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Yun, K.S.1
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0030022190
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Activation of different myogenic pathways: Myf-5 is induced by the neural tube and MyoD by the dorsal ectoderm in mouse paraxial mesoderm
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Cossu G, Kelly R, Tajbakhsh S, DiDonna S, Vivarelli E, Buckingham M. Activation of different myogenic pathways: Myf-5 is induced by the neural tube and MyoD by the dorsal ectoderm in mouse paraxial mesoderm. Development. 122:1996;429-437.
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Muscle progenitor cells failing to respond to positional cues adopt non-myogenic fates in myf-5 null mice
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Tajbakhsh, S.1
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Muscle deficiency and neonatal death in mice with targeted mutation in the myogenin gene
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Hasty P, Bradley A, Morris JH, Edmondson DE, Venuti JM, Olson EN, Klein WH. Muscle deficiency and neonatal death in mice with targeted mutation in the myogenin gene. Nature. 364:1993;501-506.
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Myogenin gene disruption results in perinatal lethality because of severe muscle defect
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Nabeshima YK, Hanaoka K, Hayasaka M, Esumi S, Lis, Nonaka J. Myogenin gene disruption results in perinatal lethality because of severe muscle defect. Nature. 364:1993;532-535.
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Inactivation of Myf-6 and Myf-5 genes in mice leads to alterations in skeletal muscle development
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Braun T, Arnold HH. Inactivation of Myf-6 and Myf-5 genes in mice leads to alterations in skeletal muscle development. EMBO J. 14:1995;1176-1186.
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Braun, T.1
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Disruption of the MRF4 gene identifies multiple waves of myogenesis in the myotome
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Patapoutian A, Yoon K, Miner H, Wang S, Stark K, Wold B. Disruption of the MRF4 gene identifies multiple waves of myogenesis in the myotome. Development. 12:1995;3347-3358.
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Patapoutian, A.1
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Wold, B.6
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0029047267
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Inactivation of the myogenic bHLH gene MRF4 results in up-regulation of myogenin and rib anomalies
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Zhang W, Behringer RR, Olson EN. Inactivation of the myogenic bHLH gene MRF4 results in up-regulation of myogenin and rib anomalies. Genes Dev. 9:1995;1388-1399.
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Zhang, W.1
Behringer, R.R.2
Olson, E.N.3
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Myogenin's functions do not overlap with those of MyoD or Myf-5 during mouse embryogenesis
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Rawls A, Morris JH, Rudnicki M, Braun T, Arnold HH, Klein WH, Olson EN. Myogenin's functions do not overlap with those of MyoD or Myf-5 during mouse embryogenesis. Dev Biol. 172:1995;37-50.
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Rawls, A.1
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Klein, W.H.6
Olson, E.N.7
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Functional redundancy of muscle-specific transcription factors Myf5 and myogenin
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Wang Y, Schnegelsberg P, Dausman J, Jaenisch R. Functional redundancy of muscle-specific transcription factors Myf5 and myogenin. Nature. 379:1996;823-825.
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Wang, Y.1
Schnegelsberg, P.2
Dausman, J.3
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0030758661
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Myogenin can substitute for Myf5 in promoting myogenesis but less efficiently
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of special interest. The first knock-in experiment replacing one myogenic bHLH factor gene by another addresses the issue of unique intrinsic properties of Myf-5 and myogenin versus functional differences as a result of their distinct expression patterns. The results reveal that myogenin expressed under the control of the Myf-5 gene can partially substitute for Myf-5 but is unable to compensate for loss of a second myogenic bHLH gene in double mutants also lacking either MyoD or myogenin. This suggests that myogenin only inefficiently compensates for Myf-5, probably owing to altered levels of gene expression and/or different transactivation properties.
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Wang Y, Jaenisch R. Myogenin can substitute for Myf5 in promoting myogenesis but less efficiently. of special interest Development. 124:1997;2510-2513 The first knock-in experiment replacing one myogenic bHLH factor gene by another addresses the issue of unique intrinsic properties of Myf-5 and myogenin versus functional differences as a result of their distinct expression patterns. The results reveal that myogenin expressed under the control of the Myf-5 gene can partially substitute for Myf-5 but is unable to compensate for loss of a second myogenic bHLH gene in double mutants also lacking either MyoD or myogenin. This suggests that myogenin only inefficiently compensates for Myf-5, probably owing to altered levels of gene expression and/or different transactivation properties.
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Development
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Wang, Y.1
Jaenisch, R.2
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14
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0031034468
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Two domains of MyoD mediate transcriptional activation of genes in repressive chromatin: A mechanism for lineage determination in myogenesis
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of special interest. This study provides evidence that MyoD and Myf-5 can remodel chromatin at binding sites in muscle gene enhancers and activate transcription at previously silent loci, whereas myogenin is markedly less efficient at activating genes in transcriptionally silent chromatin. The ability of MyoD to activate endogenous genes is associated with two regions in the protein that are distinct from its transactivation domain and are conserved in the Myf-5 protein, TGF-β, basic FGF, and sodium butyrate - known inhibitors of myogenesis - block MyoD-mediated chromatin reorganization. These results may provide a molecular basis for the fact that MyoD and Myf-5 establish the myogenic lineage, whereas myogenin mediates terminal differentiation.
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Gerber AN, Klesert TR, Bergstrom DA, Tapscott SJ. Two domains of MyoD mediate transcriptional activation of genes in repressive chromatin: a mechanism for lineage determination in myogenesis. of special interest Genes Dev. 11:1997;436-450 This study provides evidence that MyoD and Myf-5 can remodel chromatin at binding sites in muscle gene enhancers and activate transcription at previously silent loci, whereas myogenin is markedly less efficient at activating genes in transcriptionally silent chromatin. The ability of MyoD to activate endogenous genes is associated with two regions in the protein that are distinct from its transactivation domain and are conserved in the Myf-5 protein, TGF-β, basic FGF, and sodium butyrate - known inhibitors of myogenesis - block MyoD-mediated chromatin reorganization. These results may provide a molecular basis for the fact that MyoD and Myf-5 establish the myogenic lineage, whereas myogenin mediates terminal differentiation.
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Genes Dev
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, pp. 436-450
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Gerber, A.N.1
Klesert, T.R.2
Bergstrom, D.A.3
Tapscott, S.J.4
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15
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MRF4 can substitute for myogenin during early stages of myogenesis
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Zhu Z, Miller JB. MRF4 can substitute for myogenin during early stages of myogenesis. Dev Dyn. 209:1997;233-241.
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Dev Dyn
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Zhu, Z.1
Miller, J.B.2
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0031927208
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Overlapping functions of the myogenic bHLH genes MRF4 and MyoD revealed in double mutant mice
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of special interest. Circumstantial evidence had suggested that MRF4 may fulfil late functions in muscle differentiation, similar to and possibly overlapping with myogenin. Double mutant mice for MRF4 and myogenin now show that neither gene is absolutely essential for myoblast differentiation; instead, any of the four myogenic bHLH factors appears capable of activating the muscle differentiation program under the appropriate conditions. Unexpectedly, MRF4/MyoD double mutants reveal overlapping roles of both genes in the control of myoblast differentiation, as the mutants lack differentiated myotubes. As Myf-5 and myogenin are expressed in these mutants, the observations suggest that critical threshold concentrations of myogenic bHLH factors may be needed for myoblast differentiation to occur.
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Rawls A, Valdez MR, Zhang W, Richardson J, Klein WH, Olson EN. Overlapping functions of the myogenic bHLH genes MRF4 and MyoD revealed in double mutant mice. of special interest Development. 125:1998;2349-2358 Circumstantial evidence had suggested that MRF4 may fulfil late functions in muscle differentiation, similar to and possibly overlapping with myogenin. Double mutant mice for MRF4 and myogenin now show that neither gene is absolutely essential for myoblast differentiation; instead, any of the four myogenic bHLH factors appears capable of activating the muscle differentiation program under the appropriate conditions. Unexpectedly, MRF4/MyoD double mutants reveal overlapping roles of both genes in the control of myoblast differentiation, as the mutants lack differentiated myotubes. As Myf-5 and myogenin are expressed in these mutants, the observations suggest that critical threshold concentrations of myogenic bHLH factors may be needed for myoblast differentiation to occur.
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Development
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Rawls, A.1
Valdez, M.R.2
Zhang, W.3
Richardson, J.4
Klein, W.H.5
Olson, E.N.6
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0028875718
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Combinatorial signaling by sonic hedgehog and Wnt family members induces myogenic bHLH gene expression in somites
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Münsterberg AE, Kitajewski J, Bumcrot DA, McMahon AP, Lassar AB. Combinatorial signaling by sonic hedgehog and Wnt family members induces myogenic bHLH gene expression in somites. Genes Dev. 9:1995;2911-2922.
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Münsterberg, A.E.1
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Bumcrot, D.A.3
McMahon, A.P.4
Lassar, A.B.5
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Myogenesis in paraxial mesoderm: Preferential induction by dorsal neural tube and by cells expressing Wnt-1
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Stern HM, Brown AMC, Hauschka SD. Myogenesis in paraxial mesoderm: Preferential induction by dorsal neural tube and by cells expressing Wnt-1. Development. 121:1995;3675-3686.
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Stern, H.M.1
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Spence MS, Yip J, Erickson CA. The dorsal neural tube organizes the dermamyotome and induces axial myocytes in the avian embryo. Development. 122:1996;231-241.
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Regulation of dorsal somitic cell fates: BMPs and Noggin control the timing and pattern of myogenic regulator expression
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Reshef R, Maroto M, Lassar AB. Regulation of dorsal somitic cell fates: BMPs and Noggin control the timing and pattern of myogenic regulator expression. Genes Dev. 12:1998;290-303.
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Cheng TC, Wallace MC, Merlie JP, Olson EN. Separable regulatory elements governing myogenin transcription in mouse embryogenesis. Science. 261:1993;215-218.
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The regulation of myogenin gene expression during the embryonic development of the mouse
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Naidu PS, Ludolph DC, To RR, Hinterberger TJ, Konieczny SF. Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis. Mol Cell Biol. 15:1995;2707-2718.
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Black BL, Martin JF, Olson EN. The mouse MRF4 promoter is transactivated directly and indirectly by muscle-specific transcription factors. J Biol Chem. 270:1995;2889-2892.
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Black, B.L.1
Martin, J.F.2
Olson, E.N.3
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Pin CL, Ludolph DC, Cooper ST, Klocke BJ, Merlie JP, Konieczny SF. Distal regulatory elements control MRF4 gene expression in early and late myogenic cell populations. Dev Dyn. 208:1997;299-312.
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Isolated sequences from the linked Myf-5 and MRF4 genes drive distinct patterns of muscle-specific expression in transgenic mice
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Patapoutian A, Miner H, Lyons GE, Wold B. Isolated sequences from the linked Myf-5 and MRF4 genes drive distinct patterns of muscle-specific expression in transgenic mice. Development. 118:1993;61-69.
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Patapoutian, A.1
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Faithful expression of the Myf-5 gene during mouse myogenesis requires distant control regions: A transgene approach using yeast artificial chromosomes
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Zweigerdt R, Braun T, Arnold HH. Faithful expression of the Myf-5 gene during mouse myogenesis requires distant control regions: a transgene approach using yeast artificial chromosomes. Dev Biol. 191:1997;172-180.
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Pax 3 is required for the development of limb muscles: A possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells
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Bober E, Franz T, Arnold HH, Gruss P, Trambley P. Pax 3 is required for the development of limb muscles: a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. Development. 120:1994;603-612.
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Bober, E.1
Franz, T.2
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Gruss, P.4
Trambley, P.5
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0030891169
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Redefining the genetic hierarchies controlling skeletal myogeneis: Pax 3 and myf5 act upstream of myoD
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of outstanding interest. This paper establishes Pax3 as a key regulator in skeletal muscle development. By a genetic approach, the authors demonstrate that MyoD gene activation in body muscle precursors is dependent on either Pax3 or Myf-5. In Pax3/Myf-5 double homozygous mutant mice, MyoD is not expressed and body muscles are completely absent. Thus, Pax3 and Myf-5 define two distinct myogenic pathways and both genes act genetically upstream of MyoD. This hierarchy, however, does not apply to head muscle formation.
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Tajbakhsh S, Rocancourt D, Cossu G, Buckingham M. Redefining the genetic hierarchies controlling skeletal myogeneis: pax 3 and myf5 act upstream of myoD. of outstanding interest Cell. 89:1997;127-138 This paper establishes Pax3 as a key regulator in skeletal muscle development. By a genetic approach, the authors demonstrate that MyoD gene activation in body muscle precursors is dependent on either Pax3 or Myf-5. In Pax3/Myf-5 double homozygous mutant mice, MyoD is not expressed and body muscles are completely absent. Thus, Pax3 and Myf-5 define two distinct myogenic pathways and both genes act genetically upstream of MyoD. This hierarchy, however, does not apply to head muscle formation.
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Cell
, vol.89
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Tajbakhsh, S.1
Rocancourt, D.2
Cossu, G.3
Buckingham, M.4
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32
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0030891318
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Ectopic pax3 activates myoD and myf5 expression in embryonic mesoderm and neural tissue
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of outstanding interest. The study demonstrates that signals from ectoderm or Wnt and Sonic hedgehog can induce dermomyotomal and myotomal markers in presegmented mesoderm. Pax3 and Pax7 are induced concomitantly with Myf-5 and prior to MyoD. Moreover, retroviral expression of Pax3 in embryonic tissues, such as paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm as well as neural tube explants induces MyoD expression and myogenesis in the absence of inducing signals. These results imply that Pax3 mediates activation of Myf-5 and MyoD expression in response to muscle-inducing signals.
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Maroto M, Reshef R, Münsterberg AE, Koester S, Goulding M, Lassar AB. Ectopic pax3 activates myoD and myf5 expression in embryonic mesoderm and neural tissue. of outstanding interest Cell. 89:1997;139-148 The study demonstrates that signals from ectoderm or Wnt and Sonic hedgehog can induce dermomyotomal and myotomal markers in presegmented mesoderm. Pax3 and Pax7 are induced concomitantly with Myf-5 and prior to MyoD. Moreover, retroviral expression of Pax3 in embryonic tissues, such as paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm as well as neural tube explants induces MyoD expression and myogenesis in the absence of inducing signals. These results imply that Pax3 mediates activation of Myf-5 and MyoD expression in response to muscle-inducing signals.
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Cell
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Maroto, M.1
Reshef, R.2
Münsterberg, A.E.3
Koester, S.4
Goulding, M.5
Lassar, A.B.6
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Mice lacking paraxis and Myf-5 display severe defects in skeletal muscle and axial skeleton
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Rawls JA, Parsons S, Wilson-Rawls NJ. Mice lacking paraxis and Myf-5 display severe defects in skeletal muscle and axial skeleton. Dev Biol. 198:1998;217.
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Lilly B, Zhao B, Ranganayakulu G, Paterson BM, Schulz RA, Olson EN. Requirement of MADS domain transcription factor D-MEF2 for muscle formation in Drosophila. Science. 267:1995;688-693.
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Ranganayakulu G, Zhao B, Dokodis A, Molkentin JD, Olson EN, Schulz RA. A series of mutations in the D-MEF2 transcription factor reveals multiple functions in larval and adult myogenesis in Drosophila. Dev Biol. 171:1995;169-181.
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