The flip-side of cytoadherence: Immune selection, antigenic variation and the var genes of Plasmodium falciparum

Parasitology Today

Volumn 14, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 329-332

  Sutherland, Colin J ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PARASITE ANTIGEN;

ANTIGENIC VARIATION; ERYTHROCYTE ADHESIVENESS; GENOTYPE; MALARIA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NONHUMAN; PARASITE VIRULENCE; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; POPULATION STRUCTURE; REVIEW; STRAIN DIFFERENCE;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM;

EID: 0032145137     PISSN: 01694758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-4758(98)01276-9     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Borst P.et al. Antigenic variation in malaria. Cell. 82:1995;1-4.
2. Hommel M.et al. Surface alterations of erythrocytes in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J. Exp. Med. 157:1983;1137-1148.
3. Roberts D.J.et al. Rapid switching to multiple antigenic and adhesive phenotypes in malaria. Nature. 357:1992;689-692.
4. Smith J.D.et al. Switches in expression of Plasmodium falciparum var genes correlate with changes in antigenic and cytoadherent phenotypes of infected erythrocytes. Cell. 82:1995;101-110.
5. Su X.Z.et al. A large and diverse gene family (var) encodes 250-300 kD proteins implicated in the antigenic variation and cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Cell. 82:1995;89-100.
6. Baruch D.I.et al. Cloning the Plasmodium falciparum gene encoding PfEMP1, a malarial variant antigen and adherence receptor on the surface of parasitised human erythrocytes. Cell. 82:1995;77-87.
7. Rubio J.P.et al. The var genes of Plasmodium falciparum are located in the sub-telomeric region of most chromosomes. EMBO J. 15:1996;4069-4077.
8. Thompson J.K.et al. The chromosomal organisation of the Plasmodium falciparum var gene family is conserved. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 87:1997;49-60.
9. Fischer K.et al. Expression of var genes located within polymorphic subtelomeric domains of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1997;3679-3686.
10. Carcy B.et al. A large multi-gene family expressed during the erythrocytic schizogony of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 68:1994;221-223.
11. Bonnefoy S.et al. Evidence for distinct prototype sequences within the Plasmodium falciparum Pf60 multigene family. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 87:1997;1-11.
12. Hernandez-Rivas R.et al. Expressed var genes are found in Plasmodium falciparum subtelomeric regions. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1997;604-611.
13. Kyes S.et al. Genomic representation of var gene sequences in Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from different geographic regions. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 87:1997;235-238.
14. Aguir J.C.et al. Agglutination of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes from East and West African isolates by human sera from distant geographic regions. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 47:1992;621-632.
15. Gardner J.P.et al. Variant antigens and endothelial receptor adhesion in Plasmodium falciparum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:1996;3503-3508.
16. Dame J.B.et al. Current status of the Plasmodium falciparum genome project. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 79:1996;1-12.
17. Bourke P.F.et al. Disruption of a novel open reading frame of Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 9 by subtelomeric and internal deletions can lead to loss or maintenance of cytoadherence. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 82:1996;25-36.
18. Gupta S., Day K. A strain theory of malaria transmission. Parasitol. Today. 10:1994;476-481.
19. Gupta S., Day K.P. A theoretical framework for the immunoepidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Parasite Immunol. 16:1994;361-370.
20. Gupta S.et al. The maintenance of strain structure in populations of recombining infectious agents. Nat. Med. 2:1996;437-442.
21. Contamin H.et al. Different genetic characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected during successive malaria episodes in Senegalese children. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 54:1996;632-643.
22. Lines J., Armstrong J.R.M. For a few parasites more; inoculum size, vector control and strain-specific immunity to malaria. Parasitol. Today. 8:1992;381-383.
23. Paul R.E.L.et al. Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea. Science. 269:1995;1709-1711.
24. Babiker H.A.et al. Random mating in a natural population of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology. 109:1994;413-421.
25. Babiker H.A.et al. Population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in villages with different malaria endemicity in East Africa. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 56:1997;141-147.
26. Conway D.J., McBride J.S. Population genetics of Plasmodium falciparum within a malaria hyperendemic area. Parasitology. 103:1991;7-16.