메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 145, Issue , 1998, Pages 145-182

Pyroclastic density currents

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DENSITY CURRENT; EXPLOSIVE VOLCANISM; PYROCLASTIC FLOW; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

EID: 0032300061     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.145.01.08     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (299)

References (150)
  • 3
    • 0021642499 scopus 로고
    • Formation of the Aira Caldera, southern Kyushu, ∼22,000 years ago
    • ARAMAKI, S. 1984. Formation of the Aira Caldera, southern Kyushu, ∼22,000 years ago. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 8485-8501.
    • (1984) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.89 , pp. 8485-8501
    • Aramaki, S.1
  • 4
    • 0031416582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turbulent transport and deposition of the Ito pyroclastic flow: Determinations using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility
    • BAER, E. M., FISHER, R. V., FULLER, M. & VALENTINE, G. 1997. Turbulent transport and deposition of the Ito pyroclastic flow: Determinations using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 22565-22586.
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , pp. 22565-22586
    • Baer, E.M.1    Fisher, R.V.2    Fuller, M.3    Valentine, G.4
  • 5
    • 0002902651 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large solid spheres in a Newtonian fluid under shear
    • BAGNOLD, R. A. 1954. Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large solid spheres in a Newtonian fluid under shear. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 225, 49-63.
    • (1954) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , vol.225 , pp. 49-63
    • Bagnold, R.A.1
  • 6
    • 0019716035 scopus 로고
    • Summary of temperature studies of 1980 deposits
    • LIPMAN, P. W. & MULLINEAUX, D. R. (eds), The 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. University of Washington Press
    • BANKS, N. G. & HOBLITT, R. P. 1981. Summary of temperature studies of 1980 deposits. In: LIPMAN, P. W. & MULLINEAUX, D. R. (eds), The 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 1250. University of Washington Press, 295-313.
    • (1981) U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper , vol.1250 , pp. 295-313
    • Banks, N.G.1    Hoblitt, R.P.2
  • 8
    • 18344405057 scopus 로고
    • On pyroclastic flow emplacement
    • BATTAGLIA, M. 1993. On pyroclastic flow emplacement. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 22 269-22 272.
    • (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.98 , pp. 22269-22272
    • Battaglia, M.1
  • 9
    • 0001093388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deposits of the 30 March 1956 directed blast at Bezymianny Volcano, Russia
    • BELOUSOV, A. 1996. Deposits of the 30 March 1956 directed blast at Bezymianny Volcano, Russia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57, 649-662.
    • (1996) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.57 , pp. 649-662
    • Belousov, A.1
  • 12
    • 0027883170 scopus 로고
    • The 1984 nuée-ardente deposits of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: Stratigraphy, textural characteristics, and transport mechanisms
    • BOUDON, G., CAMUS, G., GOURGAUD, A. & LAJOIE, J. 1993. The 1984 nuée-ardente deposits of Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia: Stratigraphy, textural characteristics, and transport mechanisms. Bulletin of Volcanology, 55, 327-342.
    • (1993) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.55 , pp. 327-342
    • Boudon, G.1    Camus, G.2    Gourgaud, A.3    Lajoie, J.4
  • 13
    • 0024838702 scopus 로고
    • The 1902 Peléean deposits in the Fort Cemetery of St. Pierre, Martinique: A model for the accumulation of turbulent nuées ardentes
    • _ & LAJOIE, J. 1989. The 1902 Peléean deposits in the Fort Cemetery of St. Pierre, Martinique: a model for the accumulation of turbulent nuées ardentes. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 38, 113-129.
    • (1989) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.38 , pp. 113-129
    • Lajoie, J.1
  • 14
    • 0000375234 scopus 로고
    • Welded tuffs and flows in the Plateau of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
    • BOYD, F. R. 1961. Welded tuffs and flows in the Plateau of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72, 387-426.
    • (1961) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.72 , pp. 387-426
    • Boyd, F.R.1
  • 15
    • 0027086612 scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of ignimbrite emplacement: Progressive aggradation and changes from particulate to non-particulate flow during emplacement of high-grade ignimbrite
    • BRANNEY, M. J. & KOKELAAR, B. P. 1992. A reappraisal of ignimbrite emplacement: progressive aggradation and changes from particulate to non-particulate flow during emplacement of high-grade ignimbrite. Bulletin of Volcanology, 54, 504-520.
    • (1992) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.54 , pp. 504-520
    • Branney, M.J.1    Kokelaar, B.P.2
  • 16
    • 0030919319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giant bed from a sustained catastrophic density current flowing over topography: Acatlán ignimbrite, Mexico
    • _ & _1997. Giant bed from a sustained catastrophic density current flowing over topography: Acatlán ignimbrite, Mexico. Geology, 25, 115-118.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 115-118
  • 18
    • 0030425668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics and thermodynamics of large ash flows
    • _ & WOODS, A. W. 1996. The dynamics and thermodynamics of large ash flows. Bulletin of Volcanology, 58, 175-193.
    • (1996) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.58 , pp. 175-193
    • Woods, A.W.1
  • 19
    • 0030930462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of co-ignimbrite plumes generated from pyroclastic flows of Mount St. Helens (7 August 1980)
    • CALDER, E. S., SPARKS, R. S. J. & WOODS, A. W. 1997. Dynamics of co-ignimbrite plumes generated from pyroclastic flows of Mount St. Helens (7 August 1980). Bulletin of Volcanology, 58, 432-440.
    • (1997) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.58 , pp. 432-440
    • Calder, E.S.1    Sparks, R.S.J.2    Woods, A.W.3
  • 20
    • 0024837974 scopus 로고
    • Self-lubrication for long-runout landslides
    • CAMPBELL, C. S. 1989. Self-lubrication for long-runout landslides. Journal of Geology, 97, 653-665.
    • (1989) Journal of Geology , vol.97 , pp. 653-665
    • Campbell, C.S.1
  • 21
    • 0028794118 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale landslide simulations: Global deformation, velocities and basal friction
    • _, CLEARY, P. W. & HOPKINS, M. 1995. Large-scale landslide simulations: Global deformation, velocities and basal friction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 8267-8283.
    • (1995) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.100 , pp. 8267-8283
    • Cleary, P.W.1    Hopkins, M.2
  • 22
    • 0026309446 scopus 로고
    • Transport and deposition of tephra by pyroclastic flows and surges
    • FISHER, R. V. & SMITH, G. A. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publications
    • CAREY, SN. 1991. Transport and deposition of tephra by pyroclastic flows and surges. In: FISHER, R. V. & SMITH, G. A. Sedimentation in Volcanic Sellings. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publications, 45, 39-57.
    • (1991) Sedimentation in Volcanic Sellings , vol.45 , pp. 39-57
    • Carey, S.N.1
  • 23
    • 0024486665 scopus 로고
    • The intensity of plinian eruptions
    • _ & SIGURDSSON, H. 1989. The intensity of plinian eruptions. Bulletin of Volcanology, 51, 28-40.
    • (1989) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.51 , pp. 28-40
    • Sigurdsson, H.1
  • 24
    • 0000623994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyroclastic flows and surges over water: An example from the 1883 Krakatau eruption
    • _, _, MANDEVILLE, C. & BRONTO, S. 1996. Pyroclastic flows and surges over water: an example from the 1883 Krakatau eruption. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57, 493-511.
    • (1996) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.57 , pp. 493-511
    • Mandeville, C.1    Bronto, S.2
  • 25
    • 3242874193 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of particle-laden plumes
    • _, _ & SPARKS, R. S. J. 1986. Experimental studies of particle-laden plumes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 15314-15328.
    • (1986) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.93 , pp. 15314-15328
    • Sparks, R.S.J.1
  • 27
    • 0027805373 scopus 로고
    • Self-lubrication for long-runout landslides: Examination by computer simulation
    • CLEARY, P. W. & CAMPBELL, C. S. 1993. Self-lubrication for long-runout landslides: Examination by computer simulation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 21 911-21 924.
    • (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.98 , pp. 21911-21924
    • Cleary, P.W.1    Campbell, C.S.2
  • 28
    • 84874970284 scopus 로고
    • Migration direction of sandwave structures in pyroclastic surge deposits: Implications for depositional processes
    • COLE, P. D. 1991. Migration direction of sandwave structures in pyroclastic surge deposits: implications for depositional processes. Geology, 19, 1108-1111.
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 1108-1111
    • Cole, P.D.1
  • 29
    • 0027838178 scopus 로고
    • A facies interpretation of the eruption and emplacement mechanisms of the upper part of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff, Campi Flegrei, southern Italy
    • _ & SCARPATI, C. 1993. A facies interpretation of the eruption and emplacement mechanisms of the upper part of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff, Campi Flegrei, southern Italy. Bulletin of Volcanology, 55, 311-326.
    • (1993) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.55 , pp. 311-326
    • Scarpati, C.1
  • 30
    • 0032531365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyroclastic flows generated by gravitational instability of the 1996-97 lava dome of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat
    • in press
    • _, CALDER, E. S., DRUITT, T. H. et al. 1998. Pyroclastic flows generated by gravitational instability of the 1996-97 lava dome of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Journal of Geophysical Research Letters, in press.
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research Letters
    • Calder, E.S.1    Druitt, T.H.2
  • 31
    • 0030887487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyroclastic surges of the Pleistocene Monte Guardia sequence (Lipari Island, Italy): Depositional processes
    • COLELLA, A. & HISCOTT, R.N. 1997. Pyroclastic surges of the Pleistocene Monte Guardia sequence (Lipari Island, Italy): depositional processes. Sedimenlology, 44, 47-66.
    • (1997) Sedimenlology , vol.44 , pp. 47-66
    • Colella, A.1    Hiscott, R.N.2
  • 32
    • 0029729724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emplacement of the Taupo Ignimbrite by a dilute, turbulent flow
    • DADE, W. B. & HUPPERT, H. E. 1996. Emplacement of the Taupo Ignimbrite by a dilute, turbulent flow. Nature, 381, 509-512.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 509-512
    • Dade, W.B.1    Huppert, H.E.2
  • 33
    • 0342858007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emplacement of the Taupo Ignimbrite
    • _ & _1997. The emplacement of the Taupo Ignimbrite, Nature, 385, 307-308.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 307-308
  • 35
    • 0023495952 scopus 로고
    • A model for the generation of ash clouds by pyroclastic flows, with application to the 1980 eruptions at Mount St. Helens, Washington
    • DENLINGER, R. P. 1987. A model for the generation of ash clouds by pyroclastic flows, with application to the 1980 eruptions at Mount St. Helens, Washington. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 10 284-10 298.
    • (1987) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.92 , pp. 10284-10298
    • Denlinger, R.P.1
  • 37
    • 0022207314 scopus 로고
    • Vent evolution and lag breccia formation during the Cape Riva eruption of Santorini, Greece
    • DRUITT, T. H. 1985. Vent evolution and lag breccia formation during the Cape Riva eruption of Santorini, Greece. Journal of Geology, 93, 439-454.
    • (1985) Journal of Geology , vol.93 , pp. 439-454
    • Druitt, T.H.1
  • 38
    • 0027099230 scopus 로고
    • Emplacement of the 18 May 1980 lateral blast deposit east-northeast of Mount St. Helens, Washington
    • _1992. Emplacement of the 18 May 1980 lateral blast deposit east-northeast of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Bulletin of Volcanology, 54, 554-572.
    • (1992) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.54 , pp. 554-572
  • 39
    • 0028806956 scopus 로고
    • Settling behaviour of concentrated, poorly sorted dispersions and some volcanological applications
    • _1995. Settling behaviour of concentrated, poorly sorted dispersions and some volcanological applications. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 65, 27-39.
    • (1995) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.65 , pp. 27-39
  • 40
    • 0022923645 scopus 로고
    • Lithic breccia and ignimbrite erupted during the collapse of Crater Lake caldera, Oregon
    • _ & BACON, C. R. 1986. Lithic breccia and ignimbrite erupted during the collapse of Crater Lake caldera, Oregon. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 29, 1-32.
    • (1986) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.29 , pp. 1-32
    • Bacon, C.R.1
  • 41
    • 49049131047 scopus 로고
    • A proximal ignimbrite breccia facies on Santorini, Greece
    • _ & SPARKS, R. S. J. 1982. A proximal ignimbrite breccia facies on Santorini, Greece. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 13, 147-171.
    • (1982) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.13 , pp. 147-171
    • Sparks, R.S.J.1
  • 42
    • 0020330348 scopus 로고
    • Magmatic model for the Mount St. Helens blast of May 18 1980
    • EICHELBERGER, J. C. & HAYES, D. B. 1982. Magmatic model for the Mount St. Helens blast of May 18 1980. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 7727-7738.
    • (1982) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.87 , pp. 7727-7738
    • Eichelberger, J.C.1    Hayes, D.B.2
  • 43
    • 0027070142 scopus 로고
    • The plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Katmai National Park, Alaska
    • FIERSTEIN, J. & HILDRETH, W. 1992. The plinian eruptions of 1912 at Novarupta, Katmai National Park, Alaska. Bulletin of Volcanology, 54, 646-684.
    • (1992) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.54 , pp. 646-684
    • Fierstein, J.1    Hildreth, W.2
  • 44
    • 0027383550 scopus 로고
    • Estimate of pyroclastic flow velocities from explosive decompression of lava domes
    • FINK, J. H. & KIEFFER, S. W. 1993. Estimate of pyroclastic flow velocities from explosive decompression of lava domes. Nature, 363, 612-615.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 612-615
    • Fink, J.H.1    Kieffer, S.W.2
  • 45
    • 84879890579 scopus 로고
    • Transport and deposition of a pyroclastic surge across an area of high relief: The 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington
    • FISHER, R. V. 1991. Transport and deposition of a pyroclastic surge across an area of high relief: the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102, 1038-1054.
    • (1991) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.102 , pp. 1038-1054
    • Fisher, R.V.1
  • 46
    • 0029526088 scopus 로고
    • Decoupling of pyroclastic currents: Hazards assessment
    • _1995. Decoupling of pyroclastic currents: hazards assessment. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 66, 257-263.
    • (1995) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.66 , pp. 257-263
  • 48
    • 0023499187 scopus 로고
    • May 18 1980, Mount St. Helens deposits in South Coldwater Creek, Washington
    • _, GLICKEN, H. X. & HOBLITT, R. P. 1987. May 18 1980, Mount St. Helens deposits in South Coldwater Creek, Washington. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 10267-10283.
    • (1987) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.92 , pp. 10267-10283
    • Glicken, H.X.1    Hoblitt, R.P.2
  • 49
    • 0027524310 scopus 로고
    • Mobility of a large-volume pyroclastic flow - Emplacement of the Campanian Ignimbrite, Italy
    • _, ORSI, G., ORT, M. & HEIKEN, G. 1993. Mobility of a large-volume pyroclastic flow - emplacement of the Campanian Ignimbrite, Italy. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 56, 205-220.
    • (1993) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.56 , pp. 205-220
    • Orsi, G.1    Ort, M.2    Heiken, G.3
  • 50
    • 0021072261 scopus 로고
    • Origin and emplacement of a pyroclastic flow and surge unit at Laacher See, Germany
    • VD
    • _, SCHMINCKE, H.-U. & BOGAARD, P., VD. 1983. Origin and emplacement of a pyroclastic flow and surge unit at Laacher See, Germany. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 17. 375-392.
    • (1983) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.17 , pp. 375-392
    • Schmincke, H.-U.1    Bogaard, P.2
  • 51
    • 0022183701 scopus 로고
    • Lithic-enriched segregation bodies in pyroclastic - Flow deposits of Laacher See volcano (E-Eifel, Germany)
    • FREUNDT, A. & SCHMINCKE, H.-U. 1985. Lithic-enriched segregation bodies in pyroclastic - flow deposits of Laacher See volcano (E-Eifel, Germany). Bulletin of Volcanology, 25, 193-224.
    • (1985) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.25 , pp. 193-224
    • Freundt, A.1    Schmincke, H.-U.2
  • 52
    • 0022913158 scopus 로고
    • Emplacement of small-volume pyroclastic flows at Laacher See (East-Eifel, Germany)
    • _ & _1986. Emplacement of small-volume pyroclastic flows at Laacher See (East-Eifel, Germany). Bulletin of Volcanology, 48, 39-60.
    • (1986) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.48 , pp. 39-60
  • 53
    • 0028194080 scopus 로고
    • Computer simulations of the Tuscalano Artemisio's second pyroclastic flow unit (Alban Hills, Latium, Italy)
    • GIORDANO, G. & DOBRAN, F. 1994. Computer simulations of the Tuscalano Artemisio's second pyroclastic flow unit (Alban Hills, Latium, Italy). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 61, 69-94.
    • (1994) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.61 , pp. 69-94
    • Giordano, G.1    Dobran, F.2
  • 54
    • 0000229235 scopus 로고
    • Formation of the crystal-rich glowing avalanche deposits of St. Vincent, B. W. I.
    • HAY, R. L. 1959. Formation of the crystal-rich glowing avalanche deposits of St. Vincent, B. W. I. Journal of Geology, 67, 540-562.
    • (1959) Journal of Geology , vol.67 , pp. 540-562
    • Hay, R.L.1
  • 55
    • 0027103419 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of pyroclastic flow and debris avalanche mobility
    • HAYASHI, J. N. & SELF, S. 1992. A comparison of pyroclastic flow and debris avalanche mobility. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 9063-9071.
    • (1992) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.97 , pp. 9063-9071
    • Hayashi, J.N.1    Self, S.2
  • 56
    • 0021086318 scopus 로고
    • The compositionally zoned eruption of 1912 in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska
    • HILDRETH, W. 1983. The compositionally zoned eruption of 1912 in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 18, 1-56.
    • (1983) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.18 , pp. 1-56
    • Hildreth, W.1
  • 57
    • 0022173834 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the eruptions of July 22 and August 7 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Washington
    • HOBLITT, R. P. 1986. Observations of the Eruptions of July 22 and August 7 1980, at Mount St. Helens, Washington., U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 1335.
    • (1986) U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper , vol.1335
    • Hoblitt, R.P.1
  • 58
    • 84872094594 scopus 로고
    • Comment on 'Mount St. Helens 1980 and Mount Pelee 1902 - Flow or surge?'
    • _ & MILLER, C. D. 1984. Comment on 'Mount St. Helens 1980 and Mount Pelee 1902 - flow or surge?'. Geology, 12, 692-693.
    • (1984) Geology , vol.12 , pp. 692-693
    • Miller, C.D.1
  • 59
    • 0019786554 scopus 로고
    • Origin and stratigraphy of the deposits produced by the May 18 directed blast
    • LIPMAN, P. W. & MULLINEAUX, D. R. (eds) The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. University of Washington Press
    • _, _ & VALLANCE, J. E. 1981. Origin and stratigraphy of the deposits produced by the May 18 directed blast. In: LIPMAN, P. W. & MULLINEAUX, D. R. (eds) The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 1250. University of Washington Press, 401-419.
    • (1981) U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper , vol.1250 , pp. 401-419
    • Vallance, J.E.1
  • 61
    • 0032406466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle fabric in an ignimbrite flow unit from the Upper Laacher See Tephra (Germany) and implications for emplacement mechanism
    • in press
    • HUGHES, S. R. & DRUITT, T. H. 1998. Particle fabric in an ignimbrite flow unit from the Upper Laacher See Tephra (Germany) and implications for emplacement mechanism. Bulletin of Volcanology, in press.
    • (1998) Bulletin of Volcanology
    • Hughes, S.R.1    Druitt, T.H.2
  • 62
    • 0018954582 scopus 로고
    • The flow of solid particles in an aerated inclined channel
    • ISHIDA, M., HATANO, H. & SHIRAI, T. 1980. The flow of solid particles in an aerated inclined channel. Powder Technology, 27, 7-10.
    • (1980) Powder Technology , vol.27 , pp. 7-10
    • Ishida, M.1    Hatano, H.2    Shirai, T.3
  • 65
    • 0001885884 scopus 로고
    • Fluid dynamics of the May 18 blast at Mount St. Helens
    • LIPMAN, P. W. & MULLINEAUX, D. R. (eds) The 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington, University of Washington Press
    • KIEFFER, S. W. 1981. Fluid dynamics of the May 18 blast at Mount St. Helens. In: LIPMAN, P. W. & MULLINEAUX, D. R. (eds) The 1980 Eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 1250. University of Washington Press, 545-570.
    • (1981) U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper , vol.1250 , pp. 545-570
    • Kieffer, S.W.1
  • 66
    • 0024220092 scopus 로고
    • Erosional furrows formed during the lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, May 18 1980
    • _ & STURTEVANT, B. 1988. Erosional furrows formed during the lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, May 18 1980. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 14793-14816.
    • (1988) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.93 , pp. 14793-14816
    • Sturtevant, B.1
  • 67
    • 0000518870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "on pyroclastic flow emplacement" by Maurizio Battaglia
    • KOKELAAR, P. & BRANNEY, M. J. 1996. Comment on "On pyroclastic flow emplacement" by Maurizio Battaglia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 5653-5655.
    • (1996) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.101 , pp. 5653-5655
    • Kokelaar, P.1    Branney, M.J.2
  • 68
    • 84879879445 scopus 로고
    • Hydraulics of the August 7 1980. Pyroclastic flow at Mount St. Helens, Washington
    • LEVINE, A. H. & KIEFFER, S. W. 1991. Hydraulics of the August 7 1980. pyroclastic flow at Mount St. Helens, Washington. Geology, 19, 1121-1124.
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 1121-1124
    • Levine, A.H.1    Kieffer, S.W.2
  • 69
    • 0021642296 scopus 로고
    • The roots of ash flow calderas in western North America: Windows into the tops of granitic batholiths
    • LIPMAN. P. 1984. The roots of ash flow calderas in western North America: windows into the tops of granitic batholiths. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 8801-8841.
    • (1984) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.89 , pp. 8801-8841
    • Lipman, P.1
  • 70
    • 0019910667 scopus 로고
    • Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents
    • LOWE, D. R. 1982. Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 279-297.
    • (1982) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , vol.52 , pp. 279-297
    • Lowe, D.R.1
  • 71
    • 0024220733 scopus 로고
    • Suspended-load fallout rate as an independent variable in the analysis of current structures
    • _1988. Suspended-load fallout rate as an independent variable in the analysis of current structures. Sedimentology, 35, 765-776.
    • (1988) Sedimentology , vol.35 , pp. 765-776
  • 72
    • 0024531148 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of Mount St. Helens' 1980 pyroclastic flows, rock-slide-avalanche, lahars, and blast
    • MCEWEN, A. S. & MALIN, M. C. 1989. Dynamics of Mount St. Helens' 1980 pyroclastic flows, rock-slide-avalanche, lahars, and blast. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 37, 205-231.
    • (1989) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.37 , pp. 205-231
    • Mcewen, A.S.1    Malin, M.C.2
  • 73
  • 74
    • 0026278438 scopus 로고
    • Spatter-rich pyroclastic flow deposits on Santorini, Greece
    • MELLORS, R. A. & SPARKS, R. S. J. 1991. Spatter-rich pyroclastic flow deposits on Santorini, Greece. Bulletin of Volcanology, 53, 327-342.
    • (1991) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.53 , pp. 327-342
    • Mellors, R.A.1    Sparks, R.S.J.2
  • 75
    • 0023815240 scopus 로고
    • Generation of pyroclastic flows and surges by hot-rock avalanches from the dome of Mount St. Helens volcano, USA
    • _, WAITT, R. B. & SWANSON, D. A. 1988. Generation of pyroclastic flows and surges by hot-rock avalanches from the dome of Mount St. Helens volcano, USA. Bulletin of Volcanology, 50, 14-25.
    • (1988) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.50 , pp. 14-25
    • Waitt, R.B.1    Swanson, D.A.2
  • 76
    • 0000083159 scopus 로고
    • Spectacular mobility of ash flows around Aniakchak and Fisher calderas, Alaska
    • MILLER, T. P. & SMITH, R. L. 1977. Spectacular mobility of ash flows around Aniakchak and Fisher calderas, Alaska. Geology, 5, 173-176.
    • (1977) Geology , vol.5 , pp. 173-176
    • Miller, T.P.1    Smith, R.L.2
  • 77
    • 0021283670 scopus 로고
    • Imbrication, flow direction and possible source areas of the pumice-flow tuffs near Bend, Oregon, USA
    • MIMURA, K. 1984. Imbrication, flow direction and possible source areas of the pumice-flow tuffs near Bend, Oregon, USA. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 21, 45-60.
    • (1984) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.21 , pp. 45-60
    • Mimura, K.1
  • 79
    • 0002404046 scopus 로고
    • Explosive eruptions and pyroclastic avalanches from Ngauruhoe in February 1975
    • NAIRN, I. A. & SELF, S. 1978. Explosive eruptions and pyroclastic avalanches from Ngauruhoe in February 1975. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 3, 39-60.
    • (1978) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.3 , pp. 39-60
    • Nairn, I.A.1    Self, S.2
  • 80
    • 0028255016 scopus 로고
    • Influence of eruption parameters on the thermofluid dynamics of collapsing volcanic columns
    • NERI, A. & DOBRAN, F. 1994. Influence of eruption parameters on the thermofluid dynamics of collapsing volcanic columns. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 11833-11857.
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.99 , pp. 11833-11857
    • Neri, A.1    Dobran, F.2
  • 82
    • 0029501429 scopus 로고
    • Coarsetail vertical and lateral grading in pyroclastic flow deposits of the Latera Volcanic Complex (Vulsini, central Italy): Origin and implications for flow dynamics
    • PALLADINO, D. M. & VALENTINE, G. A. 1995. Coarsetail vertical and lateral grading in pyroclastic flow deposits of the Latera Volcanic Complex (Vulsini, central Italy): Origin and implications for flow dynamics. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 69, 343-364.
    • (1995) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.69 , pp. 343-364
    • Palladino, D.M.1    Valentine, G.A.2
  • 84
    • 0017025990 scopus 로고
    • Nuée ardente eruption from the foot of a dacite lava flow, Santiaguito Volcano, Guatemala
    • ROSE, W. I., PEARSON, T. & BONIS. S. 1977. Nuée ardente eruption from the foot of a dacite lava flow, Santiaguito Volcano, Guatemala. Bulletin of Volcanology, 40, 23-38.
    • (1977) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.40 , pp. 23-38
    • Rose, W.I.1    Pearson, T.2    Bonis, S.3
  • 85
    • 0001834273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between caldera collapse and eruptive dynamics during the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, Phlegrean Fields, Italy
    • ROSI, M., VEZZOLI. L., ALEOTTI, P & DE CENSI, M. 1996. Interaction between caldera collapse and eruptive dynamics during the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, Phlegrean Fields, Italy. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57, 541-554.
    • (1996) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.57 , pp. 541-554
    • Rosi, M.1    Vezzoli, L.2    Aleotti, P.3    De Censi, M.4
  • 86
    • 84879881739 scopus 로고
    • Proximal bedded deposits related to pyroclastic flows of May 18 1980. Mount St. Helens, Washington
    • ROWLEY, P. D., MACLEOD, N. S., KUNTZ, M. A. & KARPLAN, A. M. 1985. Proximal bedded deposits related to pyroclastic flows of May 18 1980. Mount St. Helens, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 96, 1373-1383.
    • (1985) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 1373-1383
    • Rowley, P.D.1    Macleod, N.S.2    Kuntz, M.A.3    Karplan, A.M.4
  • 87
    • 0027098843 scopus 로고
    • Crumbling of dacite lava and generation of pyroclastic flows at Unzen volcano
    • SATO, H., FUJII, T. & NAKADA, S. 1992. Crumbling of dacite lava and generation of pyroclastic flows at Unzen volcano. Nature, 360, 664-666.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 664-666
    • Sato, H.1    Fujii, T.2    Nakada, S.3
  • 88
    • 0021295449 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of rapid granular flows
    • SAVAGE, S. B. 1984. The mechanics of rapid granular flows. Advances in Applied Mechanics, 24, 289-376.
    • (1984) Advances in Applied Mechanics , vol.24 , pp. 289-376
    • Savage, S.B.1
  • 89
    • 0024611991 scopus 로고
    • The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline
    • _ & HUTTER, K. 1989. The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 199, 177-215.
    • (1989) Journal of Fluid Mechanics , vol.199 , pp. 177-215
    • Hutter, K.1
  • 90
    • 84982732994 scopus 로고
    • Antidune and chute and pool structures in the base surge deposits of the Laacher See area. Germany
    • SCHMINCKE, H.-U., FISHER, R. V. & WATERS, A. C. 1973. Antidune and chute and pool structures in the base surge deposits of the Laacher See area. Germany. Sedimentology, 20, 553-574.
    • (1973) Sedimentology , vol.20 , pp. 553-574
    • Schmincke, H.-U.1    Fisher, R.V.2    Waters, A.C.3
  • 94
    • 0023159746 scopus 로고
    • The 1982 eruption of El Chichon volcano, Mexico (3): Physical properties of pyroclastic surges
    • _, _ & FISHER, R. V. 1987. The 1982 eruption of El Chichon volcano, Mexico (3): Physical properties of pyroclastic surges. Bulletin of Volcanology, 49, 467-488.
    • (1987) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.49 , pp. 467-488
    • Fisher, R.V.1
  • 97
    • 0024842316 scopus 로고
    • Depositional processes of the Suwolbong tuff ring, Cheju Island (Korea)
    • SOHN, Y. K. & CHOUGH, S. K. 1989. Depositional processes of the Suwolbong tuff ring, Cheju Island (Korea). Sedimentology, 36, 837-855
    • (1989) Sedimentology , vol.36 , pp. 837-855
    • Sohn, Y.K.1    Chough, S.K.2
  • 98
    • 0029526316 scopus 로고
    • Multiple-pulsed debris avalanche emplacement at Mount St. Helens in 1980: Evidence from numerical continuum flow simulations
    • SOUSA, J. & VOIGHT, B. 1995. Multiple-pulsed debris avalanche emplacement at Mount St. Helens in 1980: Evidence from numerical continuum flow simulations. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 66, 227-250.
    • (1995) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.66 , pp. 227-250
    • Sousa, J.1    Voight, B.2
  • 99
    • 84983998479 scopus 로고
    • Grain size variations in ignimbrites and implications for the transport of pyroclastic flows
    • SPARKS, R. S. J. 1976. Grain size variations in ignimbrites and implications for the transport of pyroclastic flows. Sedimentology, 23, 147-188.
    • (1976) Sedimentology , vol.23 , pp. 147-188
    • Sparks, R.S.J.1
  • 100
    • 0002067310 scopus 로고
    • Gas release rates from pyroclastic flows: An assessment of the role of fluidisation in their emplacement
    • _1978. Gas release rates from pyroclastic flows: an assessment of the role of fluidisation in their emplacement. Bulletin of Volcanology, 41, 1-9.
    • (1978) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.41 , pp. 1-9
  • 101
    • 0002186006 scopus 로고
    • The significance of vitric-enriched air-fall ashes associated with crystal-enriched ignimbrites
    • _ & WALKER, G. P. L. 1977. The significance of vitric-enriched air-fall ashes associated with crystal-enriched ignimbrites. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2, 329-341.
    • (1977) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.2 , pp. 329-341
    • Walker, G.P.L.1
  • 102
    • 0001203953 scopus 로고
    • A model for the formation of ignimbrite by gravitational column collapse
    • _ & WILSON, L. 1976. A model for the formation of ignimbrite by gravitational column collapse. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 132, 441-451.
    • (1976) Journal of the Geological Society, London , vol.132 , pp. 441-451
    • Wilson, L.1
  • 105
    • 0000702831 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical modeling of the generation, movement, and emplacement of pyroclastic flows by column collapse
    • _, WILSON, L & HULME, G. 1978. Theoretical modeling of the generation, movement, and emplacement of pyroclastic flows by column collapse. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83, 1727-1739.
    • (1978) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.83 , pp. 1727-1739
    • Wilson, L.1    Hulme, G.2
  • 106
    • 0029777010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organization in the rapid flow of granular material: Evidence for a major flow mechanism
    • STRAUB, S. Self-organization in the rapid flow of granular material: evidence for a major flow mechanism. Geologisches Rundschau, 85, 85-91.
    • Geologisches Rundschau , vol.85 , pp. 85-91
    • Straub, S.1
  • 107
    • 0031414741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability of long runout landslide motion: Implications from granular flow mechanics
    • _1997. Predictability of long runout landslide motion: implications from granular flow mechanics. Geologisches Rundschau, 86, 415-425.
    • (1997) Geologisches Rundschau , vol.86 , pp. 415-425
  • 108
    • 0029474020 scopus 로고
    • Crystallization and welding variations in a widespread ignimbrite sheet; the Rattlesnake Tuff, eastern Oregon, USA
    • STRECK, M. J. & GRUNDER, A. L. 1995. Crystallization and welding variations in a widespread ignimbrite sheet; the Rattlesnake Tuff, eastern Oregon, USA. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57, 151-169.
    • (1995) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.57 , pp. 151-169
    • Streck, M.J.1    Grunder, A.L.2
  • 109
    • 0023823011 scopus 로고
    • The ground layer of Ata pyroclastic flow deposit, southwestern Japan -evidence for the capture of lithic fragments
    • SUZUKI-KAMATA, K. 1988. The ground layer of Ata pyroclastic flow deposit, southwestern Japan -evidence for the capture of lithic fragments. Bulletin of Volcanology, 50, 119-129.
    • (1988) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.50 , pp. 119-129
    • Suzuki-Kamata, K.1
  • 110
    • 0011165159 scopus 로고
    • The proximal facies of the Tosu pyroclastic-flow deposit erupted from Aso caldera, Japan
    • _ & KAMATA, H. 1990. The proximal facies of the Tosu pyroclastic-flow deposit erupted from Aso caldera, Japan. Bulletin of Volcanology, 52, 325-333.
    • (1990) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.52 , pp. 325-333
    • Kamata, H.1
  • 111
    • 0004276617 scopus 로고
    • IAHR Monograph SERIES., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam
    • TAKAHASHI, T. 1991. Debris Flow. IAHR Monograph SERIES., A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1991) Debris Flow
    • Takahashi, T.1
  • 112
    • 0027510768 scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of over pressure of a volcanic blast on the June 1991 eruption at Unzen volcano, Japan
    • TANIGUCHI, H. & SUZUKI-KAMATA, K. 1993. Direct measurement of over pressure of a volcanic blast on the June 1991 eruption at Unzen volcano, Japan. Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 89-92.
    • (1993) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.20 , pp. 89-92
    • Taniguchi, H.1    Suzuki-Kamata, K.2
  • 114
    • 0002692252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary pyroclastic flows from the June 15 1991, ignimbrite of Mount Pinatubo
    • NEWHALL, C. G. & PUNONGBAYAN, R. S. (eds) University of Washington Press
    • TORRES, R. C., SELF, S. & MARTINEZ, M. L. 1997. Secondary pyroclastic flows from the June 15 1991, ignimbrite of Mount Pinatubo. In: NEWHALL, C. G. & PUNONGBAYAN, R. S. (eds) Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. University of Washington Press, 665-678.
    • (1997) Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines , pp. 665-678
    • Torres, R.C.1    Self, S.2    Martinez, M.L.3
  • 115
    • 0001179209 scopus 로고
    • Exceptionally far-reaching, thin pyroclastic flows in southern Kyushu, Japan
    • UI, T. 1973. Exceptionally far-reaching, thin pyroclastic flows in southern Kyushu, Japan. Bulletin of Volcanological Society of Japan, 18, 153 168.
    • (1973) Bulletin of Volcanological Society of Japan , vol.18 , pp. 153168
    • Ui, T.1
  • 116
    • 0023525177 scopus 로고
    • Stratified flow in pyroclastic surges
    • VALENTINE, G. A. 1987. Stratified flow in pyroclastic surges. Bulletin of Volcanology, 49, 616-630.
    • (1987) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.49 , pp. 616-630
    • Valentine, G.A.1
  • 117
    • 0344195822 scopus 로고
    • Reply to CJN Wilson's comment on "stratified flow in pyroclastic surges"
    • _1988. Reply to CJN Wilson's Comment on "Stratified Flow in Pyroclastic Surges". Bulletin of Volcanology, 50, 352-355.
    • (1988) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.50 , pp. 352-355
  • 118
    • 0024485458 scopus 로고
    • Numerical models of plinian eruption columns and pyroclastic flows
    • _ & WOHLETZ, K. H. 1989. Numerical models of plinian eruption columns and pyroclastic flows. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 1867-1887.
    • (1989) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.94 , pp. 1867-1887
    • Wohletz, K.H.1
  • 119
    • 0024903798 scopus 로고
    • Basal layered deposits of the Peach Springs Tuff, northwestern Arizona, USA
    • _, BUESCH, D. & FISHER, R. V. 1989. Basal layered deposits of the Peach Springs Tuff, northwestern Arizona, USA. Bulletin of Volcanology, 51, 395-414.
    • (1989) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.51 , pp. 395-414
    • Buesch, D.1    Fisher, R.V.2
  • 120
    • 0344665307 scopus 로고
    • Sources of unsteady column dynamics in pyroclastic flow eruptions
    • _, WOHLETZ, K. H. & KIEFFER, S. W. 1991. Sources of unsteady column dynamics in pyroclastic flow eruptions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 21887-21892.
    • (1991) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.96 , pp. 21887-21892
    • Wohletz, K.H.1    Kieffer, S.W.2
  • 121
    • 84874991064 scopus 로고
    • Effects of topography on facies and compositional zonation in calderarelated ignimbrites
    • _, _ & _1992. Effects of topography on facies and compositional zonation in calderarelated ignimbrites. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 104, 154-165.
    • (1992) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.104 , pp. 154-165
  • 123
    • 0021620392 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of dune-bedded pyroclastic surge bedsets
    • _1984. Characteristics of dune-bedded pyroclastic surge bedsets. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20, 281-296.
    • (1984) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.20 , pp. 281-296
  • 124
    • 0022225770 scopus 로고
    • Origin of lithic breccias near ignimbrite source vents
    • _1985. Origin of lithic breccias near ignimbrite source vents. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25, 157-171.
    • (1985) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.25 , pp. 157-171
  • 125
    • 0021056099 scopus 로고
    • Mount St. Helens 1980 and Mount Pelee 1902 - Flow or surge?
    • _ & MCBROOME, L. A. 1983. Mount St. Helens 1980 and Mount Pelee 1902 - flow or surge? Geology, 11, 571-574.
    • (1983) Geology , vol.11 , pp. 571-574
    • Mcbroome, L.A.1
  • 126
    • 0029471972 scopus 로고
    • Travel of pyroclastic flows as transient waves: Implications for the energy line concept and particle-concentration assessment
    • _, HAYASHI, J. N. & SELF, S. 1995. Travel of pyroclastic flows as transient waves: implications for the energy line concept and particle-concentration assessment. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 66, 265-282.
    • (1995) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.66 , pp. 265-282
    • Hayashi, J.N.1    Self, S.2
  • 127
    • 0000497773 scopus 로고
    • Low-aspect ratio ignimbrites
    • _, HEMING, R. F. & WILSON, C. J. N. 1980. Low-aspect ratio ignimbrites. Nature, 283, 286-287.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.283 , pp. 286-287
    • Heming, R.F.1    Wilson, C.J.N.2
  • 129
    • 0019675057 scopus 로고
    • The ground layer of the Taupo Ignimbrite: A striking example of sedimentation from a pyroclastic flow
    • _, SELF, S. & FROGGATT, P. C. 1981b. The ground layer of the Taupo Ignimbrite: A striking example of sedimentation from a pyroclastic flow. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 10, 1-11.
    • (1981) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.10 , pp. 1-11
    • Self, S.1    Froggatt, P.C.2
  • 131
    • 0000568601 scopus 로고
    • The role of fluidization in the emplacement of pyroclastic flows: An experimental approach
    • WILSON, C. J. N. 1980. The role of fluidization in the emplacement of pyroclastic flows: An experimental approach. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 8, 231-249.
    • (1980) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.8 , pp. 231-249
    • Wilson, C.J.N.1
  • 132
    • 0021283503 scopus 로고
    • The role of fluidization in the emplacement of pyroclastic flows, 2: Experimental results their deposits
    • _1984. The role of fluidization in the emplacement of pyroclastic flows, 2: Experimental results their deposits Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 20, 55-84.
    • (1984) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.20 , pp. 55-84
  • 133
    • 85040034172 scopus 로고
    • The Taupo eruption, New Zealand II. The Taupo ignimbrite
    • _1985. The Taupo eruption, New Zealand II. The Taupo ignimbrite. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A314, 229-310.
    • (1985) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London , vol.A314 , pp. 229-310
  • 134
    • 0005808620 scopus 로고
    • Pyroclastic flows and ignimbrites
    • _1986. Pyroclastic flows and ignimbrites. Sci. Prog. Oxf, 70, 171-207.
    • (1986) Sci. Prog. Oxf , vol.70 , pp. 171-207
  • 135
    • 2142841400 scopus 로고
    • Comment on "Stratified flow in pyroclastic surges"
    • _1988. Comment on "Stratified flow in pyroclastic surges" by. G. A. Valentine. Bulletin of Volcanology, 50, 250-351.
    • (1988) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.50 , pp. 250-351
    • Valentine, G.A.1
  • 136
    • 0026302749 scopus 로고
    • Ignimbrite morphology and the effects of erosion: A New Zealand case study
    • _1991. Ignimbrite morphology and the effects of erosion: a New Zealand case study. Bulletin of Volcanology, 53, 635-644.
    • (1991) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.53 , pp. 635-644
  • 137
    • 0031027194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emplacement of the Taupo Ignimbrite
    • _1997. Emplacement of the Taupo Ignimbrite. Nature, 385, 306-307.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 306-307
  • 138
    • 0031461275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bishop Tuff: New insights from eruptive stratigraphy
    • _ & HILDRETH, W. 1997. The Bishop Tuff: New insights from eruptive stratigraphy. Journal of Geology, 105, 407-439.
    • (1997) Journal of Geology , vol.105 , pp. 407-439
    • Hildreth, W.1
  • 139
    • 0019999560 scopus 로고
    • Ignimbrite depositional facies: The anatomy of a pyroclastic flow
    • _ & WALKER, G. P. L. 1982. Ignimbrite depositional facies: the anatomy of a pyroclastic flow. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 139, 581-592.'
    • (1982) Journal of the Geological Society, London , vol.139 , pp. 581-592
    • Walker, G.P.L.1
  • 140
    • 0019867965 scopus 로고
    • Morphology and rheology of pyroclastic flows and their deposits, and guidelines for future observations
    • University of Washington Press
    • WILSON, L. & HEAD, J. W. 1981. Morphology and Rheology of Pyroclastic Flows and Their Deposits, and Guidelines for Future Observations. US Geological Survey, Professional Papers, 1250. University of Washington Press, 513-524.
    • (1981) US Geological Survey, Professional Papers , vol.1250 , pp. 513-524
    • Wilson, L.1    Head, J.W.2
  • 141
    • 0025673210 scopus 로고
    • Clast sizes in terrestrial and Martian ignimbrite lag deposits
    • _ & HESLOP, S. E. 1990. Clast sizes in terrestrial and Martian ignimbrite lag deposits. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 17 309-17 314.
    • (1990) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.95 , pp. 17309-17314
    • Heslop, S.E.1
  • 142
    • 0019220231 scopus 로고
    • Explosive volcanic eruptions - IV. The control of magma properties and conduit geometry on eruption column behaviour
    • _, SPARKS, R. S. J. & WALKER, G. P. L. 1980. Explosive volcanic eruptions - IV. The control of magma properties and conduit geometry on eruption column behaviour. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 63, 117-148.
    • (1980) Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society , vol.63 , pp. 117-148
    • Sparks, R.S.J.1    Walker, G.P.L.2
  • 146
    • 0026068465 scopus 로고
    • Dimensions and dynamics of co-ignimbrite eruption columns
    • _ & WOHLETZ, K. 1991. Dimensions and dynamics of co-ignimbrite eruption columns. Nature, 350, 225-227.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 225-227
    • Wohletz, K.1
  • 147
    • 0019681340 scopus 로고
    • The Rio Caliente Ignimbrite: Analysis of a compound mtraplinian ignimbrite from a major Late Quaternary Mexican eruption
    • WRIGHT, J. V. 1981. The Rio Caliente Ignimbrite: Analysis of a compound mtraplinian ignimbrite from a major Late Quaternary Mexican eruption. Bulletin of Volcanology, 44, 189-212.
    • (1981) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.44 , pp. 189-212
    • Wright, J.V.1
  • 148
    • 0001676082 scopus 로고
    • The ignimbrite source problem: Significance of a co-ignimbrite lag-fall deposit
    • _ & WALKER, G. P. L. 1977. The ignimbrite source problem: significance of a co-ignimbrite lag-fall deposit. Geology, 5, 729-732.
    • (1977) Geology , vol.5 , pp. 729-732
    • Walker, G.P.L.1
  • 149
    • 0027382664 scopus 로고
    • Pyroclastic flows from the 1991 eruption of Unzen volcano, Japan
    • YAMAMOTO, T., TAKARADA, S. & SUTO, S. 1993. Pyroclastic flows from the 1991 eruption of Unzen volcano, Japan. Bulletin of Volcanology, 55, 166-175.
    • (1993) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.55 , pp. 166-175
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Takarada, S.2    Suto, S.3
  • 150
    • 0001850463 scopus 로고
    • Flow and emplacement mechanism of the Ito pyroclastic flow from Aira caldera, Japan
    • YOKOYAMA, S. 1974. Flow and emplacement mechanism of the Ito pyroclastic flow from Aira caldera, Japan. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku Science Reports, C12, 17-62.
    • (1974) Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku Science Reports , vol.C12 , pp. 17-62
    • Yokoyama, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.