The subjective organization of input and output events in memory

Psychological Research

Volumn 61, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 295-307

  Koriat, Asher ^a   Pearlman Avnion, Shiri ^a   Ben Zur, Hasida ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MEMORY; PHYSIOLOGY; VISION;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 0032240430     PISSN: 03400727     EISSN: 14302772     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004260050034     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Allen, M.M. (1968). Rehearsal strategies and response cueing as determinants of organization in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 7, 58-63.
2. Bäckman, L., & Nilsson, L.-G.(1984). Aging effects in free recall: An exception to the rule. Human Learning, 3, 53-69.
3. Bäckman, L., & Nilsson, L.-G.(1985). Prerequisites for the lack of age differences in memory performance. Experimental Aging Research, 11, 67-73.
4. Bäckman, L., & Nilsson, L.-G., & Chalom, D. (1986). New evidence on the nature of the encoding of action events. Memory & Cognition, 14, 339-346.
5. Brooks, B.M., & Gardiner, J.M. (1994). Age-differences in memory for prospective compared with retrospective subject-performed tasks. Memory & Cognition, 22, 27-33.
6. Cohen, R.L. (1981). On the generality of some memory laws. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 22, 267-281.
7. Cohen, R.L. (1983). The effect of encoding variables on the free recall of words and action events. Memory & Cognition, 11, 575-582.
8. Cohen, R.L. (1985). On the generality of the laws of memory. In L.-G. Nilsson & T. Archer (Eds.), Perspectives on learning and memory (pp. 247-277). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
9. Cohen, R.L., Sandler, S.P., & Schroeder, K. (1987). Aging and memory for words and action events: Effects of item repetition and list length. Psychology and Aging, 2, 280-285.
10. Earhard, M. (1974). Free-recall transfer and individual differences in subjective organization. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 103, 1169-1174.
11. Engelkamp, J. (1986). Nouns and verbs in paired-associate learning: Instructional effects. Psychological Research, 48, 153-159.
12. Engelkamp, J. (1988). Modality-specific encoding and word class in verbal learning. In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R.N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues (Vol. 1,pp. 415-420). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
13. Engelkamp, J. (1997). Memory for to-be-performed tasks versus memory for performed tasks. Memory & Cognition, 25, 117-124.
14. Engelkamp, J. (in press). Memory for actions. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
15. Engelkamp, J., & Krumnacker, H. (1980). Imaginale und motorische Prozesse beim Behalten verbalen Materials [Imagery and motor processes in memory, of verbal material]. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 27, 511-533.
16. Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H.D. (1983). Zum Einfluß von Wahrenhmen und Tun auf das Behalten von Verb-Objekt-Phrasen [Perception and enactment in memory of verb-object phrases]. Sprache & Kognition, 2, 117-127.
17. Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H.D. (1994). Motor similarity in subject-performed tasks. Psychological Research, 57, 47-53.
18. Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H.D. (1995). Similarity of movement in recognition of self-performed tasks and of verbal tasks. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 241-252.
19. Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H.D. (1996). Organisation and recall in verbal tasks and in subject-performed tasks. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 8, 257-273.
20. Engelkamp, J., Zimmer, H.D., & Denis, M. (1989). Paired associate learning of action verbs with visual or motor-imaginal encoding instructions. Psychological Research, 50, 257-263.
21. Engelkamp, J., Zimmer, H.D., & Mohr, G. (1990). Differential memory effects of concrete nouns and action verbs. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 198, 189-216.
22. Eslinger, P.J., & Grattan, L.M. (1994). Altered serial learning after frontal lobe lesion. Neuropsychologia, 32, 729-739.
23. Gardiner, J.M., & Klee, H. (1976). Memory for remembered events: An assessment of output monitoring in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 15, 227-233.
24. Gardiner, J.M., Passmore, C., Herriot, P., & Klee, H. (1977). Memory for remembered events: Effects of response mode and response-produced feedback. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 16, 45-54.
25. Gershberg, F.B., & Shimamura, A.P. (1995). Impaired use of organizational strategies in free recall following frontal lobe damage. Neuropsychologia, 33, 1305-1333.
26. Glidden, L.M. (1977). Developmental effects in free recall learning. Child Development, 48, 9-12.
27. Glidden, L.M., & Klein, J.S. (1980). Improving recall in retarded persons: Consistency of ordering and simultaneity of presentation. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 24, 299-306.
28. Helstrup, T.(1986). Separate memory laws for recall of performed acts? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 27, 1-29.
29. Helstrup, T. (1987). One, two, or three memories? A problem-solving approach to memory for performed acts. Acta Psychologica, 66, 37-68.
30. Helstrup, T. (1989). Loci for act recall: Contextual influence on the processing of action events. Psychological Research, 51, 168-175.
31. Jackson, D.K., & Schneider, H.G. (1982). Age differences in organization and recall: An analysis of rehearsal processes. Psychological Report, 50, 919-924.
32. Jackson, D.K., & Schneider, H.G. (1985). Age, organization, and memory: Effects of presentation rate and rehearsal strategy. Psychological Report, 56, 471-479.
33. Kokubun, O. (1973). The subjective organization in free recall learning by school children. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 32, 12-16.
34. Kokubun, O. (1976). Subjective organization in free recall of sentences presented in context-disorganized order. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 35, 12-16.
35. Koriat, A., & Goldsmith, M. (1994). Memory in naturalistic and laboratory contexts: Distinguishing the accuracy-oriented and quantity-oriented approaches to memory assessment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123, 297-315.
36. Koriat, A., & Goldsmith, M. (1996). Monitoring and control processes in the strategic regulation of memory accuracy. Psychological Review, 103, 490-517.
37. Koriat, A., & Melkman, R. (1981). Individual differences in memory organization as related to word-association, objectsorting, and word-matching styles. The British Journal of Psychology, 72, 1-18.
38. Koriat, A., & Melkman, R. (1987). Depth of processing and memory organisation Psychological Research, 49, 173-181.
39. Koriat, A., Ben-Zur, H., & Nussbaum, A. (1990). Encoding information for future action: Memory for to-be-performed versus memory for to-be-recalled tasks. Memory & Cognition, 18, 568-578.
40. Koriat, A., Ben-Zur H., & Sheffer, D. (1988). Telling the same story twice: Output monitorign and age. Journal of Memory & Language, 27, 23-39.
41. Levin, H.S., & Goldstein, F.C. (1986). Organization of verbal memory after severe closed-head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 643-656.
42. Lichty, W., Bressie, S., & Krell, R. (1988). When a fork is not a fork: Recall of performed activities as a function of age, generation, and bizarreness. In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R.N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues (Vol. 2, pp. 506-511). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
43. Mayhew, A.J. (1967). Interlist changes in subjective organization during free-recall learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 425-430.
44. Miller, L.L., McFarland, D.J., Conett, T.L., Brightwell, D.R., & Wikler, A.(1977). Marijuana: Effects on free recall and subjective organization of pictures and words. Psychopharmacology, 55, 257-262.
45. Mohr, G., Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H.D. (1989). Recall and recognition of self-performed acts. Psychological Research, 51, 181-187.
46. Nilsson, L.-G., & Cohen, R.L. (1988). Enrichment and generation in the recall of enacted and non-enacted instructions. In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R.N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues (Vol. 1, pp. 427-432). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
47. Ornstein, P.A., Naus, M.J., & Stone, B.P. (1977). Rehearsal training and developmental differences in memory. Developmental Psychology, 13, 15-24.
48. Payne, D.G., & Wenger, M.J. (1992). Repeated recall of pictures, words, and riddles: Increasing subjective organization is not sufficient for producing hypermnesia. Bulletin of The Psychonomic Society, 30, 407-410.
49. Rankin, J.L., & Battig, W.F. (1977). Developmental differences in the organization and recall of strongly and weakly associated verbal items. Bulletin of The Psychonomic Society, 10, 371-374.
50. Roenker, D.L., Thompson, C.P., & Brown, S.C. (1971). Comparisons of measures for the estimation of clustering in free recall. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 45-48.
51. Rundus, D., & Atkinson, R.C. (1970). Rehearsal processes in free recall: A procedure for direct observation. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9, 99-105.
52. Saltz, E. (1988). The role of motoric enactment (m-processing) in memory for words and sentences. In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris & R.N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues (Vol. 1, pp. 408-414). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
53. Schneider, W., & Bjorklund, D.F. (1988). Memory. In W. Damon (Series Ed.), D. Kuhn & R.S. Siegler (Vol. Eds.). Handbook of child psychology: Cognition, perception and language (Vol. 2, pp. 467-521). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
54. Sternberg, R.J., & Tulving, E. (1977). The measurement of subjective organization in recall. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 539-556.
55. Tkachyk, M.E., Spanos, N.P., & Bertrand, L.D. (1985). Variables affecting subjective organization during posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 95-108.
56. Tulving, E. (1962). Subjective organisation in free recall of "unrelated" words. Psychological Review, 69, 344-354.
57. Tulving, E. (1964). Intertrial and intertrial retention: Notes towards a theory of free recall verbal learning. Psychological Review, 71, 219-237.
58. Waters, H.S., & McAlaster, R. (1983). Encoding variability and organization in free recall. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 36, 380-395.
59. Wilson, B.J. (1977). Free recall and subjective organization in performance of learning disabled children. Psychological Report, 40, 117-118.
60. Wilson, L., & Kihlstrom, J.F. (1986). Subjective and categorical organization of recall during posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 264-273.
61. Write, K.L., Freund, J.S., & Sebby, R.A. (1990) Age differences in free recall and subjective organization. Psychology and Aging, 5, 307-309.
62. Zimmer, H.D., & Engelkamp, J. (1989). Does motor encoding enhance relational information? Psychological Research, 51, 158-167.