Large-scale variations in radial tree growth in Norway: an application of median polish for spatial trend detection

Applied Geography

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 153-168

  Strand, Geir Harald ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF BIOECONOMY RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SPATIAL TREND; TREE;

NORWAY;

PICEA ABIES;

EID: 0032047303     PISSN: 01436228     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0143-6228(98)00003-4     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Abrahamsen, G., Stuanes, A. O. and Tveite, B. (1994) Discussion and synthesis. In Long-term Experiments with Acid Rain in Norwegian Forest Ecosystems, ed. G. Abrahamsen, A. O. Stuanes and B. Tveite, pp. 297-331. Ecological Studies, Vol. 104, Springer, New York.
2. Alexeyev, V. (1989) Forest health diagnosis and its application in air pollution impact studies. In Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation Including Forest Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Second US-USSR Symposium, ed. R. D. Noble, J. L. Martin and K. F. Jensen, pp. 135-141. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Broomhall.
3. Andersson F. Acidic deposition and its effects on the forest of Nordic Europe. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 30:1986;17-29.
4. Becker, M., Bert, G. D., Bouchon, J., Dupouey, J. L., Picard, J. F. and Ulrich, E. (1995a) Long-term changes in forest productivity in Northeastern France: the dendroecological approach. In Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains, ed. G. Landmann and M. Bonneau, pp. 143-156. Springer, Berlin.
5. Becker, M., Bert, G. D., Landmann, G., Lévy, G., Rameau, J. C. and Ulrich, E. (1995b) Growth and Decline Symptoms of Silver Fir and Norway Spruce in Northeastern France: relation to climate, nutrition and silviculture. In Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains, ed. G. Landmann and M. Bonneau, pp. 120-142. Springer, Berlin.
6. Brodin Y.-W., Kuylenstierna J. C. I. Acidification and critical loads in Nordic countries: a background. AMBIO. 21:1992;332-338.
7. Chorley R. J., Haggett P. Trend-surface mapping in geographical research. Transactions and Papers of the Institute of British Geographers. 37:1965;47-67.
8. Cowling, E., Krahl-Urban, B. and Schimansky, C. (1988) Hypotheses to explain forest decline. In Forest Decline, ed. B. Krahl-Urban, H. E. Papke, K. Peters and C. Schimansky, pp. 120-125. Assessment Group for Biology, Ecology and Energy, Jülich Nuclear Research Center, Jülich.
9. Cressie, N. (1984) Towards resistant geostatistics. In Geostatistics for Natural Resources Characterization, ed. G. Verly, M. David, A. G. Journel and A. Marechal, Part 1, pp. 21-44. Reidel, Dordrecht.
10. Cressie N. Kriging nonstationary data. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 81:1986;625-634.
11. Cressie, N. (1991) Statistics for Spatial Data. Wiley, New York.
12. Cressie N., Read T. R. C. Spatial data analysis of regional counts. Biomedical Journal. 6:1989;699-719.
13. Davis, J. C. (1986) Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York.
14. Eckstein D., Krause C. Dendroecological studies on spruce trees to monitor environmental changes around Hamburg. IAWA Bulletin. 10:1989;175-182.
15. Eichkorn T. Wachstumsanalysen an Fichten in Sudwestdeutschland. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung. 157:1986;125-139.
16. Ellenberg H. Veränderung der Flora Mitteleuropas unter dem Einfluss von Düngungen und Immissionen. Schweitziche Zeitschrift Forstwesen. 136:1985;19-39.
17. Ellenberg, H. (1988) Floristic changes due to nitrogen deposition in Central Europe. In Miljrøapport 1988, ed. J. Nilsson and P. Grennfelt, pp. 375-383. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.
18. Emerson, J. D. and Hoaglin, D. C. (1983) Resistant lines for y versus x. In Understanding Robust and Exploratory Data Analysis, ed. D. C. Hoaglin, F. Mosteller and J. W. Tukey, pp. 129-165. Wiley, New York.
19. Esser, J. and Tomter, S. M. (1996) Reviderte kart for tålegrenser for nitrogen basert på empiriske verdier for ulike vegetasjonstyper. NIJOS Report 7/96, pp. 1-9, Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Ås [in Norwegian with English summary].
20. Falkengren-Grerup U. Soil acidification and vegetation changes in deciduous forests in Southern Sweden. Oecologia. 70:1986;339-447.
21. Fink A. M. How to polish off median polish. SIAM Journal of Scientific and Statistical Computing. 9:1988;932-940.
22. Gentle J. E. Least absolute values estimation: an introduction. Communications in Statistics. B:1977;313-328.
23. Greve U., Eckstein D., Aniol R. W., Scholz F. Dendroklimatologische Untersuchungen an Fichten unterschiedlicher Immissionsbelastung in Nordostbayern. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung. 157:1986;174-179.
24. Haining, R. (1990) Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
25. Henriksen A., Lien L., Traaen T. S., Sevalrud I. S., Brakke D. F. Lake acidification in Norway: present and predicted chemical status. AMBIO. 17:1988;259-266.
26. Henriksen A., Lien L., Rosseland B. O., Traaen T. S., Sevalrud I. S. Lake acidification in Norway: present and predicted fish status. AMBIO. 18:1989;314-321.
27. Hinrichsen D. Multiple pollutants and forest decline. AMBIO. 15:1986;258-265.
28. Innes J. L. Forest health surveys: problems in assessing observer objectivity. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 18:1988;560-565.
29. Innes J. L. Forest decline. Progress in Physical Geography. 16:1992;1-64.
30. Innes, J. L. (1993) Forest Health: its Assessment and Status. CAB International, Wallingford.
31. Innes J. L., Landmann G., Mettendorf B. Consistency of observations of forest tree defoliation in three European countries. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 25:1993;29-40.
32. Johannessen, T. W. (1977) Vær- og klimaforhold. In Norges geografi, ed. J. Gjessing, pp. 61-126. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
33. Kemperman, J. H. B. (1984) Least absolute value and median polish. In Inequalities in Statistics and Probability, ed. Y. L. Tong, IMS Monograph Series 5, 84-103. Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Hayward.
34. Landmann, G. (1995) Forest decline and air pollution effects: a synthesis. In Forest Decline and Atmospheric Deposition Effects in the French Mountains, ed. G. Landmann and M. Bonneau, pp. 407-452, Springer, Berlin.
35. Lövblad G., Amann M., Andersen B., Hovmand M., Joffre S., Pedersen U. Deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the Nordic countries: present and future. AMBIO. 21:1992;339-347.
36. Nihlgård B. The ammonium hypothesis: an additional explanation to the forest dieback in Europe. AMBIO. 14:1985;2-8.
37. Prinz, B., Krause, G. H. M. and Jung, K-D. (1987) Development and cause of novel forest decline in Germany. In Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forest, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems, ed. T. C. Hutchinson and K. M. Meema, pp. 1-24. Springer, Berlin.
38. Rehfuess K. E. Acidic deposition: extent and impact on forest soils, nutrition, growth and disease phenomena in Central Europe: a review. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 48:1989;1-20.
39. Rosén K., Gundersen T., Tegnhammar L., Johansson M., Frogner T. Nitrogen enrichment of Nordic forest ecosystems: the concept of critical loads. AMBIO. 21:1992;364-368.
40. Schulze E.-D. Air pollution and forest decline in a spruce (Picea abies) forest. Science. 244:1989;776-783.
41. Schütt P., Cowling E. B. Waldsterben, a general decline of forests in Central Europe: symptoms, development and possible causes. Plant Disease. 69:1985;548-558.
42. Sibley, D. (1987) Spatial applications of exploratory data analysis. Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, vol. 49. GeoBooks, Norwich.
43. Strand G.-H. The geography of changing crown vigor in Norwegian conifer forests. AMBIO. 24:1995;280-285.
44. Strand G.-H. Detection of observer bias in ongoing forest health monitoring programmes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 26:1996;1692-1696.
45. Strand G.-H. Effects of early summer drought on the crown density of Norway spruce. Forestry. 70:1997;157-160.
46. Strand, L. (1980a) Acid precipitation and regional tree ring analyses. In Project Report IR73/80, pp. 1-36. SNSF, Oslo.
47. Strand, L. (1980b) The effect of acid precipitation on tree growth. In Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, ed. D. Drabløs and A. Tollan, pp. 64-67. SNSF, Oslo.
48. Sverdrup H., Warfvinge P., Frogner T., Håøya A. O., Johansson M., Andersen B. Critical loads for forest soils in the Nordic countries. AMBIO. 21:1992;348-355.
49. Sykes M. T., Prentice I. C., Cramer W. A bioclimatic model for the potential distribution of north European tree species under present and future climates. Journal of Biogeography. 23:1996;203-233.
50. Thomsen, M. G., Nellemann, C., Frogner, T., Henriksen, A., Tomter, S. M. and Mulder, J. (1995) Increment and Vitality in Norwegian Spruce Forests Seen in Relation to Critical Loads and Pollution Loadings. Research paper of Skogforsk 22/95, Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Ås.
51. Tomter, S. M. (1994) Skog 94: Statistics of Forest Conditions and Resources in Norway. Norwegian Institute of Land Inventory, Ås.
52. Tomter, S. M. (1997) Country report from Norway. In Study on European Forestry Information and Communication System. Reports on Forestry Inventory and Survey Systems, Vol. 2, pp. 790-860. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
53. Tørseth K., Semb A. Sulphur and nitrogen deposition in Norway: status and trends. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 85:1995;623-628.
54. Tukey, J. W. (1977) Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison Wesley, Reading.
55. Tveite, B. (1977) Site-index Curves for Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Reports of the Norwegian Forest Research Institute, No. 33/1, Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Ås [in Norwegian with English summary].
56. Webster R., Rigling A., Walthert L. An analysis of crown condition of Picea, Fagus and Abies in relation to environment in Switzerland. Forestry. 69:1996;347-355.
57. Wellburn, A. R. (1994) Air Pollution and Climate Change: The Biological Impact, 2nd edn. Longman, Harlow.
58. Worbes M. Abrupte Zuwachsreduktionen an Fichten aus dem Harz. Forst und Holz. 44:1989;254-259.