Self-assembling behavior of living polymers

Macromolecules

Volumn 31, Issue 13, 1998, Pages 4189-4197

  Stellbrink, Jörg ^a   Willner, Lutz ^a   Jucknischke, Olaf ^a   Richter, Dieter ^a   Lindner, Peter ^b   Fetters, Lewis J ^c   Huang, John S ^c  

^a FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^b INSTITUT LAUE LANGEVIN   (France)

^c EXXONMOBIL UPSTREAM RESEARCH COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGLOMERATION; ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION; BENZENE; COMPOSITION EFFECTS; NEUTRON SCATTERING;

DIMERS; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING (SANS); TETRAMERS;

POLYMERS;

EID: 0032098001     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma971890e     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Fetters, L. J.; Balsara, N. P.; Huang, J. S.; Jeon, H.; Almdal, K.; Lin, M. Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4996.
2. Worsfold, D. J.; Bywater, S. Can. J. Chem. 1960, 38, 1981
3. van Beylen, M.; Bywater, S.; Smets, G.; Szwarc, M.; Worsfold, D. J. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1988, 86, 87.
4. Szwarc, M. Ionic Polymerization Fundamentals; Hanser/Gardner Publishers: Cincinnati, OH, 1996.
5. Morton, M.; Fetters, L. J. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1975, 48, 359
6. Gilman, H.; Cartledge, F. J. Organomet. Chem. 1964, 2, 447.
7. Bach, R. O.; Kamienski, C. W.; Ellested, R. B. Encycl. Chem Technol. 1967, 12, 529.
8. Kirste, R.; Kruse, W. A.; Schelten, J. Makromol. Chem. 1972, 162, 299.
9. Fetters, L. J.; Hadjichristidis, N.; Lindner, J. S.; Mays, J. W. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1994, 23, 619.
10. J. S. Higgins; H. C. Benoit Polymers and Neutron Scattering; Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K., 1994.
11. Debye, P. J. Phys. Colloid Chem. 1947, 51, 18.
12. Benoît, H. J. Polym. Sci. 1953, 11, 507.
13. Dozier, W. D.; Huang, J. S.; Fetters, L. J. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 2810.
14. Cassasa, E.; Berry, G. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 1966, 4, 881.
15. Weiss, E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1501. See also: Lambert, C.; Schleyer, P. v. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1129.
16. Weiss, E. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1501. See also: Lambert, C.; Schleyer, P. v. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1129.
17. Egelhaaf, S. U.; Schurtenberger, P. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 8560.
18. Brulet, A.; Boue, F.; Cotton, J. P. J. Phys. II Fr. 1996, 6, 885.
19. Beaucage, G.; Schaefer, D. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1994, 172-174, 797.
20. Beaucage, G. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1995, 28, 717.
21. Beaucage, G. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1996, 29, 134.
22. de Gennes, P. G. Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics; Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, 1979.
23. Huber, K.; Buntle, S.; Lutz, P.; Burchard, W. Macromolecules 1985, 18, 1461.
24. Grest, G.; Fetters, L. J.; Huang, J. S.; Richter, D. Adv. Chem. Phys. 1996, 94, 67.
25. Developments in Ionic Polymers; Wilson, A. D., Prosser, H. J., Eds.; Applied Science: London, 1983; Vol. 1.
26. Structure and Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Colloids and Supramolecular Aggregates in Solution; Chen, S.-H., Huang, J. S., Tartaglia, P., Eds.; Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences; Kluwar Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1992; Vol. 369, p 26.
27. Halperin, A.; Tirrell, M.; Lodge, T. E. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1992, 100, 31.
28. Hommes, N. J. R.; Buhl, M.; Schleyer, P. v. R. J. Organomet. Chem. 1991, 409, 307.
29. Sapse, A.-M.; Jain, D. C.; Raghavachari, K. In Lithium Chemistry: A Theoretical and Experimental Overview, Sapse, A.-M., Schleyer, P. v. R., Eds.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1995; p 45. Sapse et al. concluded (for hydrocarbon milieu) that "it is doubtful that the monomeric species can exist except under very unusual circumstances". A similar conclusion was reached by Brown in 1966: Brown, T. L. J. Organomet. Chem. 1966, 5, 191.
30. Sapse, A.-M.; Jain, D. C.; Raghavachari, K. In Lithium Chemistry: A Theoretical and Experimental Overview, Sapse, A.-M., Schleyer, P. v. R., Eds.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1995; p 45. Sapse et al. concluded (for hydrocarbon milieu) that "it is doubtful that the monomeric species can exist except under very unusual circumstances". A similar conclusion was reached by Brown in 1966: Brown, T. L. J. Organomet. Chem. 1966, 5, 191.
31. Stellbrink, J.; Willner, L.; Richter, D.; Fetters, L. J.; Huang, J. S. To be submitted.
32. Worsfold, D. J.; Bywater, S. Macromolecules 1972, 5, 393. This reference reported an association state of 2 ± 0.1 (based upon five different molecular weights) for the styryllithium head groups in cyclohexane; a value in apparent pleasing confluence with that dictated by mechanistic beliefs. As mentioned, the color of active head group solutions prohibits the attainment of quantitative molecular weights. Additional dual difficulties are the scattering contributions from the variable populations of dimers and tetramers along with the alterations in the concentration and size of the large scale aggregates. Representative scattering data from the styryllithium solutions were not presented.
33. max varies (depending upon the identity of the solvent and counterion) from 328 to 345 nm. See Table 5 (p 89) of: Szwarc, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1983, 49, 1. The 328 nm wavelength was used by the authors of ref 30 "to monitor the polystyryllithium concentration".
34. max varies (depending upon the identity of the solvent and counterion) from 328 to 345 nm. See Table 5 (p 89) of: Szwarc, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1983, 49, 1. The 328 nm wavelength was used by the authors of ref 30 "to monitor the polystyryllithium concentration".
35. Willner, L.; Jucknischke, O.; Richter, D.; Farago, B.; Fetters, L. J.; Huang, J. S. Europhys. Lett. 1992, 19, 297.
36. Richter, D.; Jucknischke, O.; Willner, L.; Fetters, L. J.; Lin, M.; Huang, J. S.; Roovers, J.; Toporowski, P. M.; Zhou, L. L. J. Phys. IV, Colloq. C8, Suppl. J. Phys. 1993, 3, 3.
37. Willner, L.; Jucknischke, O.; Richter, D.; Roovers, J.; Zhou, L. L.; Toporowski, P. M.; Fetters, L. J.; Huang, J. S.; Lin, M.; Hadjichristidis, N. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 3821.
38. Fetters, L. J.; Huang, J. S.; Young, R. N. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 1996, 34, 1517.
39. Fetters, L. J.; Huang, J. S.; Stellbrink, J.; Willner, L.; Richter, D. Macromol. Chem., Symp. 1997, 121, 1.
40. Daoud, M.; Stanley, H. E.; Stauffer, D. In Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook; Mark, J., Ed.; AIP Press: Woodbury, NY, 1996; p 71.
41. Adam, M.; Lairez, D. Fractals 1993, 1, 149.
42. The Eden, Vold, and Witten-Sander fractal structures were reproduced from Figure 2 of: Schaefer, D. W. Science 1989, 243, 1023. See also: Schaefer, D. W. Mater. Res. Soc. MRS Bull. 1988, XIII, 22.
43. The Eden, Vold, and Witten-Sander fractal structures were reproduced from Figure 2 of: Schaefer, D. W. Science 1989, 243, 1023. See also: Schaefer, D. W. Mater. Res. Soc. MRS Bull. 1988, XIII, 22.
44. Keefer, K. D.; Schaefer, D. W. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986, 56, 2376.
45. Pattermann, S. P.; Karle, I. D.; Stucky, G. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1150.
46. Beno, M. A.; Hope, H.; Olmstedt, M. M.; Power, P. P. Organometallics 1985, 4, 117.