995), pp. 79-80.
11. 8. Creighton Magid and Bruce Benidt, "What'll it Be, Your Reputation or Your Legal Position," paper presented at the 1997 PRSA National Conference, Nashville, TN.
12. 9. Robert L. Heath, Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997), p. 289.
13. 10. See, for example, Laurence Barton, Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos, (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co., 1993); Samuel Coad Dyer, "Getting People into the Crisis Communication Plan," Public Relations Quarterly 40 (Fall 1995); S. Fink, Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable (New York: ANACOM, 1986); Robert L. Heath, Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997); Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994); Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, op. cit.; Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, op. cit.
14. 10. See, for example, Laurence Barton, Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos, (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co., 1993); Samuel Coad Dyer, "Getting People into the Crisis Communication Plan," Public Relations Quarterly 40 (Fall 1995); S. Fink, Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable (New York: ANACOM, 1986); Robert L. Heath, Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997); Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994); Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, op. cit.; Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, op. cit.
15. 10. See, for example, Laurence Barton, Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos, (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co., 1993); Samuel Coad Dyer, "Getting People into the Crisis Communication Plan," Public Relations Quarterly 40 (Fall 1995); S. Fink, Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable (New York: ANACOM, 1986); Robert L. Heath, Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997); Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994); Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, op. cit.; Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, op. cit.
16. 10. See, for example, Laurence Barton, Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos, (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co., 1993); Samuel Coad Dyer, "Getting People into the Crisis Communication Plan," Public Relations Quarterly 40 (Fall 1995); S. Fink, Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable (New York: ANACOM, 1986); Robert L. Heath, Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997); Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994); Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, op. cit.; Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, op. cit.
17. 10. See, for example, Laurence Barton, Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos, (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co., 1993); Samuel Coad Dyer, "Getting People into the Crisis Communication Plan," Public Relations Quarterly 40 (Fall 1995); S. Fink, Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable (New York: ANACOM, 1986); Robert L. Heath, Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997); Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994); Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, op. cit.; Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, op. cit.
18. 10. See, for example, Laurence Barton, Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos, (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co., 1993); Samuel Coad Dyer, "Getting People into the Crisis Communication Plan," Public Relations Quarterly 40 (Fall 1995); S. Fink, Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable (New York: ANACOM, 1986); Robert L. Heath, Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997); Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994); Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, op. cit.; Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, op. cit.
19. 10. See, for example, Laurence Barton, Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos, (Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co., 1993); Samuel Coad Dyer, "Getting People into the Crisis Communication Plan," Public Relations Quarterly 40 (Fall 1995); S. Fink, Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable (New York: ANACOM, 1986); Robert L. Heath, Strategic Issues Management: Organizations and Public Policy Challenges (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997); Carole M. Howard and Wilma K. Mathews, On Deadline: Managing Media Relations (Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1994); Doug Newsom, Judy VanSlyke Turk, and Dean Kruckeberg, op. cit.; Dennis L. Wilcox, Phillip H. Ault, and Warren K. Agee, op. cit.
20. 11. James E. Lukaszewski, "Establishing Individual and Corporate Crisis Communication Standards: the Principles and Protocols," Public Relations Quarterly 42 (Fall 1997), pp. 7-14.
21. 12. Ibid., p. 12.
22. 13. Davis Young, Building Your Company's Good Name (New York: ANACOM 1996), pp. 117-118.
23. 14. Robert L. Heath, op. cit.; Carole M. Howard, and Wilma K. Mathews, op. cit.
24. 14. Robert L. Heath, op. cit.; Carole M. Howard, and Wilma K. Mathews, op. cit.
25. 15. Ibid., p. 289.
26. 16. M. Hearit, "The Use of Counter-attack in Apologetic Public Relations Crises: The Case of General Motors vs. Dateline NBC," Public Relations Review 22 (1994), p. 122.
27. 17. Robert L. Heath, op. cit., p. 295.
28. 18. John Birch, "New Factors in Crisis Planning and Response," Public Relations Quarterly 39 (1), p. 32.
29. 19. W.H. Chase, Issues Management: Origins of the Future (Stamford, CT: Issue Action Publications, 1984).
30. 20. Robert L. Heath, op. cit., p. 307.
31. 21. T.W. Coombs, "Choosing the Right Words: The Development of Guidelines for the Selection of the 'Appropriate' Crisis Response Strategies," Management Communication Quarterly 8, pp. 447-476.
32. 22. Robert L. Heath, op. cit., p. 301.
33. 23. Kathy R. Fitzpatrick and Maureen Shubow Rubin, op. cit., pp. 21-33.
34. 24. Ibid., pp. 21-33.
35. 25. Ibid., p. 22.
36. 26. Ibid., p. 23.
37. 27. As cited in Kathy R. Fitzpatrick and Maureen Shubow Rubin, op. cit., pp. 21-33.
38. 28. Editor's Interview, The Public Relations Strategist (Spring 1997), pp. 6-12.
39. 29. David L. Sturges, Bob J. Carrell, Douglas A. Newsom, and Marcus Barrera, "Crisis Communication: Knowing How is Good, Knowing Why is Essential," paper presented at the Third Conference on Corporate Communication, Global Communications: Applying Resources Strategically, May 1990, Madison, NJ.
40. 30. Creighton Magid and Bruce Bendit, "What'll it Be, Your Reputation or Your Legal Position," paper presented at the 1997 PRSA National Conference, Nashville, TN.
41. 31. Dirk C. Gibson, "Public Relations Considerations of Consumer Product Recall," Public Relations Review 21 (1995), pp. 234-237.