Effects of Rumen-undegradable Protein and Feed Intake on Purine Derivative and Urea Nitrogen: Comparison with Predictions from the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 81, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 2421-2429

  Moscardini, S ^a   Wright, T C ^b   Luimes, P H ^b   McBride, B W ^b   Susmel, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UDINE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Dairy cows; Purine derivatives; Rumen undegradable protein; Urea N

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BOS TAURUS;

NITROGEN; PURINE DERIVATIVE; UREA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CATTLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIET; EATING; FEMALE; METABOLISM; MILK; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN INTAKE; RUMINANT STOMACH; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; URINE;

ANIMALS; BLOOD UREA NITROGEN; CATTLE; DIET; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DIETARY PROTEINS; EATING; FEMALE; MILK; NITROGEN; PURINES; RUMEN; UREA;

EID: 0032160513     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)70133-X     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Baker, L. D., J. D. Ferguson, and W. Chalupa. 1995. Responses in urea and true protein of milk to different protein feeding schemes for dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78:2424-2434.
2. Balcells, J., J. A. Guada, C. Castrillo, and J. Gasa. 1991. Urinary excretion of allantoin and allantion precursors by sheep after different rates of purine infusion into the duodenum. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 116:309-317.
3. Botts, R. L., R. W. Hemken, and L. S. Bull. 1979. Protein reserves in the lactating dairy cow. J. Dairy Sci. 62:433-440.
4. Broderick, G. A., and M. K. Clayton. 1997. A statistical evaluation of animal and nutritional factors influencing concentrations of milk urea nitrogen. J. Dairy Sci. 80:2964-2971.
5. Calsamiglia, S., M. D. Stern, and J. L. Firkins. 1996. Comparison of nitrogen-15 and purines as microbial markers in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1375-1381.
6. Chen, X. B., F. D. Hovell, E. R. Ørskov, and D. S. Brown. 1990. Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply on purine derivative excretion by sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 63:131-142.
7. Chen, X. B., G. Grubic, E. R. Ørskov, and P. Osuji. 1992. Effect of feeding frequency on diurnal variation in plasma and urinary purine derivatives in steers. Anim. Prod. 55:185-191.
8. Chen, X. B., P. Susmel, B. Stefanon, and E. R. Ørskov. 1996. On the use of purine derivatives in spot urine, plasma and milk samples as indicators of microbial protein supply in sheep and cattle. Pages 325-329 in Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Protein Metab. Nutr., Santarem, Portugal. EAAP Publ. No. 81. Estacao Zootecnica Nacional, Santarem, Portugal.
9. Cornell Net Protein and Carbohydrate System. 1994. A Manual for Using the Cornell Net Protein and Carbohydrate System for Evaluating Cattle Diets. Rev. CNCPS Release 3. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
10. DePeters, E. J., and J. D. Ferguson. 1992. Nonprotein nitrogen and protein distribution in the milk of cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75: 3192-3209.
11. Dijkstra, J., and J. France. 1996. A comparative evaluation of models of whole rumen function. Ann. Zootech. (Paris) 45(Suppl.):175-192.
12. Erasmus, L. J., P. M. Botha, C. W. Cruywagen, and H. H. Meissner. 1994. Amino acid profile and intestinal digestibility in dairy cows of rumen-undegradable protein from various feedstuffs. J. Dairy Sci. 77:541-551.
13. Eriksson, L., and M. Valtonen. 1982. Renal urea handling in goats fed high and low protein diets. J. Dairy Sci. 65:385-389.
14. Fujihara, T., E. R. Ørskov, P. J. Reeds, and D. J. Kyle. 1987. The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric infusion. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 109:7-12.
15. Greger, R., F. Lang, and P. Deetjen. 1976. Renal excretion of purine metabolites, urate and allantoin, by the mammalian kidney. Pages 257-281 in International Review of Physiology: Kidney and Urinary Tract Physiology II. Vol. 11. K. Thurau, ed. Univ. Park Press, Baltimore, IL.
16. Hoover, W. H., and S. R. Stokes. 1991. Balancing carbohydrates and proteins for optimum rumen microbial yield. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3630-3644.
17. Mabjeesh, S. J., A. Arieli, I. Bruckental, S. Zamwell, and H. Tagari. 1996. Effect of type of protein supplementation on duodenal amino acid flow and absorption in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1792-1801.
18. Nocek, J. E., and J. B. Russell. 1988. Protein and energy as an integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial synthesis and milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2070-2107.
19. O'Connor, J. D., C. J. Sniffen, D. G. Fox, and W. Chalupa. 1993. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: IV. Predicting amino acid adequacy. J. Dairy Sci. 76: 1298-1311.
20. Oldham, J. D. 1984. Protein-energy interrelationships in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 67:1090-1114.
21. Rabinowitz, L., and R. A. Gunther. 1972. Excretion and digestion. Pages 118-120 in Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ruminants. Vol. I - Digestive Physiology. 2nd ed. D. C. Church, ed. Oxford Press Inc., Portland, OR.
22. Roseler, D. K., J. D. Ferguson, C. J. Sniffen, and J. Herrema. 1993. Dietary protein degradability effects on plasma and milk urea nitrogen and milk and protein nitrogen in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:525-534.
23. Russell, J. B., J. D. O'Connor, D. G. Fox, P. J. Van Soest, and C. J. Sniffen. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3551-3561.
24. Rys, R., A. Antoniewicz, and J. Maciejewicz. 1975. Allantoin in the urine as an index of microbial protein in the rumen. Pages 95-98 in Tracer Studies of Non-Protein Nitrogen for Ruminants. Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
25. SAS® User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6.03 Edition. 1988. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
26. Satter, L. D., and R. E. Roffler. 1975. Nitrogen requirements and utilization in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 58:1219-1237.
27. Sniffen, C. J., J. D. O'Connor, P. J. Van Soest, D. G. Fox, and J. B. Russell. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3562-3577.
28. Stefanon, B., C. R. Mills, M. Spanghero, and P. Susmel. 1996. An evaluation of purine derivatives as indicators of rumen microbial protein synthesis in dry and lactating cows. Pages 147-152 in Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Protein Metab. Nutr., Santarem, Portugal. EAAP Publ. No. 81. Estacao Zootecnica Nacional, Santarem, Portugal.
29. Topps, J. H., and R. C. Elliott. 1965. Relationships between concentration of ruminal nucleic acids and excretion of purine derivatives by sheep. Nature (Lond.) 205:498-499.
30. Vagnoni, D. B., G. A. Broderick, M. K. Clayton, and R. D. Hatfield. 1997. Excretion of purine derivatives by Holstein cows abomasally infused with incremental amounts of purines. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1695-1702.
31. Van Kessel, J. S., and J. B. Russell. 1996. The effect of amino nitrogen on the energetics of ruminal bacteria and its impact on energy spilling. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1237-1243.
32. Verbic, J., X. B. Chen, N. A. MacLeod, and E. R. Ørskov. 1990. Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants. Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusion on purine derivative excretion by steers. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 114:243-248.
33. Wright, T. C., S. Moscardini, P. H. Luimes, P. Susmel, and B. W. McBride. 1998. Effects of rumen-undegradable protein and feed intake on milk protein production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:784-793.