메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 98, Issue 2-3, 1998, Pages 311-341

Levels of processing and selective attention effects on encoding in memory

Author keywords

Implicit memory; Levels of processing; Selective attention

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; HUMAN; ISRAEL; LONG TERM MEMORY; MEMORY; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

EID: 0032043443     PISSN: 00016918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6918(97)00048-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0023231990 scopus 로고
    • Processing lexical ambiguity and visual word recognition in a deep orthography
    • Bentin, S., Frost, R., 1987. Processing lexical ambiguity and visual word recognition in a deep orthography. Memory and Cognition 15, 13-23.
    • (1987) Memory and Cognition , vol.15 , pp. 13-23
    • Bentin, S.1    Frost, R.2
  • 2
    • 0029243473 scopus 로고
    • Semantic processing and memory for attended and unattended words in dichotic listening: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
    • Bentin, S., Kutas, M., Hillyard, S.A., 1995. Semantic processing and memory for attended and unattended words in dichotic listening: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology 21, 54-67.
    • (1995) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 54-67
    • Bentin, S.1    Kutas, M.2    Hillyard, S.A.3
  • 3
    • 34248797667 scopus 로고
    • The effect of immediate stimulus repetition on reaction time and event-related potentials in tasks of different complexity
    • Bentin, S., McCarthy, G., 1994. The effect of immediate stimulus repetition on reaction time and event-related potentials in tasks of different complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology 20, 130-149.
    • (1994) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 130-149
    • Bentin, S.1    McCarthy, G.2
  • 4
    • 0024021513 scopus 로고
    • The time course of repetition effects for words and unfamiliar faces
    • Bentin, S., Moscovitch, M., 1988. The time course of repetition effects for words and unfamiliar faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology 117, 148-160.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.117 , pp. 148-160
    • Bentin, S.1    Moscovitch, M.2
  • 5
    • 58149368252 scopus 로고
    • Investigating dissociations among memory measures: Support for a transfer appropriate processing framework
    • Blaxton, T.A., 1989. Investigating dissociations among memory measures: Support for a transfer appropriate processing framework. Journal of Experimental Psychology 15, 657-668.
    • (1989) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 657-668
    • Blaxton, T.A.1
  • 6
    • 0026640901 scopus 로고
    • Dissociations among memory measures in memory-impaired participants: Evidence for a processing account of memory
    • Blaxton, T.A., 1992. Dissociations among memory measures in memory-impaired participants: Evidence for a processing account of memory. Memory and Cognition 20, 542-562.
    • (1992) Memory and Cognition , vol.20 , pp. 542-562
    • Blaxton, T.A.1
  • 8
    • 0028064595 scopus 로고
    • A reevaluation of semantic vs. nonsemantic processing in implicit memory
    • Brown, A.S., Mitchell, D.B., 1994. A reevaluation of semantic vs. nonsemantic processing in implicit memory. Memory and Cognition 22, 533-541.
    • (1994) Memory and Cognition , vol.22 , pp. 533-541
    • Brown, A.S.1    Mitchell, D.B.2
  • 10
    • 0000306746 scopus 로고
    • Level of processing affects priming in word fragment completion
    • Challis, B.H., Broadbeck, D.R., 1992. Level of processing affects priming in word fragment completion. Journal of Experimental Psychology 18, 595-607.
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 595-607
    • Challis, B.H.1    Broadbeck, D.R.2
  • 12
    • 0022840785 scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing conscious from unconscious perceptual processes
    • Cheesman, J., Merikle, P.M., 1986. Distinguishing conscious from unconscious perceptual processes. Canadian Journal of Psychology 40, 343-367.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 343-367
    • Cheesman, J.1    Merikle, P.M.2
  • 13
    • 0025950030 scopus 로고
    • Selective and divided attention during visual discrimination of shape, color, and speed: Functional anatomy by positron emission tomography
    • Corbetta, M., Miezin, F.M., Dobmeyer, S., Shulman, G.L., Petersen, S.E., 1991. Selective and divided attention during visual discrimination of shape, color, and speed: Functional anatomy by positron emission tomography. Journal of Neuroscience 11, 2383-2402.
    • (1991) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.11 , pp. 2383-2402
    • Corbetta, M.1    Miezin, F.M.2    Dobmeyer, S.3    Shulman, G.L.4    Petersen, S.E.5
  • 15
    • 0028469871 scopus 로고
    • Contributions of surfaces and conceptual information to performance on implicit and explicit memory tasks
    • Craik, F.I.M., Moscovitch, M., McDowd, J.M., 1994. Contributions of surfaces and conceptual information to performance on implicit and explicit memory tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology 20, 864-875.
    • (1994) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.20 , pp. 864-875
    • Craik, F.I.M.1    Moscovitch, M.2    McDowd, J.M.3
  • 16
    • 0029687971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual memory for novel shapes: Implicit coding without attention
    • DeSchepper, B., Treisman, A., 1996. Visual memory for novel shapes: Implicit coding without attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology 22, 21-41.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 21-41
    • DeSchepper, B.1    Treisman, A.2
  • 17
    • 0024639168 scopus 로고
    • A dissociative word-frequency X levels of processing interaction in episodic recognition and lexical decision tasks
    • Duchek, J.M., Neely, J.H., 1989. A dissociative word-frequency X levels of processing interaction in episodic recognition and lexical decision tasks. Memory and Cognition 17, 148-162.
    • (1989) Memory and Cognition , vol.17 , pp. 148-162
    • Duchek, J.M.1    Neely, J.H.2
  • 18
    • 0021251234 scopus 로고
    • Memory for unattended events: Remembering with and without awareness
    • Eich, E., 1984. Memory for unattended events: Remembering with and without awareness. Memory and Cognition 12, 105-111.
    • (1984) Memory and Cognition , vol.12 , pp. 105-111
    • Eich, E.1
  • 19
    • 0028932529 scopus 로고
    • Brain systems for encoding and retrieval of auditory-verbal memory: An in vivo study in humans
    • Fletcher, P.C., Frith, C.D., Grasby, P.M., Shallice, T., Frackowiak, R.S.J., Dolan, R.J., 1995. Brain systems for encoding and retrieval of auditory-verbal memory: An in vivo study in humans. Brain 118, 401-416.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 401-416
    • Fletcher, P.C.1    Frith, C.D.2    Grasby, P.M.3    Shallice, T.4    Frackowiak, R.S.J.5    Dolan, R.J.6
  • 20
    • 0001523292 scopus 로고
    • Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access
    • Forster, K.I., Davis, C., 1984. Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology 10, 680-698.
    • (1984) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.10 , pp. 680-698
    • Forster, K.I.1    Davis, C.2
  • 23
    • 0001606768 scopus 로고
    • Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable
    • Graf, P., Mandler, G., 1984. Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 23, 553-568.
    • (1984) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , vol.23 , pp. 553-568
    • Graf, P.1    Mandler, G.2
  • 26
    • 0028125345 scopus 로고
    • The functional organization of human extrastriate cortex: A PET-rCBF study of selective attention to faces and locations
    • Haxby, J.V., Horwitz, B., Ungerleider, L.G., Maisog, J.M., Grady, C.L., 1994a. The functional organization of human extrastriate cortex: A PET-rCBF study of selective attention to faces and locations. Journal of Neuroscience 14, 6336-6353.
    • (1994) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.14 , pp. 6336-6353
    • Haxby, J.V.1    Horwitz, B.2    Ungerleider, L.G.3    Maisog, J.M.4    Grady, C.L.5
  • 28
    • 33845310686 scopus 로고
    • A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory
    • Jacoby, L.L., 1991. A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 30, 513-541.
    • (1991) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.30 , pp. 513-541
    • Jacoby, L.L.1
  • 32
  • 33
    • 0028846615 scopus 로고
    • Double dissociation of memory capacities after bilateral occiptal and medial temporal lesions
    • Keane, M.M., Gabrieli, J.D.E., Mapstone, H.C., Johnson, K.A., Corkins, S., 1995. Double dissociation of memory capacities after bilateral occiptal and medial temporal lesions. Brain 118, 1129-1148.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 1129-1148
    • Keane, M.M.1    Gabrieli, J.D.E.2    Mapstone, H.C.3    Johnson, K.A.4    Corkins, S.5
  • 34
    • 0029125713 scopus 로고
    • Dissociations of pathways for object and spacial vision: A PET study
    • Kohler, S., Kapur, S., Moscovitch, M., Winocur, G., Houle, S., 1995. Dissociations of pathways for object and spacial vision: A PET study. NeuroReport 6, 1865-1868.
    • (1995) NeuroReport , vol.6 , pp. 1865-1868
    • Kohler, S.1    Kapur, S.2    Moscovitch, M.3    Winocur, G.4    Houle, S.5
  • 37
    • 0002764061 scopus 로고
    • Levels of processing: A retrospective commentary on a framework of research
    • Lockhart, R.S., Craik, F.I.M., 1990. Levels of processing: A retrospective commentary on a framework of research. Canadian Journal of Psychology 44, 87-112.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 87-112
    • Lockhart, R.S.1    Craik, F.I.M.2
  • 38
    • 0001119546 scopus 로고
    • Reenacting the root to interpretation: Enhanced perceptual identification without prior perception
    • Masson, M.E.G., MacLeod, C.M., 1992. Reenacting the root to interpretation: Enhanced perceptual identification without prior perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 121, 145-176.
    • (1992) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.121 , pp. 145-176
    • Masson, M.E.G.1    MacLeod, C.M.2
  • 40
    • 0000137612 scopus 로고
    • Repetition and the lexicon
    • Ellis, A.W. (Ed.). Erlbaum, London
    • Monsell, S., 1985. Repetition and the lexicon. In: Ellis, A.W. (Ed.). Progress in the Psychology of Lnguage, vol 2. Erlbaum, London.
    • (1985) Progress in the Psychology of Lnguage , vol.2
    • Monsell, S.1
  • 41
    • 85066735212 scopus 로고
    • Nonvisual orthographic processing and the orthographic input lexicon
    • Coltheart, M. (Ed.). Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Monsell, S., 1987. Nonvisual orthographic processing and the orthographic input lexicon. In: Coltheart, M. (Ed.). Attention and Performance XII: The psychology of Reading. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 299-323.
    • (1987) Attention and Performance XII: The Psychology of Reading , pp. 299-323
    • Monsell, S.1
  • 43
    • 0026690384 scopus 로고
    • Memory and working-with-memory: A component process model based on modules and central systems
    • Moscovitch, M., 1992. Memory and working-with-memory: A component process model based on modules and central systems. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4, 257-267.
    • (1992) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.4 , pp. 257-267
    • Moscovitch, M.1
  • 44
    • 0001885769 scopus 로고
    • Memory and working-with-memory: Evaluation of component process model and comparisons with other models
    • Schacter, D.L., Tulving, E. (Eds). MIT/ Bradford Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Moscovitch, M., 1994. Memory and working-with-memory: Evaluation of component process model and comparisons with other models. In: Schacter, D.L., Tulving, E. (Eds). Memory Systems. MIT/ Bradford Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 260-310.
    • (1994) Memory Systems , pp. 260-310
    • Moscovitch, M.1
  • 46
    • 0002890280 scopus 로고
    • Memory without conscious recollection: A tutorial review from a neuropsychological perspective
    • Umiltà, C., Moscovitch, M. (Eds.). MIT/Bradford Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Moscovitch, M., Goshen-Gottstein, Y., Vrienzen, E., 1994. Memory without conscious recollection: A tutorial review from a neuropsychological perspective. In: Umiltà, C., Moscovitch, M. (Eds.). Attention and Performance XV: Conscious and Nonconscious Information Processing. MIT/Bradford Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 619-660.
    • (1994) Attention and Performance XV: Conscious and Nonconscious Information Processing , pp. 619-660
    • Moscovitch, M.1    Goshen-Gottstein, Y.2    Vrienzen, E.3
  • 47
    • 0029026777 scopus 로고
    • Distinct neural correlates of visual long-term memory for spatial location and object identity: Positron emission tomography study in humans
    • USA
    • Moscovitch, M., Kapur, S., Kholer, S., Houle, S., 1995. Distinct neural correlates of visual long-term memory for spatial location and object identity: positron emission tomography study in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 92, 3721-3725.
    • (1995) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , vol.92 , pp. 3721-3725
    • Moscovitch, M.1    Kapur, S.2    Kholer, S.3    Houle, S.4
  • 48
    • 0001773327 scopus 로고
    • Modularity and neuropsychology: Implications for the organization of attention and memory in normal and brain-damaged people
    • Schwartz, M.A. (Ed.). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Moscovitch, M., Umiltà, C., 1990. Modularity and neuropsychology: Implications for the organization of attention and memory in normal and brain-damaged people. In: Schwartz, M.A. (Ed.). Modular Processes in dementia. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 1-59.
    • (1990) Modular Processes in Dementia , pp. 1-59
    • Moscovitch, M.1    Umiltà, C.2
  • 49
    • 0001947050 scopus 로고
    • Conscious and nonconscious aspects of memory: A neuropsychological framework of modules and central systems
    • Weingartner, H.J., Lister, R.G. (Eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Moscovitch, M., Umiltà, C., 1991. Conscious and nonconscious aspects of memory: A neuropsychological framework of modules and central systems. In: Weingartner, H.J., Lister, R.G. (Eds). Perspective on cognitive neuroscience. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 229-266.
    • (1991) Perspective on Cognitive Neuroscience , pp. 229-266
    • Moscovitch, M.1    Umiltà, C.2
  • 50
    • 0001191406 scopus 로고
    • Implicit tests of memory in patients with focal lesions or degenerative brain disorders
    • Spinnler, H., Boller, F. (Eds.). Elsevier, North Holland
    • Moscovitch, M., Vriezen, E.R., Goshen-Gottstein, J., 1993. Implicit tests of memory in patients with focal lesions or degenerative brain disorders. In: Spinnler, H., Boller, F. (Eds.). Handbook of Neuropsychology, vol. 8. Elsevier, North Holland, pp. 133-173.
    • (1993) Handbook of Neuropsychology , vol.8 , pp. 133-173
    • Moscovitch, M.1    Vriezen, E.R.2    Goshen-Gottstein, J.3
  • 51
    • 0028060674 scopus 로고
    • Language-related ERPs: Modulation by word type and semantic priming
    • Nobre, A.C., McCarthy, G., 1994. Language-related ERPs: Modulation by word type and semantic priming. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 6 (3), 233-255.
    • (1994) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 233-255
    • Nobre, A.C.1    McCarthy, G.2
  • 52
    • 0025063327 scopus 로고
    • On the differential nature of implicit and explicit memory
    • Parkin, A.J., Reid, T.K., Russo, R., 1990. On the differential nature of implicit and explicit memory. Memory and Cognition 18, 507-514.
    • (1990) Memory and Cognition , vol.18 , pp. 507-514
    • Parkin, A.J.1    Reid, T.K.2    Russo, R.3
  • 53
    • 0002007344 scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit memory in the automatic/effortful distinction
    • Parkin, A.J., Russo, R., 1990. Implicit and explicit memory in the automatic/effortful distinction. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2, 71-80.
    • (1990) European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 71-80
    • Parkin, A.J.1    Russo, R.2
  • 54
    • 0002246317 scopus 로고
    • Attention in cognitive neuroscience: An overview
    • Gazzaniga, M.S. (Ed). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Posner, M.I., 1995. Attention in cognitive neuroscience: An overview. In: Gazzaniga, M.S. (Ed). The cognitive Neurosciences. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 615-624.
    • (1995) The Cognitive Neurosciences , pp. 615-624
    • Posner, M.I.1
  • 55
    • 0001239151 scopus 로고
    • Dissociative masked repetition priming and word frequency effects in lexical decision and episodic recognition tasks
    • Rajaram, S., Neely, J.H., 1992. Dissociative masked repetition priming and word frequency effects in lexical decision and episodic recognition tasks. Journal of Memory and Language 31, 152-182.
    • (1992) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.31 , pp. 152-182
    • Rajaram, S.1    Neely, J.H.2
  • 56
    • 0022312297 scopus 로고
    • Components of activation. Repetition and priming effects in lexical decision and recognition
    • Ratcliff, R., Hockley, W., McKoon, G., 1985. Components of activation. Repetition and priming effects in lexical decision and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 114, 435-450.
    • (1985) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.114 , pp. 435-450
    • Ratcliff, R.1    Hockley, W.2    McKoon, G.3
  • 57
    • 0025486147 scopus 로고
    • Implicit memory: Retention without remembering
    • Roediger, H.L., 1990. Implicit memory: Retention without remembering. American Psychologist 45, 1043-1056.
    • (1990) American Psychologist , vol.45 , pp. 1043-1056
    • Roediger, H.L.1
  • 58
    • 0023411108 scopus 로고
    • Effects of varying modality, surface features, and retention interval on priming in word fragment completion
    • Roediger, H.L., Blaxton, T.A., 1987. Effects of varying modality, surface features, and retention interval on priming in word fragment completion. Memory and Cognition 15, 379-388.
    • (1987) Memory and Cognition , vol.15 , pp. 379-388
    • Roediger, H.L.1    Blaxton, T.A.2
  • 59
    • 0002026030 scopus 로고
    • Implicit memory in normal human participants
    • Spinnler, H., Boller, F. (Eds.). Elsevier, North Holland
    • Roediger, H.L., McDermott, K.B., 1993. Implicit memory in normal human participants. In: Spinnler, H., Boller, F. (Eds.). Handbook of Neuropsychology, vol 8. Elsevier, North Holland, pp. 63-131.
    • (1993) Handbook of Neuropsychology , vol.8 , pp. 63-131
    • Roediger, H.L.1    McDermott, K.B.2
  • 60
    • 0001821388 scopus 로고
    • Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account
    • Roediger, H.L., Craik, F.I.M. (Eds.). Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Roediger, H.L., Weldon, M.S., Challis, B.S., 1989. Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account. In: Roediger, H.L., Craik, F.I.M. (Eds.). Varieties of Memory and Consciousness: Essays in Honor of Endel Tulving, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 3-14.
    • (1989) Varieties of Memory and Consciousness: Essays in Honor of Endel Tulving , pp. 3-14
    • Roediger, H.L.1    Weldon, M.S.2    Challis, B.S.3
  • 61
    • 0025534757 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual representation systems and implicit memory: Towards a resolution of the multiple memory systems debate
    • Diamond, A. (Ed.). Annals of New York Academy of Science, New York
    • Schacter, D.L., 1990. Perceptual representation systems and implicit memory: Towards a resolution of the multiple memory systems debate. In: Diamond, A. (Ed.). Development and Neural Bases of Higher Cognition. Annals of New York Academy of Science, New York, pp. 543-571.
    • (1990) Development and Neural Bases of Higher Cognition , pp. 543-571
    • Schacter, D.L.1
  • 62
    • 0026717057 scopus 로고
    • Priming and multiple memory systems: Perceptual mechanisms of implicit memory
    • Schacter, D.L., 1992. Priming and multiple memory systems: Perceptual mechanisms of implicit memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4, 244-256.
    • (1992) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , vol.4 , pp. 244-256
    • Schacter, D.L.1
  • 63
    • 0029146593 scopus 로고
    • Brain regions associated with retrieval of structuraly coherent visual information
    • Schacter, D.L., Reiman, E., Uecker, A., Polster, M.R., Yun, L.S., Cooper, L.A., 1995. Brain regions associated with retrieval of structuraly coherent visual information. Nature 376, 587-590.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 587-590
    • Schacter, D.L.1    Reiman, E.2    Uecker, A.3    Polster, M.R.4    Yun, L.S.5    Cooper, L.A.6
  • 64
    • 0028236367 scopus 로고
    • Brain regions associated with acquisition and retrieval of verbal episodic memory
    • Shallice, T., Fletcher, P., Frith, C.D., Grasby, P. et al., 1994. Brain regions associated with acquisition and retrieval of verbal episodic memory. Nature 368 (6472) 633-635.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , Issue.6472 , pp. 633-635
    • Shallice, T.1    Fletcher, P.2    Frith, C.D.3    Grasby, P.4
  • 66
    • 0002284781 scopus 로고
    • Working memory in humans: Neuropsychological evidence
    • Gazzaniga, M.S. (Ed). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Smith, E.E., Jonides, J., 1995. Working memory in humans: Neuropsychological evidence. In: Gazzaniga, M.S. (Ed). The Cognitive Neurosciences. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 1009-1020.
    • (1995) The Cognitive Neurosciences , pp. 1009-1020
    • Smith, E.E.1    Jonides, J.2
  • 72
    • 0025181607 scopus 로고
    • Priming and human memory systems
    • Tulving, E., Schacter, D.L., 1990. Priming and human memory systems. Science 247, 301-305.
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 301-305
    • Tulving, E.1    Schacter, D.L.2
  • 73
    • 0018944324 scopus 로고
    • Word-form dyslexia
    • Warrington, E.K., Shallice, T., 1980. Word-form dyslexia. Brain 103, 99-112.
    • (1980) Brain , vol.103 , pp. 99-112
    • Warrington, E.K.1    Shallice, T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.