Resistance to interference in human associative learning: Evidence of configural processing

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 136-150

  Shanks, David R ^a   Darby, Richard J ^a   Charles, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CLASSIFICATION; CONCEPT FORMATION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FOOD ALLERGY; HUMAN; LEARNING; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT;

ASSOCIATION LEARNING; ATTENTION; CONCEPT FORMATION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY; HUMANS; PROBABILITY LEARNING; PROBLEM SOLVING;

EID: 0032044457     PISSN: 00977403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0097-7403.24.2.136     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Bellingham, W. P., Gillette-Bellingham, K., & Kehoe, E. J. (1985). Summation and configuration in patterning schedules with the rabbit. Animal Learning and Behavior, 13, 152-164.
2. Bouton, M. E. (1993). Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 80-99.
3. Bouton, M. E., & King, D. A. (1983). Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear: Tests for the associative value of the context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 9, 248-265.
4. Chandler, C. C. (1993). Accessing related events increases retroactive interference in a matching recognition test. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 967-974.
5. Denniston, J. C., Miller, R. R., & Matute, H. (1996). Biological significance as a determinant of cue competition. Psychological Science, 7, 325-331.
6. Dickinson, A., & Burke, J. (1996). Within-compound associations mediate the retrospective revaluation of causality judgements. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49B, 60-80.
7. Edgell, S. E., & Castellan, N. J. (1973). The configural effect in multiple-cue probability learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 100, 310-314.
8. Elashoff, J. D. (1995). nQuery Advisor [Computer software]. Los Angeles, CA: Dixon Associates.
9. Gluck, M. A. (1991). Stimulus generalization and representation in adaptive network models of category learning. Psychological Science, 2, 50-55.
10. Gluck, M. A., & Bower, G. H. (1988). From conditioning to category learning: An adaptive network model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 227-247.
11. Holland, P. C. (1984). Differential effects of reinforcement of an inhibitory feature after serial and simultaneous feature negative discrimination training. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, 461-475.
12. Kruschke, J. K. (1992). ALCOVE: An exemplar-based connectionist model of category learning. Psychological Review, 99, 22-44.
13. Kruschke, J. K. (1993). Human category learning: Implications for backpropagation models. Connection Science, 5, 3-36.
14. Lachnit, H., & Kimmel, H. D. (1993). Positive and negative patterning in human classical skin conductance response conditioning. Animal Learning and Behavior, 21, 314-326.
15. Lewandowsky, S. (1995). Base-rate neglect in ALCOVE: A critical reevaluation. Psychological Review, 102, 185-191.
16. López, F. J., Shanks, D. R., Almaraz, J., & Fernández, P. (in press). Effects of trial order on contingency judgments: A comparison of associative and probabilistic contrast accounts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.
17. Mackintosh, N. J. (1975). A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychological Review, 82, 276-298.
18. Medin, D. L., & Schwanenflugel, P. J. (1981). Linear separability in classification learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 7, 355-368.
19. Mellers, B. A. (1980). Configurality in multiple-cue probability learning. American Journal of Psychology, 93, 429-443.
20. Miller, R. R., & Matute, H. (1996). Biological significance in forward and backward blocking: Resolution of a discrepancy between animal conditioning and human causal judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 370-386.
21. Murre, J. M. J. (1992). The effects of pattern presentation on interference in backpropagation networks. Proceedings of the 14th annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 54-59). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Nosofsky, R. M., Palmeri, T. J., & McKinley, S. C. (1994). Rule-plus-exception model of classification learning. Psychological Review, 101, 53-19.
23. Pearce, J. M. (1987). A model for stimulus generalization in Pavlovian conditioning. Psychological Review, 94, 61-73.
24. Pearce, J. M. (1994a). Similarity and discrimination: A selective review and a connectionist model. Psychological Review, 101, 587-607.
25. Pearce, J. M. (1994b). Discrimination and categorization. In N. J. Mackintosh (Ed.), Animal learning and cognition (pp. 109-134). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
26. Pearce, J. M., & Hall, G. (1980). A model for Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli. Psychological Review, 87, 532-552.
27. Pearce, J. M., & Redhead, E. S. (1993). The influence of an irrelevant stimulus on two discriminations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 19, 180-190.
28. Pearce, J. M., & Redhead, E. S. (1995). Supernormal conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 21, 155-165.
29. Pearce, J. M., & Wilson, P. N. (1990). Configural associations in discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 16, 250-261.
30. Pearce, J. M., & Wilson, P. N. (1991). Failure of excitatory conditioning to extinguish the influence of a conditioned inhibitor. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 17, 519-529.
31. Redhead, E. S., & Pearce, J. M. (1995). Similarity and discrimination learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48B, 46-66.
32. Regehr, G., & Brooks, L. R. (1993). Perceptual manifestations of an analytic structure: The priority of holistic individuation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 92-114.
33. Rescorla, R. A. (1973). Evidence for a "unique stimulus" account of configural conditioning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 85, 331-338.
34. Rescorla, R. A., Grau, J. W., & Durlach, P. J. (1985). Analysis of the unique cue in configural discriminations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 11, 356-366.
35. Rescorla, R. A., & Wagner, A. R. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (Eds.), Classical conditioning. II: Current theory and research (pp. 64-99). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
36. Robins, A. (1995). Catastrophic forgetting, rehearsal and pseudorehearsal. Connection Science, 7, 123-146.
37. Saavedra, M. A. (1975). Pavlovian compound conditioning in the rabbit. Learning and Motivation, 6, 314-326.
38. Shanks, D. R. (1985). Forward and backward blocking in human contingency judgement. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37B, 1-21.
39. Shanks, D. R. (1990). Connectionism and the learning of probabilistic concepts. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 42A, 209-237.
40. Shanks, D. R. (1995). The psychology of associative learning. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
41. Shanks, D. R., Charles, D., Darby, R. J., & Azmi, A. (1998). Configurai processes in human associative learning. Manuscript submitted for publication.
42. Shanks, D. R., & Darby, R. J. (in press-a). Feature- and role-based generalization in human associative learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes.
43. Shanks, D. R., & Darby, R. J. (in press-b). Connectionist models of categorization and generalization. In Z. Dienes (Ed.), Connectionism and human learning. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
44. Shanks, D. R., Johnstone, T., & Staggs, L. (1997). Abstraction processes in artificial grammar learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A, 216-252.
45. Shepard, R. N., Hovland, C. L., & Jenkins, H. M. (1961). Learning and memorization of classifications. Psychological Monographs, 75 (Whole No. 517).
46. van Hamme, L. J., & Wasserman, E. A. (1994). Cue competition in causality judgments: The role of nonpresentation of compound stimulus elements. Learning and Motivation, 25, 127-151.
47. Wagner, A. R., & Rescorla, R. A. (1972). Inhibition in Pavlovian conditioning: Application of a theory. In R. A. Boakes & M. S. Halliday (Eds.), Inhibition and learning (pp. 301-336). London: Academic Press.
48. Wasserman, E. A. (1993). Comparative cognition: Beginning the second century of the study of animal intelligence. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 211-228.
49. Williams, D. A. (1995). Forms of inhibition in animal and human learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 21, 129-142.
50. Williams, D. A., Sagness, K. E., & McPhee, J. E. (1994). Configurai and elemental strategies in predictive learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 694-709.
51. Wilson, P. N., & Pearce, J. M. (1992). A configural analysis of feature-negative discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 18, 265-272.