메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 75, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 589-606

Stereotype Efficiency Reconsidered: Encoding Flexibility under Cognitive Load

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; HUMAN; MOTIVATION; PERCEPTION; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; REPRODUCIBILITY; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENT; TIME;

EID: 0032159224     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.589     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (210)

References (92)
  • 2
    • 84923722499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of expectancy violating behaviors in the representation of trait knowledge: A summary-plus-exemplar model of social memory
    • (in press)
    • Babey, S. H., Queller, S., & Klein, S. B. (in press). The role of expectancy violating behaviors in the representation of trait knowledge: A summary-plus-exemplar model of social memory. Social Cognition.
    • Social Cognition
    • Babey, S.H.1    Queller, S.2    Klein, S.B.3
  • 3
    • 0030079228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of in-group/out-group status on memory for consistent and inconsistent behavior of an individual
    • Bardach, L., & Park, B. (1996). The effect of in-group/out-group status on memory for consistent and inconsistent behavior of an individual. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 169-178.
    • (1996) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.22 , pp. 169-178
    • Bardach, L.1    Park, B.2
  • 4
    • 0003103133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automaticity in action: The unconscious as repository of chronic goals and motives
    • P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Bargh, J. A., & Barndollar, K. (1996). Automaticity in action: The unconscious as repository of chronic goals and motives. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action (pp. 457-481). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1996) The Psychology of Action , pp. 457-481
    • Bargh, J.A.1    Barndollar, K.2
  • 5
    • 0001659374 scopus 로고
    • On the spontaneity of trait attribution: Converging evidence for the role of cognitive strategy
    • Bassili, J. N., & Smith, M. C. (1986). On the spontaneity of trait attribution: Converging evidence for the role of cognitive strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 239-245.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 239-245
    • Bassili, J.N.1    Smith, M.C.2
  • 8
    • 0024114756 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypic biases in social decision making and memory: Testing process models of stereotype use
    • Bodenhausen, G. V. (1988). Stereotypic biases in social decision making and memory: Testing process models of stereotype use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 726-737.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.55 , pp. 726-737
    • Bodenhausen, G.V.1
  • 9
    • 84970206396 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination
    • Bodenhausen, G. V. (1990). Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: Evidence of circadian variations in discrimination. Psychological Science, 1, 319-322.
    • (1990) Psychological Science , vol.1 , pp. 319-322
    • Bodenhausen, G.V.1
  • 10
    • 0023341099 scopus 로고
    • Social stereotypes and information processing strategies: The impact of task complexity
    • Bodenhausen, G. V. & Lichtenstein, M. (1987). Social stereotypes and information processing strategies: The impact of task complexity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 871-880.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 871-880
    • Bodenhausen, G.V.1    Lichtenstein, M.2
  • 11
    • 0002820711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes in thought and deed: Social-cognitive origins of intergroup discrimination
    • C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. A. Insko (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Bodenhausen, G. V., Macrae, C. N., & Garst, J. (1997). Stereotypes in thought and deed: Social-cognitive origins of intergroup discrimination. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. A. Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 311-335). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1997) Intergroup Cognition and Intergroup Behavior , pp. 311-335
    • Bodenhausen, G.V.1    Macrae, C.N.2    Garst, J.3
  • 12
    • 0003003138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the dialectics of discrimination: Dual processes in social stereotyping
    • (in press) S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Bodenhausen, G. V., Macrae, C. N., & Sherman, J. W. (in press). On the dialectics of discrimination: Dual processes in social stereotyping. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual process theories in social psychology. New York: Guilford Press.
    • Dual Process Theories in Social Psychology
    • Bodenhausen, G.V.1    Macrae, C.N.2    Sherman, J.W.3
  • 13
    • 0002046520 scopus 로고
    • A dual process model of impression formation
    • T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Brewer, M. B. (1988). A dual process model of impression formation. In T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 1-36). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1988) Advances in Social Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 1-36
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 15
    • 0028472784 scopus 로고
    • Bioelectrical echoes from evaluative categorizations: I. A late positive brain potential that varies as a function of trait negativity and extremity
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Crites, S. L., Jr., Gardner, W. L., & Berntson, G. G. (1994). Bioelectrical echoes from evaluative categorizations: I. A late positive brain potential that varies as a function of trait negativity and extremity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 115-125.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 115-125
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Crites S.L., Jr.2    Gardner, W.L.3    Berntson, G.G.4
  • 16
    • 0002016719 scopus 로고
    • Heuristic and systematic processing within and beyond the persuasion context
    • J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Chaiken, S., Liberman, A., & Eagly, A. H. (1989). Heuristic and systematic processing within and beyond the persuasion context. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 212-252). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1989) Unintended Thought , pp. 212-252
    • Chaiken, S.1    Liberman, A.2    Eagly, A.H.3
  • 20
    • 84973937997 scopus 로고
    • Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?
    • Donchin, E., & Coles, M. G. H. (1988). Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 355-372.
    • (1988) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.11 , pp. 355-372
    • Donchin, E.1    Coles, M.G.H.2
  • 21
    • 0000827030 scopus 로고
    • Contextual effects on word perception and eye movements during reading
    • Ehrlich, S. F., & Rayner, K. (1981). Contextual effects on word perception and eye movements during reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 641-655.
    • (1981) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.20 , pp. 641-655
    • Ehrlich, S.F.1    Rayner, K.2
  • 22
    • 85047684184 scopus 로고
    • Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior
    • Fiske, S. T. (1980). Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 889-906.
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 889-906
    • Fiske, S.T.1
  • 23
    • 77957060940 scopus 로고
    • A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation
    • M. P. Zanna (Ed.), New York: Academic Press
    • Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 1-74). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1990) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 1-74
    • Fiske, S.T.1    Neuberg, S.L.2
  • 24
    • 0002699823 scopus 로고
    • Recent research on selective exposure to information
    • Frey, D. (1986). Recent research on selective exposure to information. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 41-80.
    • (1986) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 41-80
    • Frey, D.1
  • 25
    • 58149205679 scopus 로고
    • The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic beliefs
    • Gilbert, D. T., & Hixon, J. G. (1991). The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 509-517.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 509-517
    • Gilbert, D.T.1    Hixon, J.G.2
  • 28
    • 0015072958 scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric indexes for sensitivity and bias: Computing formulas
    • Grier, J.B. (1971). Nonparametric indexes for sensitivity and bias: Computing formulas. Psychological Bulletin, 75, 424-429.
    • (1971) Psychological Bulletin , vol.75 , pp. 424-429
    • Grier, J.B.1
  • 29
    • 0002986755 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes
    • R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, J. W. (1994). Stereotypes. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 1-68). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Handbook of Social Cognition 2nd Ed. , vol.2 , pp. 1-68
    • Hamilton, D.L.1    Sherman, J.W.2
  • 33
    • 0000793538 scopus 로고
    • Development of social attitudes in children
    • Horowitz, E. L., & Horowitz, R. E. (1938). Development of social attitudes in children. Sociometry, 1, 301-338.
    • (1938) Sociometry , vol.1 , pp. 301-338
    • Horowitz, E.L.1    Horowitz, R.E.2
  • 34
    • 48749149041 scopus 로고
    • Remembering the data: Analyzing interactive processes in reading
    • Jacoby, L. L. (1983). Remembering the data: Analyzing interactive processes in reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 485-508.
    • (1983) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.22 , pp. 485-508
    • Jacoby, L.L.1
  • 35
    • 0030079289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating automatic and consciously controlled effects of study/test compatibility
    • Jacoby, L. L. (1996). Dissociating automatic and consciously controlled effects of study/test compatibility. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 32-52.
    • (1996) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.35 , pp. 32-52
    • Jacoby, L.L.1
  • 38
    • 0002376710 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual inhibition of expected inputs: The key that opens closed minds
    • Johnston, W. A., & Hawley, K. J. (1994). Perceptual inhibition of expected inputs: The key that opens closed minds. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 1, 56-72.
    • (1994) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , vol.1 , pp. 56-72
    • Johnston, W.A.1    Hawley, K.J.2
  • 41
    • 0346482982 scopus 로고
    • Partial-reinforcement effects in attitude acquisition and counter-conditioning
    • Kerpelman, J. P., & Himmelfarb, S. (1971). Partial-reinforcement effects in attitude acquisition and counter-conditioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 19, 301-305.
    • (1971) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 301-305
    • Kerpelman, J.P.1    Himmelfarb, S.2
  • 42
    • 0015803023 scopus 로고
    • Processing demands during mental operations
    • Kerr, B. (1973). Processing demands during mental operations. Memory and Cognition, 1, 401-412.
    • (1973) Memory and Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 401-412
    • Kerr, B.1
  • 43
    • 0141772399 scopus 로고
    • Exercise and the illusory correlation: Does arousal heighten stereotypic processing?
    • Kim, H-S., & Baron, R. S. (1988). Exercise and the illusory correlation: Does arousal heighten stereotypic processing? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 366-380.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 366-380
    • Kim, H.-S.1    Baron, R.S.2
  • 44
    • 0001636453 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis-testing
    • Klayman, J., & Ha, Y. W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis-testing. Psychological Review, 94, 211-228.
    • (1987) Psychological Review , vol.94 , pp. 211-228
    • Klayman, J.1    Ha, Y.W.2
  • 46
    • 0001383722 scopus 로고
    • The freezing and unfreezing of lay inferences: Effects on impressional primacy, ethnic stereotyping, and numerical anchoring
    • Kruglanski, A. W., & Freund, T. (1983). The freezing and unfreezing of lay inferences: Effects on impressional primacy, ethnic stereotyping, and numerical anchoring. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 448-468.
    • (1983) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 448-468
    • Kruglanski, A.W.1    Freund, T.2
  • 47
    • 0004028916 scopus 로고
    • New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
    • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
    • (1922) Public Opinion
    • Lippmann, W.1
  • 51
    • 0001119546 scopus 로고
    • Reenacting the route to interpretation: Enhanced perceptual identification without prior perception
    • Masson, M. E. J., & MacLeod, C. M. (1992). Reenacting the route to interpretation: Enhanced perceptual identification without prior perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 145-176.
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.121 , pp. 145-176
    • Masson, M.E.J.1    MacLeod, C.M.2
  • 52
    • 0029340352 scopus 로고
    • Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory
    • McClelland, J. L., McNaughton, B. L., & O'Reilly, R. C. (1995). Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychological Review, 102, 419-457.
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , pp. 419-457
    • McClelland, J.L.1    McNaughton, B.L.2    O'Reilly, R.C.3
  • 53
    • 77956837098 scopus 로고
    • Inducing resistance to persuasion: Some contemporary approaches
    • L. Berkowitz Ed.], San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • McGuire, W. J. (1964). Inducing resistance to persuasion: Some contemporary approaches. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.], Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 191-229). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1964) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 191-229
    • McGuire, W.J.1
  • 54
    • 0001181032 scopus 로고
    • Social categorization: Structures, processes, and purposes
    • T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Medin, D. L. (1988). Social categorization: Structures, processes, and purposes. In T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 119-126). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1988) Advances in Social Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 119-126
    • Medin, D.L.1
  • 56
    • 0003015874 scopus 로고
    • A framework for representing knowledge
    • P. H. Winston (Ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Minsky, M. (1975). A framework for representing knowledge. In P. H. Winston (Ed.), The psychology of computer vision (pp. 211-277). New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1975) The Psychology of Computer Vision , pp. 211-277
    • Minsky, M.1
  • 59
    • 0030005602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divided attention and indirect memory tests
    • Mulligan, N. W., & Hartman, M. (1996). Divided attention and indirect memory tests. Memory & Cognition, 24, 453-465.
    • (1996) Memory & Cognition , vol.24 , pp. 453-465
    • Mulligan, N.W.1    Hartman, M.2
  • 63
    • 44949276080 scopus 로고
    • Stereotyping based on apparently individuating information: Trait and global components of sex stereotypes under attention overload
    • Pratto, F., & Bargh, J. A. (1991). Stereotyping based on apparently individuating information: Trait and global components of sex stereotypes under attention overload. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 26-47.
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 26-47
    • Pratto, F.1    Bargh, J.A.2
  • 67
    • 0004218346 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge. England: Cambridge University Press
    • Schank, R. C. (1982). Dynamic memory. Cambridge. England: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1982) Dynamic Memory
    • Schank, R.C.1
  • 69
    • 0030162973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and mental representation of stereotypes
    • Sherman, J. W. (1996). Development and mental representation of stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1126-1141.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 1126-1141
    • Sherman, J.W.1
  • 70
    • 84923722497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes as source monitoring cues: On the interaction between episodic and semantic memory
    • (in press)
    • Sherman, J. W., & Bessenoff, G. R. (in press). Stereotypes as source monitoring cues: On the interaction between episodic and semantic memory. Psychological Science.
    • Psychological Science
    • Sherman, J.W.1    Bessenoff, G.R.2
  • 74
    • 0000080038 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of multiple memory systems
    • Sherry, D. F., & Schacter, D. L. (1987). The evolution of multiple memory systems. Psychological Review, 94, 439-454.
    • (1987) Psychological Review , vol.94 , pp. 439-454
    • Sherry, D.F.1    Schacter, D.L.2
  • 76
    • 38249041853 scopus 로고
    • Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis-confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation
    • Skov, R. B., & Sherman, S. J. (1986). Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis-confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 93-121.
    • (1986) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 93-121
    • Skov, R.B.1    Sherman, S.J.2
  • 77
    • 0002912368 scopus 로고
    • Methodological techniques for the study of person memory and social cognition
    • R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Srull, T. K. (1984). Methodological techniques for the study of person memory and social cognition. In R. S. Wyer, Jr., & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 1-72). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1984) Handbook of Social Cognition , vol.2 , pp. 1-72
    • Srull, T.K.1
  • 79
    • 0001564479 scopus 로고
    • Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups
    • Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 357-378.
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 357-378
    • Stangor, C.1    Duan, C.2
  • 80
    • 0001974999 scopus 로고
    • Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information: A review of the social and social developmental literatures
    • Stangor, C., & McMillan, D. (1992). Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information: A review of the social and social developmental literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 42-61.
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.111 , pp. 42-61
    • Stangor, C.1    McMillan, D.2
  • 81
    • 58149368574 scopus 로고
    • Processing time and the recall of inconsistent and consistent behaviors of individuals and groups
    • Stern, L. D., Marrs, S., Millar, M. G., & Cole, E. (1984). Processing time and the recall of inconsistent and consistent behaviors of individuals and groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 253-262.
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 253-262
    • Stern, L.D.1    Marrs, S.2    Millar, M.G.3    Cole, E.4
  • 82
    • 0001834643 scopus 로고
    • Affect and perceived group variability: Implications for stereotyping and prejudice
    • D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Stroessner, S. J., & Mackie, D. M. (1993). Affect and perceived group variability: Implications for stereotyping and prejudice. In D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception (pp. 63-86). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1993) Affect, Cognition, and Stereotyping: Interactive Processes in Group Perception , pp. 63-86
    • Stroessner, S.J.1    Mackie, D.M.2
  • 83
    • 0021505979 scopus 로고
    • Quest for accuracy in person perception: A matter of pragmatics
    • Swann, W. B., Jr. (1984). Quest for accuracy in person perception: A matter of pragmatics. Psychological Review, 91, 457-477.
    • (1984) Psychological Review , vol.91 , pp. 457-477
    • Swann W.B., Jr.1
  • 84
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The social identity theory of intergroup behavior
    • S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Chicago: Nelson-Hall
    • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), The psychology of intergroup relations (2nd ed., pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
    • (1986) The Psychology of Intergroup Relations 2nd Ed. , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 85
    • 0002133262 scopus 로고
    • Schematic bases of social information processing
    • E. T. Higgins, C. P. Herman, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Taylor, S. E., & Crocker, J. (1981). Schematic bases of social information processing. In E. T. Higgins, C. P. Herman, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Social cognition: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 1, pp. 89-134). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Social Cognition: The Ontario Symposium , vol.1 , pp. 89-134
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Crocker, J.2
  • 86
  • 87
    • 0028586046 scopus 로고
    • Novelty encoding networks in the human brain: Positron emission tomography data
    • Tulving, E., Markowitsch, H. J., Kapur, S., Habib, R., & Houle, S. (1994). Novelty encoding networks in the human brain: Positron emission tomography data. Neuroreport, 5, 2525-2528.
    • (1994) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 2525-2528
    • Tulving, E.1    Markowitsch, H.J.2    Kapur, S.3    Habib, R.4    Houle, S.5
  • 88
    • 0015705636 scopus 로고
    • Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory
    • Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 352-373.
    • (1973) Psychological Review , vol.80 , pp. 352-373
    • Tulving, E.1    Thomson, D.M.2
  • 91
    • 0020828148 scopus 로고
    • Consequences of schemata for attention, impressions, and recall in complex social interactions
    • White, J. D., & Carlston, D. E. (1983). Consequences of schemata for attention, impressions, and recall in complex social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 538-549.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 538-549
    • White, J.D.1    Carlston, D.E.2
  • 92
    • 0024540695 scopus 로고
    • Role of competition-induced anxiety in limiting the beneficial impact of positive behavior by an outgroup member
    • Wilder, D. A., & Shapiro, P. (1989). Role of competition-induced anxiety in limiting the beneficial impact of positive behavior by an outgroup member. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 60-69.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 60-69
    • Wilder, D.A.1    Shapiro, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.