메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 97-101

XII. PCR for detecting Pneumocystis carinii in clinical or environmental samples

Author keywords

Clinical sample; DNA amplification; Environmental sample; Pneumocystis carinii; Polymerase chain reaction

Indexed keywords

BLOOD; CONFERENCE PAPER; ENVIRONMENT; GENE AMPLIFICATION; MONONUCLEAR CELL; PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII; PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STAINING; ARTICLE; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; PNEUMOCYSTIS;

EID: 0032148377     PISSN: 09288244     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0928-8244(98)00061-3     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (25)

References (53)
  • 2
    • 0027273665 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction in comparison with immunofluorescence in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens
    • Tamburrini, E., Mencarini, P., De Luca, A., Maiuro, G., Ventura, G., Siracusano, A., Ortona, E. and Vicari, G. (1993) Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction in comparison with immunofluorescence in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. J. Med. Microbiol. 38, 449-453.
    • (1993) J. Med. Microbiol. , vol.38 , pp. 449-453
    • Tamburrini, E.1    Mencarini, P.2    De Luca, A.3    Maiuro, G.4    Ventura, G.5    Siracusano, A.6    Ortona, E.7    Vicari, G.8
  • 3
    • 0027722236 scopus 로고
    • Direct monitoring as well as sensitive diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by polymerase chain reaction on sputum samples
    • Oka, S., Kitada, K., Kohjin, T., Nakamura, Y., Kimura, S. and Shimada, K. (1993) Direct monitoring as well as sensitive diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by polymerase chain reaction on sputum samples. Mol. Cell. Probes 7, 419-424.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Probes , vol.7 , pp. 419-424
    • Oka, S.1    Kitada, K.2    Kohjin, T.3    Nakamura, Y.4    Kimura, S.5    Shimada, K.6
  • 4
    • 0025774559 scopus 로고
    • DNA amplification on induced sputum samples for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Wakefield, A.E., Guiver, L., Miller, R.F. and Hopkin, J.M. (1991) DNA amplification on induced sputum samples for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Lancet 337, 1378-1379.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1378-1379
    • Wakefield, A.E.1    Guiver, L.2    Miller, R.F.3    Hopkin, J.M.4
  • 5
    • 0026801117 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of DNA amplification and immunofluorescense for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy
    • Leigh, T.R., Wakefield, A.E., Peters, S.E., Hopkin, J.M. and Collins, J.V. (1992) Comparison of DNA amplification and immunofluorescense for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Transplantation 54, 468-470.
    • (1992) Transplantation , vol.54 , pp. 468-470
    • Leigh, T.R.1    Wakefield, A.E.2    Peters, S.E.3    Hopkin, J.M.4    Collins, J.V.5
  • 6
    • 0028108633 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates of leukaemic infants with pneumonia
    • Richards, C.G.M., Wakefield, A.E. and Mitchell, C.D. (1994) Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates of leukaemic infants with pneumonia. Arch. Dis. Child. 71, 254-255.
    • (1994) Arch. Dis. Child. , vol.71 , pp. 254-255
    • Richards, C.G.M.1    Wakefield, A.E.2    Mitchell, C.D.3
  • 10
    • 0027197362 scopus 로고
    • Tissue culture isolation of Pneumocystis carinii from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AIDS patients with PCP
    • Contini, C., Romani, R., Manganaro, M., Sorice, F. and Delia, S. (1993) Tissue culture isolation of Pneumocystis carinii from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AIDS patients with PCP. AIDS 7, 1137-1138.
    • (1993) AIDS , vol.7 , pp. 1137-1138
    • Contini, C.1    Romani, R.2    Manganaro, M.3    Sorice, F.4    Delia, S.5
  • 11
    • 0026774251 scopus 로고
    • Application of DNA amplification to pneumocystosis: Presence of serum Pneumocystis carinii DNA during human and experimentally induced Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Schluger, N., Godwin, T., Sepkowitz, K., Armstrong, D., Bernard, E., Rifkin, M., Cerami, A. and Bucala, R. (1992) Application of DNA amplification to pneumocystosis: presence of serum Pneumocystis carinii DNA during human and experimentally induced Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J. Exp. Med. 176, 1327-1333.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Med. , vol.176 , pp. 1327-1333
    • Schluger, N.1    Godwin, T.2    Sepkowitz, K.3    Armstrong, D.4    Bernard, E.5    Rifkin, M.6    Cerami, A.7    Bucala, R.8
  • 13
    • 0010295313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in haematological patients using PCR on oral washes
    • Helweg-Larsen, J., Jensen, J.S. and Lundgren, B. (1997) Non-invasive diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in haematological patients using PCR on oral washes. Lancet 350, 1365.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1365
    • Helweg-Larsen, J.1    Jensen, J.S.2    Lundgren, B.3
  • 14
    • 0027156787 scopus 로고
    • Oropharyngeal samples for detection of Pneumocystis carinii by DNA amplification
    • Wakefield, A.E., Miller, R.F., Guiver, L.A. and Hopkin, J.M. (1993) Oropharyngeal samples for detection of Pneumocystis carinii by DNA amplification. Q. J. Med. 86, 401-406.
    • (1993) Q. J. Med. , vol.86 , pp. 401-406
    • Wakefield, A.E.1    Miller, R.F.2    Guiver, L.A.3    Hopkin, J.M.4
  • 15
    • 0028841235 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of PCR and standard cytological staining for detection of Pneumocystis carinii from respiratory specimens from patients with or at high risk for infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    • Leibovitz, E., Pollack, H., More, T., Papellas, J., Galo, L., Krasinski, K. and Borkowsky, W. (1995) Comparison of PCR and standard cytological staining for detection of Pneumocystis carinii from respiratory specimens from patients with or at high risk for infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 3004-3007.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 3004-3007
    • Leibovitz, E.1    Pollack, H.2    More, T.3    Papellas, J.4    Galo, L.5    Krasinski, K.6    Borkowsky, W.7
  • 17
    • 0030871012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Use of a simple DNA extraction procedure and nested PCR
    • Rabodonirina, M., Raffenot, D., Cotte, L., Boibieux, A., Mayencon, M., Bayle, G., Persat, F., Rabatel, F., Trepo, C., Payramond, D. and Piens, M.-A. (1997) Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Use of a simple DNA extraction procedure and nested PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 2748-2751.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 2748-2751
    • Rabodonirina, M.1    Raffenot, D.2    Cotte, L.3    Boibieux, A.4    Mayencon, M.5    Bayle, G.6    Persat, F.7    Rabatel, F.8    Trepo, C.9    Payramond, D.10    Piens, M.-A.11
  • 18
    • 0029078988 scopus 로고
    • Use of polymerase chain reaction technique on induced-sputum samples for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients
    • Chouaid, C., Roux, P., Lavard, I., Poirot, J.L. and Housset, B. (1995) Use of polymerase chain reaction technique on induced-sputum samples for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 104, 72-75.
    • (1995) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.104 , pp. 72-75
    • Chouaid, C.1    Roux, P.2    Lavard, I.3    Poirot, J.L.4    Housset, B.5
  • 19
    • 0030982164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplified sample processing combined with a sensitive one-tube nested PCR assay for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens
    • Mathis, A., Weber, R., Kuster, H. and Speich, R. (1997) Simplified sample processing combined with a sensitive one-tube nested PCR assay for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 1691-1695.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 1691-1695
    • Mathis, A.1    Weber, R.2    Kuster, H.3    Speich, R.4
  • 20
    • 0030910612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCR detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens: Analysis of sensitivity and specificity
    • Ribes, J.A., Limper, A.H., Espy, M.J. and Smith, T.F. (1997) PCR detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens: analysis of sensitivity and specificity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 830-835.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 830-835
    • Ribes, J.A.1    Limper, A.H.2    Espy, M.J.3    Smith, T.F.4
  • 21
    • 0028343131 scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a rapid and simple procedure for detection of Pneumocystis carinii by PCR
    • Cartwright, C.P., Nelson, N.A. and Gill, V.J. (1994) Development and evaluation of a rapid and simple procedure for detection of Pneumocystis carinii by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 1634-1638.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.32 , pp. 1634-1638
    • Cartwright, C.P.1    Nelson, N.A.2    Gill, V.J.3
  • 23
    • 0029080766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of six different PCR methods for detection of Pneumocystis carinii
    • Lu, J.-J., Chen, C.-H., Bartlett, M.S., Smith, J.W. and Lee, C.-H. (1997) Comparison of six different PCR methods for detection of Pneumocystis carinii. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 2785-2788.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2785-2788
    • Lu, J.-J.1    Chen, C.-H.2    Bartlett, M.S.3    Smith, J.W.4    Lee, C.-H.5
  • 24
    • 0029890467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non specific PCR products using rat-derived Pneumocystis carini dihydrofolate reductase gene-specific primers in DNA amplification of human respiratory samples
    • Ortona, E., Margutti, P., De Luca, A., Peters, S.E., Wakefield, A.E., Tamburrini, E., Mencarini, P., Visconti, E. and Siracusano, A. (1997) Non specific PCR products using rat-derived Pneumocystis carini dihydrofolate reductase gene-specific primers in DNA amplification of human respiratory samples. Mol. Cell. Probes 10, 187-190.
    • (1997) Mol. Cell. Probes , vol.10 , pp. 187-190
    • Ortona, E.1    Margutti, P.2    De Luca, A.3    Peters, S.E.4    Wakefield, A.E.5    Tamburrini, E.6    Mencarini, P.7    Visconti, E.8    Siracusano, A.9
  • 26
    • 0027508905 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples by polymerase chain reaction
    • Olsson, M., Elvin, K., Lofdahl, S. and Linder, E. (1993) Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, 221-226.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 221-226
    • Olsson, M.1    Elvin, K.2    Lofdahl, S.3    Linder, E.4
  • 27
    • 0029879980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of Pneumocystis carinii PCR with clinical diagnosis in immunocompromised patients
    • Weig, M., Klinker, H., Wilhem, M., Lemmer, K. and Gross, U. (1996) Correlation of Pneumocystis carinii PCR with clinical diagnosis in immunocompromised patients. Lancet 347, 1266.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1266
    • Weig, M.1    Klinker, H.2    Wilhem, M.3    Lemmer, K.4    Gross, U.5
  • 28
    • 0029986137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with chronic bronchial disease
    • Calderon, E., Regordan, C., Medrano, F.J., Ollero, M. and Varela, J.M. (1996) Pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with chronic bronchial disease. Lancet 347, 977.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 977
    • Calderon, E.1    Regordan, C.2    Medrano, F.J.3    Ollero, M.4    Varela, J.M.5
  • 29
    • 0027382911 scopus 로고
    • DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction to detect subclinical Pneumocystis carinii colonization in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexuals with and without respiratory symptoms
    • Leigh, T.R., Kangro, H.O., Gazzard, B.G., Jefferies, D.J. and Collins, J.V. (1993) DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction to detect subclinical Pneumocystis carinii colonization in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexuals with and without respiratory symptoms. Respir. Med. 87, 525-529.
    • (1993) Respir. Med. , vol.87 , pp. 525-529
    • Leigh, T.R.1    Kangro, H.O.2    Gazzard, B.G.3    Jefferies, D.J.4    Collins, J.V.5
  • 30
    • 0029792466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of asymptomatic Pneumocystis carinii infection by polymerase chain reaction: Predictive for subsequent pneumonia
    • Elvin, K., Olsson, M., Lidman, C. and Bjorkman, A. (1996) Detection of asymptomatic Pneumocystis carinii infection by polymerase chain reaction: predictive for subsequent pneumonia. AIDS 10, 1296-1297.
    • (1996) AIDS , vol.10 , pp. 1296-1297
    • Elvin, K.1    Olsson, M.2    Lidman, C.3    Bjorkman, A.4
  • 31
    • 0029084132 scopus 로고
    • Polymerase chain reaction is more sensitive than standard cytologic stains in detecting Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants and children with pneumonia
    • Leibovitz, E., Pollack, H., Rigaud, M., Kaul, A., Persaud, D., Gallo, L., Papellas, J., Krasinski, W. and Borkowsky, W. (1995) Polymerase chain reaction is more sensitive than standard cytologic stains in detecting Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants and children with pneumonia. Paediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 14, 714-716.
    • (1995) Paediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , vol.14 , pp. 714-716
    • Leibovitz, E.1    Pollack, H.2    Rigaud, M.3    Kaul, A.4    Persaud, D.5    Gallo, L.6    Papellas, J.7    Krasinski, W.8    Borkowsky, W.9
  • 33
    • 0029590036 scopus 로고
    • The role of a nested polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Evans, R., Joss, A.W., Parrat, D., Pennington, T.H. and Do, H.-Y. (1995) The role of a nested polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J. Clin. Pathol. Mol. Pathol. 48, M347-M350.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Pathol. Mol. Pathol. , vol.48
    • Evans, R.1    Joss, A.W.2    Parrat, D.3    Pennington, T.H.4    Do, H.-Y.5
  • 34
    • 0028952788 scopus 로고
    • The use of a nested polymerase chain reaction for detecting Pneumocystis carinii from lung and blood in rat and human infection
    • Evans, R., Joss, A.W.L., Pennington, T.H. and Do, H.-Y. (1995) The use of a nested polymerase chain reaction for detecting Pneumocystis carinii from lung and blood in rat and human infection. J. Med. Microbiol. 42, 209-213.
    • (1995) J. Med. Microbiol. , vol.42 , pp. 209-213
    • Evans, R.1    Joss, A.W.L.2    Pennington, T.H.3    Do, H.-Y.4
  • 35
    • 0028510248 scopus 로고
    • Detection of DNA sequences identical to Pneumocystis carinii in samples of ambient air
    • Wakefield, A.E. (1994) Detection of DNA sequences identical to Pneumocystis carinii in samples of ambient air. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 41, 116s.
    • (1994) J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. , vol.41
    • Wakefield, A.E.1
  • 37
    • 0029742020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA by filtration of air
    • Olsson, M., Sukura, A., Lindberg, L. and Linder, E. (1996) Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA by filtration of air. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 28, 279-282.
    • (1996) Scand. J. Infect. Dis. , vol.28 , pp. 279-282
    • Olsson, M.1    Sukura, A.2    Lindberg, L.3    Linder, E.4
  • 38
    • 0029893853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA sequences identical to Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii and Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis in samples of air spora
    • Wakefield, A.E. (1996) DNA sequences identical to Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii and Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis in samples of air spora. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 1754-1759.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 1754-1759
    • Wakefield, A.E.1
  • 40
    • 0030869740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequences of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis strains associated with recurrent pneumonia vary at multiple loci
    • Keely, S.P. and Stringer, J.R. (1997) Sequences of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis strains associated with recurrent pneumonia vary at multiple loci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 2745-2747.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 2745-2747
    • Keely, S.P.1    Stringer, J.R.2
  • 42
    • 0028126602 scopus 로고
    • Typing of Pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans based on nucleotide sequence variations of internal transcribed spacers of rRNA genes
    • Lu, J.-J., Bartlett, M.S., Shaw, M., Queener, S.F., Smith, J.W., Ortiz-Rivera, M., Lebiowitz, M.J. and Lee, C.-H. (1994) Typing of Pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans based on nucleotide sequence variations of internal transcribed spacers of rRNA genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 2904-2912.
    • (1994) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.32 , pp. 2904-2912
    • Lu, J.-J.1    Bartlett, M.S.2    Shaw, M.3    Queener, S.F.4    Smith, J.W.5    Ortiz-Rivera, M.6    Lebiowitz, M.J.7    Lee, C.-H.8
  • 43
    • 0028805747 scopus 로고
    • Typing of Pneumocystis carinii strains with type-specific oligonucleotide probes derived from nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer of rRNA genes
    • Lu, J.-J., Bartlett, M.S., Smith, J.W. and Lee, C.-H. (1995) Typing of Pneumocystis carinii strains with type-specific oligonucleotide probes derived from nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer of rRNA genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 2973-2977.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2973-2977
    • Lu, J.-J.1    Bartlett, M.S.2    Smith, J.W.3    Lee, C.-H.4
  • 44
    • 0030017184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity at the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA operon among isolates of Pneumocystis carinii from AIDS patients with recurrent pneumonia
    • Tsolaki, A.G., Miller, R.F., Underwood, A.P., Banerji, S. and Wakefield, A.E. (1996) Genetic diversity at the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA operon among isolates of Pneumocystis carinii from AIDS patients with recurrent pneumonia. J. Infect. Dis. 174, 141-156.
    • (1996) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.174 , pp. 141-156
    • Tsolaki, A.G.1    Miller, R.F.2    Underwood, A.P.3    Banerji, S.4    Wakefield, A.E.5
  • 45
    • 0029946392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source of Pneumocystis carinii in recurrent episodes of pneumonia in AIDS patients
    • Keely, S.P., Baughman, R.P., Smulian, A.G., Dohn, M.N. and Stringer, J.R. (1996) Source of Pneumocystis carinii in recurrent episodes of pneumonia in AIDS patients. AIDS 10, 881-888.
    • (1996) AIDS , vol.10 , pp. 881-888
    • Keely, S.P.1    Baughman, R.P.2    Smulian, A.G.3    Dohn, M.N.4    Stringer, J.R.5
  • 46
    • 0030957319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of internal transcribed spacer and mitochondrial large-subunit genes of Pneumocystis carinii hominis isolated by repeated bronchoalveolar lavage from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients during one or several episodes of pneumonia
    • Latouche, S., Poirot, J.-L., Bernard, C. and Roux, P. (1997) Study of internal transcribed spacer and mitochondrial large-subunit genes of Pneumocystis carinii hominis isolated by repeated bronchoalveolar lavage from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients during one or several episodes of pneumonia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 1687-1690.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 1687-1690
    • Latouche, S.1    Poirot, J.-L.2    Bernard, C.3    Roux, P.4
  • 48
    • 0031974506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-AIDS era isolates of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis: High genotypic similarity with contemporary isolates
    • Tsolaki, A.G., Beckers, P. and Wakefield, A.E. (1998) Pre-AIDS era isolates of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis: high genotypic similarity with contemporary isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 90-93.
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 90-93
    • Tsolaki, A.G.1    Beckers, P.2    Wakefield, A.E.3
  • 49
    • 0026010127 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Pneumocystis carinii sequences by polymerase chain reaction: Animal models and clinical application to noninvasive specimens
    • Kitada, K., Oka, S., Kimura, S., Shimada, K., Serikawa, T., Yamada, J., Tsunoo, H., Egawa, K. and Nakamura, Y. (1991) Detection of Pneumocystis carinii sequences by polymerase chain reaction: Animal models and clinical application to noninvasive specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29, 1985-1990.
    • (1991) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.29 , pp. 1985-1990
    • Kitada, K.1    Oka, S.2    Kimura, S.3    Shimada, K.4    Serikawa, T.5    Yamada, J.6    Tsunoo, H.7    Egawa, K.8    Nakamura, Y.9
  • 50
    • 0030250161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic divergence at the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene among isolates of Pneumocystis carinii from five mammalian host species
    • Hunter, J.A.C. and Wakefield, A.E. (1996) Genetic divergence at the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene among isolates of Pneumocystis carinii from five mammalian host species. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 43, 24S-25S.
    • (1996) J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. , vol.43
    • Hunter, J.A.C.1    Wakefield, A.E.2
  • 52
    • 0028068411 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of clustered variants of genes encoding major surface antigens of human Pneumocystis carinii
    • Garbe, T.R. and Stringer, J.R. (1994) Molecular characterization of clustered variants of genes encoding major surface antigens of human Pneumocystis carinii. Infect. Immun. 62, 3092-101.
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 3092-3101
    • Garbe, T.R.1    Stringer, J.R.2
  • 53
    • 10244252788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-locus genotype switching in Pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis: Evidence for reinfection
    • Keely, S.P. and Stringer, J.R. (1996) Multi-locus genotype switching in Pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis: evidence for reinfection. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 43, 50s.
    • (1996) J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. , vol.43
    • Keely, S.P.1    Stringer, J.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.