Antimicrobial function of human saliva - How important is it for oral health?

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica

Volumn 56, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 250-256

  Tenovuo, Jorma ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Antimicrobials; Dental caries; Host defense; Immunoglobulins; Peroxidases; Saliva

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; HYPOTHIOCYANITE ION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS; PEROXIDASE; SALIVA PROTEIN; THIOCYANIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

DENTAL CARIES; ENZYMOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; INNATE IMMUNITY; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; MOUTH; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SALIVA; SECRETION;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; DENTAL CARIES; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES; MOUTH; PERIODONTAL DISEASES; PEROXIDASES; SALIVA; SALIVARY PROTEINS; SECRETORY RATE; THIOCYANATES;

EID: 0032177402     PISSN: 00016357     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/000163598428400     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Nishioka H, Nishi K, Kyokane K. Human saliva inactivates mutagenicity of carcinogens. Mutat Res 1981;85:323-33.
2. Stich HF, Rosin MP, Bryson L. The inhibitory effect of whole and deproteinized saliva on mutagenicity and clastogenicity resulting from a model nitrosation reaction. Mutat Res 1982; 97:283-92.
3. Tenovuo J. The biochemistry of nitrates, nitrites, nitrosamines and other potential carcinogens in human saliva. J Oral Pathol 1986;15:303-7.
4. Purdy MA, Tenovuo J, Pruitt KM, White WE Jr. Effect of growth phase and cell envelope structure on susceptibility of Salmonella typhimurium to the lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system. Infect Immun 1983;39:1187-95.
5. Kamau DN, Doores S, Pruitt KM. Antibacterial activity of the lactoperoxidase system against Listeria monocytogens and Staphylococcus aurais in milk. J Food Protein 1990;53:1010-4.
6. Archibald DW, Cole GA. In vitro inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity by human salivas. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1990;6:1425-32.
7. Bergey EJ, Gu M, Collins AR, Bradway SD, Levine MJ. Modulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by human salivary secretions. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993;8:89-93.
8. Gu M, Haraszthy GG, Collins AR, Bergey EJ. Identification of salivary proteins inhibiting herpes simplex virus 1 replication. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1995;10:54-9.
9. Courtois P, Van Beers D, De Poor M, Mandelbaum IM, Pourtois M. Abolition of herpes simplex cytophatic effect after treatment with peroxidase generated hypothiocyanite. J Biol Buccale 1990;18:71-4.
10. Mikola H, Waris M, Tenovuo J. Inhibiton of herpes simplex virus type 1, respiratory syncytial virus and echovirus type 11 by peroxidase-generated hypothiocyanite. Antiviral Res 1995;26: 161-71.
11. Tenovuo J, Lehtonen O-P, Aaltonen AS, Vilja P, Tuohimaa P. Antimicrobial factors in whole saliva of human infants. Infect Immun 1986;51:49-53.
12. Mandel ID, Turett H, Alvarez J. Quantitation of salivary defense factors in human infants [abstract]. J Dent Res 1983;62:217.
13. Tenovuo J, Gråhn E, Lehtonen O-P, Hyyppä T, Karhuvaara L, Vilja P. Antimicrobial factors in saliva: ontogeny and relation to oral health. J Dent Res 1987;66:475-9.
14. Kirsnlä V, Häkkinen P, Jentsch H. Vilja P, Tenovuo J. Longitudinal analysis of the association of human salivary antimicrobial agents to caries increment and cariogenic microorganisms: a 2-year cohort study. J Dent Res 1998;77:73-80.
15. Närhi TO, Tenovuo J, Ainamo A, Vilja P. Antimicrobial factors, sialic acid and protein concentration in whole saliva of the elderly. Scand J Dent Res 1994;102:120-5.
16. Lenander-Lumikari M, Tenovuo J, Puhakka HJ, Malvaranta T, Ruuskanen O, Meurman O, et al. Salivary antimicrobial proteins and mutans streptococci in tonsillectomized children. Pediatr Dent 1992;14:86-91.
17. Kirstilä V, Tenovuo J, Ruuskanen O, Suonpää J, Meurman O, Vilja P. Longitudinal analysis of human salivary immunoglobulins, nonimmune antimicrobial agents, and microflora after tonsillectomy. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996;80:110-5.
18. Saxén L, Tenovuo J, Vilja P. Salivary defence mechanisms in juvenile periodontitis. Acta Odontol Scand 1990;48:399-407.
19. Kullaa-Mikkonen A, Tenovuo J, Sorvari T. Changes in composition of whole saliva in patients with fissured tonque. Scand J Dent Res 1985;93:522-8.
20. McGhee JR, Michalek SM. Immunobiology of dental caries: microbial aspects and local immunity. Ann Rev Microbiol 1981;35:595-638.
21. Nair PNR, Schroeder HE. Duct-associated lymphoid tissue (DALT) of minor salivary glands and mucosal immunity. Immunology 1986;57:171-80.
22. Smith DJ, King WF, Taubman MA. Salivary IgA antibody to oral streptococcal antigens in predentate infants. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1990;5:57-62.
23. Lehner T, Murray JJ, Winter GB, Caldwell J. Antibodies to Streptococcus mutans and immunoglobulin levels in children with dental caries. Arch Oral Biol 1978;23:1061-7.
24. Everhart DL, Rothenberg K, Carter WH, Klapper B. The determination of antibody to Streptococcus mutans serotypes in saliva for children ages 3 to 7 years. J Dent Res 1978;57:631-5.
25. Bamman LL, Gibbons RJ. Immunoglobulin A antibodies reactive with Streptococcus mutans in saliva of adults, children, and predentate infants. J Clin Microbiol 1979;10:538-43.
26. Gahnberg L, Smith DJ, Taubman MA, Ebersole JL. Salivary IgA antibody to glucosyltransferase of oral microbial origin in children. Arch Oral Biol 1985;30:551-6.
27. Camling E, Köhler B. Infection with the bacterium Streptococcus mutans and salivary IgA antibodies in mothers and their children. Arch Oral Biol 1987;32:817-23.
28. Tenovuo J, Lehtonen O-P, Aaltonen AS. Serum and salivary antibodies against Streptococcus mutans in young children with and without detectable oral S. mutans. Caries Res 1987;21:289-96.
29. Smith DJ, Taubman MA, Ebersole JL. Ontogeny and senescence of salivary immunity. J Dent Res 1987;66:451-6.
30. Tenovuo J. The microbiology and immunology of dental caries in children. Rev Med Microbiol 1991;2:76-82.
31. Berkenbilt DA, Bahn AN. Development of antibodies to cariogenic streptococci in children. J Am Dent Assoc 1971;83: 332-7.
32. Luo Z, Smith DJ, Taubman MA, King WF. Cross-sectional analysis of serum antibody to oral streptococcal antigens in children. J Dent Res 1988;67:554-60.
33. Tenovuo J, Lehtonen O-P, Aaltonen AS. Caries development in children in relation to the presence of mutans streptococci in dental plaque and of serum antibodies against whole cells and protein antigen I/II of S.mutans. Caries Res 1990;24:59-64.
34. Challacombe SJ, Russell MW, Hawkes JE, Bergmeier A, Lehner T. Passage of immunoglobulins from plasma to the oral cavity of rhesus monkeys. Immunology 1978;35:923-30.
35. Riviere GR, Bresnick SD, Miller JN. Saliva increases serum IgG retention on Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1988;3: 129-33.
36. Aaltonen AS, Tenovuo J, Lehtonen O-P, Saksala R, Meurman O. Serum antibodies against oral Streptococcus mutans in young children in relation to dental caries and maternal dose-contacts. Arch Oral Biol 1985:30:331-5.
37. Aaltonen AS, Tenovuo J, Lehtonen O-P. Increased dental caries activity in preschool children with low baseline levels of serum IgG antibodies against the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 1987;32:55-60.
38. Aaltonen AS, Tenovuo J, Lehtonen O-P. Maternal caries incidence, and salivary close-contacts with children affect antibody levels to Streptococcus mutans in children. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1990;5:12-8.
39. Mestecky J, Russell MW, Jackson S, Brown TA. The human IgA system: a reassessment. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1986;40: 105-14.
40. Marcotte H, Lavoie MC. Oral microbial ecology and the role of salivary immunoglobulin A. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998;62: 71-109.
41. Hanson LÅ, Björkander J, Oxelius V-A. Selective IgA deficiency. In: Chandra RK, editor. Primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1983. p. 62-84.
42. Adner PL, Ekdahl H, Sandberg LO. Studies on salivary IgA. II. Salivary IgA in cases deficient of serum IgA. Swed Dent J 1974;67:349-52.
43. Koskinen S. Long-term follow-up of health in blood donors with primary selective IgA deficiency. J Clin Immunol 1996;16:165-70.
44. Lehtonen O-P, Tenovuo J, Aaltonen AS, Vilja P. Immunoglobulins and innate factors of immunity in saliva of children prone to respiratory infections. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [C] 1987;95:35-40.
45. Cole MF, Arnold RR, Rhodes MJ, McGhee JR. Immune dysfunction and dental caries. A preliminary report. J Dent Res 1977;56:198-204.
46. Legler DW, McGhee JR, Lynch DP, Mestecky JF, Schaeffer ME, Carson J, et al. Immunodeficiency disease and dental caries in man. Arch Oral Biol 1981;26:905-10.
47. Brown LR, Mackler BF, Levy BM, Wright TE, Handler SF, Moylan JS, et al. Comparison of the plaque microflora in immunodeficient and immunocompetent dental patients. J Dent Res 1979;58:2344-52.
48. Robertson PB, Madder BF, Wright TE, Levy BM. Periodontal status of patients with abnormalities of the immune system. II. Observations over a 2-year period. J Periodontol 1980:51:70-3.
49. Norhagen Engström G, Engström P-E, Hammarstrom L, Smith CIE. Oral conditions in individuals with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency. J Periodontol 1992;63:984-9.
50. Dahlén G, Bjorkander J, Gahnberg L, Slots J, Hanson L-Å. Periodontal disease and dental caries in relation to primary IgG subclass and other humoral immunodeficiencies. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20:7-13.
51. Kirstilä V, Tenovuo J, Ruuskanen O, Nikoskelainen J, Irjala K, Vilja P. Salivary defense factors and oral health in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 1994; 14:229-36.
52. Arnold RR, Pruitt KM, Cole MF, Adamson JM, McGhee JR. Salivary antibacterial mechanisms in immunodeficiency. In: Kleinberg I, Ellison SA, Mandel ID, editors. Saliva and dental caries (a special supplement to Microbiology Abstracts): proceedings of a workshop on saliva and dental caries, 5-7 June 1978, School of Dental Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook. New York: IRL Press; 1979. p. 449-62.
53. Norhagen Engström C, Engström P-E, Hammarström L, Söder P-O, Smith CIE. Immunoglobulin levels in saliva in individuals with selective IgA deficiency: compensatory IgM secretion and its correlation with HLA and susceptibility to infections. J Clin Immunol 1989;9:279-86.
54. Järvinen H, Tenovuo J, Huovinen P. In vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans to chlorhexidine and six other antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:1158-9.
55. Hocini H, Iscaki S, Bouvet J-P, Pillot J. Unexpectedly high levels of some presumably protective secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies to dental plaque bacteria in salivas of both caries-resistant and caries-susceptible subjects. Infect Immun 1993; 61:3597-604.
56. Rudney JD. Does variability in salivary protein concentrations influence oral microbial ecology and oral health. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1995;6:343-67.
57. Rudney JD, Smith QT. Relationships between levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase and secretory immunoglobulin A in stimulated parotid saliva. Infect Immun 1985; 49:469-75.
58. Rudney JD. Relationships between human parotid saliva lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase and secretory immunoglobulin A in a large sample population. Arch Oral Biol 1989;34:499-506.
59. Tenovuo J, Jentsch H, Soukka T, Karhuvaara L. Antimicrobial factors of saliva in relation to dental caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci. J Biol Buccale 1992;20:85-90.
60. Tenovuo J, Moldoveanu Z, Mestecky J, Pruitt KM, Månsson-Rahemtulla B. Interaction of specific and innate factors of immunity: IgA enhances the antimicrobial effect of the lactoperoxidase system against Streptococcus mutans. J Immunol 1982;128:726-31.
61. Lassiter MO, Newsome AL, Sams LD, Arnold RR. Characterization of lactoferrin interaction with Streptococcus mutans. J Dent Res 1987;66:480-5.
62. Soukka T, Lumikari M, Tenovuo J. Combined inhibitory effect of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase system on the viability of Streptococcus mutans, serotype c. Scand J Dent Res 1991;99:390-6.
63. Soukka T, Lumikari M, Tenovuo J. Combined bactericidal effect of human lactoferrin and lysozyme against Streptococcus mutans serotype c. Microb Ecol Health Dis 1991;4:259-64.
64. Murakami Y, Nagata H, Amano A, Takagaki M, Shizukuishi S, Tsunemitsu A, et al. Inhibitory effects of human salivary histatins and lysozyme on coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mitis. Infect Immun 1991;59:3284-6.
65. Tenovuo J. Oral defense factors in the elderly. Endodontol Dent Traumatol 1992;8:93-8.
66. Tenovuo J, Söderling E. Chemical aids in the prevention of dental diseases in the elderly. Int Dent J 1992;42:355-64.
67. Nilner K, Vassilakos N, Birkhed D. Effect of a buffering sugar-free lozenge on intraoral pH and electrochemical action. Acta Odontol Scand 1991;49:267-72.
68. Tenovuo J, Hurme T, Ahola A, Svedberg C. Ostela I, Lenander-Lumikari M. et al. Release of cariostatic agents from a new buffering fluoride- and xylitol-containing lozenge to human whole saliva in vivo. J Oral Rehabil 1997;24:325-31.
69. Tenovuo J, Lumikari M, Soukka T. Salivary lysozyme, lactoferrin and peroxidases: antibacterial effects on cariogenic bacteria and clinical applications in preventive dentistry. Proc Finn Dent Soc 1991;87:197-208.
70. Pruitt KM, Reiter B. Biochemistry of peroxidase system: antimicrobial effects. In: Pruitt KM, Tenovuo J, editors. The lactoperoxidase system, chemistry and biological significance. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1985. p. 143-78.
71. Tenovuo J, Mäkinen KK, Sievers G. Antibacterial effect of lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase against Bacillus cereus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985;27:96-101.
72. Tenovuo J, Anttila O, Lumikari M, Sievers G. Antibacterial effect of myeloperoxidase against Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1988;3:68-71.
73. Tenovuo J. Salivary peroxidase. In: Everse J, Everse KE, Grisham M, editors. Peroxidases: chemistry and biology. Vol I. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1991. p. 181-97.
74. Tenovuo J, Månsson-Rahemtulla B, Pruitt KM, Arnold R. Inhibition of dental plaque acid production by the salivary lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system. Infect Immun 1981;34: 208-14.
75. Pruitt KM, Tenovuo J, Fleming W, Adamson M. Limiting factors for the generation of hypothiocyanite ion, an antimicrobial agent in human saliva. Caries Res 1982;16:315-23.
76. BánóczyJB, Dombi C, Czegledly A, Sari K. A clinical study with lactoperoxidase- containing gel and toothpaste in patients with dry mouth syndrome. J Clin Dent 1994;5:65-9.
77. van Steenberghe D, Van den Eynde E, Jacobs R, Quirynen M. Effect of a lactoperoxidase containing toothpaste in radiation-induced xerostomia. Int Dent J 1994;44:133-8.
78. Mulligan R, Navazesh M, Slots J. Antibacterial activity of an alcohol-free mouthwash with enzymes [abstract]. J Dent Res 1992;71:156.
79. Kirstilä V, Lenander-Lumikari M, Söderling E, Tenovuo J. Effects of oral hygiene products containing lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and lactoferrin on the composition of whole saliva and on subjective oral symptoms in patients with xerostomia. Acta Odontol Scand 1996;54:391-7.
80. Lenander-Lumikari M, Loimaranta V, Hannuksela S, Tenovuo J, Ekstrand J. Combined inhibitory effect of fluoride and hypothiocyanite on the viability and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans, serotype c. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1997; 12:231-5.
81. Czerkinsky C, Russell MW, Lycke N, Lindblad M, Holmgren J. Oral administration of a streptococcal antigen coupled to cholera toxin B subunit evokes strong antibody responses in salivary glands and extramucosal tissues. Infect Immun 1989;57:1072-7.
82. Redman TK, Harmon CC, Lallone RL, Michalek SM. Oral immunization with recombinant Salmonella typhimurium expressing surface protein antigen A of Streptococcus sobrinus: dose response and induction of protective humoral responses in rats. Infect Immun 1995;63:2004-11.
83. Lehner T, Caldwell J, Smith R. Local passive immunization by monoclonal antibodies against streptococcal antigen I/II in the prevention of dental caries. Infect Immun 1985;50:796-9.
84. Filler SJ, Gregory RL, Michalek SM, Katz J, McGhee JR. Effect of immune bovine milk on Streptococcus mutans in human dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 1991;36:41-7.
85. Hatta H, Tsuda K, Ozcki M, Kim M, Yamamoto T, Otake S, et al. Passive immunization against dental plaque formation in humans: effect of a mouth rinse containing egg yolk antibodies (IgY) specific to Streptococcus mutans. Caries Res 1997;31:268-74.
86. Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J, Virtanen S, Marnila P, Syväoja E-L, Tupasela T, et al. Generation of bovine immune colostrum against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and its effect on glucose uptake and extracellular polysaccharide formation by mutans streptococci. Vaccine 1997;15:1261-8.
87. Ma JK-C, Lehner T, Stabila P, Fux CI, Hiatt A. Assembly of monoclonal antibodies with IgG1 and IgA heavy chain domains in transgenic tobacco plants. Eur J Immunol 1994;24:131-8.
88. Loimaranta V, Carlén A, Olsson J, Tenovuo J, Syväoja E-L, Korhonen H. Concentrated bovine colostral whey proteins from Streptococcus mutans/Strep. sobrinus immunized cows inhibit the adherence of Strep. mutans and promote aggregation of mutans streptococci, J Dairy Res. In press 1998.
89. Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J, Korhonen H. Combined inhibitory effect of bovine immune whey and peroxidase-generated hypothiocyanite against glucose uptake by Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol. In press 1998.