Myosins: Matching functions with motors

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 80-86

  Baker, Jeffrey P ^a   Titus, Margaret A ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; MYOSIN;

ANIMAL CELL; AUDITORY SYSTEM; BRAIN FUNCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; HEARING; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MELANOCYTE; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE VESICLE; MICROVILLUS; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PSEUDOPODIUM; REVIEW;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0032005265     PISSN: 09550674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80089-6     Document Type: Article

References (52)

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14. Adato A, Weil D, Kalinski H, Pel-Or Y, Ayadi H, Petit C, Korostishevsky M, Bonne-Tamir B. Mutation profile of all 49 exons of the human myosin VIIA gene, and haplotype analysis, in Usher 1B families from diverse origins. Am J Hum Genet. 61:1997;813-821.
15. Hasson T, Walsh J, Cable J, Mooseker MS, Brown SDM, Steel KP. Effects of shaker-1 mutations on mysoin-VIIa protein and mRNA expression. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 37:1997;127-138.
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19. Wu X, Bowers B, Wei Q, Kocher B, Hammer JA III. Myosin V associates with melanosomes in mouse melanocytes: evidence that myosin V is an organelle motor. of outstanding interest J Cell Sci. 110:1997;847-859 Immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopy were utilized to explore the in vivo association of myosin V with melanosomes. The results of this paper point to both actin- and microtubule-dependent motility of these organelles. The acto-myosin driven segment appears to be in the dendritic endings alone.
20. Wei Q, Wu X, Hammer JA III. The predominant defect in dilute melanocytes is in melanosome distribution and not cell shape, supporting a role for myosin V in melanosome transport. of special interest J Mus Res Cell Motil. 18:1997;517-527 These authors also explore the morphology of mouse dilute melanocytes and demonstrate that these cells are still dendritic, but the melanosomes fail to migrate into the arbors both in vitro and in situ.
21. Evans LL, Hammer J, Bridgman PC. Subcellular localization of myosin V in nerve growth cones and outgrowth from dilute-lethal neurons. of outstanding interest J Cell Sci. 110:1997;439-449 A beautiful study of myosin V localization in superior cervical ganglion neurons. Myosin V is enriched in organelle-rich zones of the extended growth cone and associated with a distinct subset of small organelles which are themselves associated with both actin and microtubules. The authors also explore the hypothesis that structural abnormalities in the mouse dilute neurons could account for neurological dysfunction. The morphology of the dilute-lethal neurons appears to be normal. These results are somewhat in conflict with earlier analyses that suggested that myosin V was required for neuronal extension; however, they might be reconciled with earlier studies if a different myosin V compensates for the loss of the dilute protein during neuronal growth and development.
22. Nascimento AAC, Amaral RG, Bizario JCS, Larson RE, Espreafico EM. Subcellular localization of myosin-V in the B16 melanoma cells, a wild-type cell line for the dilute gene. of outstanding interest Mol Biol Cell. 8:1997;1971-1988 A study examining the association of myosin V with organelles in the cultured melanocyte. Immunolocalization results demonstrate that myosin V colocalizes with melanosomes as well as other membrane-bound organelles. Subcellular fractionation experiments reveal that myosin V cofractionates with melanosomes. Treatment of cells with serotonin to stimulate melanin synthesis (and production of melanosomes) results in increased levels of myosin V present in the cell.
23. 2+-dependent interaction with the snaptobrevin-synaptophysin complex. of outstanding interest J Cell Biol. 137:1997;1589-1601 The authors present biochemical data demonstrating a functional association of myosin V with synaptic vesicles. They also show that myosin V is associated with the synaptobrevin/synaptophysin complex. They suggest that myosin V may play an important role in the transport of synaptobrevin/synaptophysin-containing vesicles in nerve terminals.
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27. Hill KL, Catlett NL, Weisman LS. Actin and myosin function in directed vacuole movement during cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. of special interest J Cell Biol. 135:1996;1535-1549 Myosin V is thought to act in trafficking of membrane-bound organelles. Further support for this hypothesis is provided by this analysis of the inheritance of the yeast vacuole. The yeast myo2 mutants were shown to fail to efficiently move the vacuole into their daughter cells. The authors find that Myop is localized to the vacuole and the tip of the growing bud (where the vacuole is anchored in wild type cells).
28. Santos B, Snyder M. Targeting of chitin synthase 3 to polarized growth sites in yeast requires Chs5p and Myo2p. of special interest J Cell Biol. 136:1997;95-110 Yet another interesting function for myosin V in yeast. This time for the first myosin V identified, myo2. This paper presents data showing that myosin V mutants fail to properly localize a chitin synthase in cells about to divide. This chitin synthase is crucial for determining the position of the daughter cell bud.
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31. Takizawa PA, Sil A, Swedlow JR, Herzkowitz I, Vale RD. Actin-dependent localization of an RNA encoding a cell-fate determinant in yeast. of outstanding interest Nature. 389:1997;90-93 There is a more interesting twist to the Myo4p story than originally thought. myo4 mutants fail to properly localize the Ash1 mRNA to the tip of the growing bud. A similar erffect is observed upon isruption of the actin cytoskeleton.
32. Long RM, Singer RH, Meng XH, Gonzalez I, Nasmyth K, Jansen RP. Mating type switching in yeast controlled by asymmetric localization of ash1 mrna. of outstanding interest Science. 277:1997;383-387 These authors also show that myo4 mutants fail to properly localize the Ash1 message to the daughter cell. This suggests that myosin V may not simply act as an organelle motor but may participate in the localization of mRNAs as well.
33. Kemphues KJ, Priess JR, Morton DG, Cheng NS. Identification of genes required for cytoplasmic localization in early C. elegans embryos. Cell. 52:1988;311-320.
34. Guo S, Kemphues KJ. A non-muscle myosin required for embryonic polarity in Caenorhabditis elegans. of outstanding interest Nature. 382:1996;455-458 A surprising result from this lab showed a non-muscle myosin II to be involved in correct asymmetric partitioning in Caenorhabditis elegans. It was found that this protein is coprecipitated with another protein involved in this process, Par-1.
35. Wessels D, Titus MA, Soll DR. A Dictyostelium myosin I plays a crucial role in regulating the frequency of pseudopods formed on the substratum. of special interest Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 33:1996;64-79 The original data on myosin I in Dictyostelium showed that deletion of these genes reduced the instantaneous velocity of these cells. This paper shows that this is probably due to excess turning which is the result of too many pseudopods being produced adjacent to the substratum. This points to a role for this class in suppression of membrane extensions.
36. Wang FS, Wolenski JS, Cheney RE, Mooseker MS, Jay DG. Function of myosin-V in filopodial extension of neuronal growth cones. of special interest Science. 273:1996;660-663 A novel method of studying myosin function using microCALI. These authors attach a light sensitive probe to a specific antibody. When this probe is irradiated, it becomes toxic to proteins attached to the antibody. This allows study in small areas and short time scales. The authors use this to inhibit both myosin I and myosin V in growth cones.
37. Novak KD, Peterson MD, Reedy MC, Titus MA. Dictyostelium myosin I double mutants exhibit conditional defects in pinocytosis. J Cell Biol. 131:1995;1205-1221.
38. Jung G, Wu X, Hammer JA III. Dictyostelium mutants lacking multiple classic myosin I isoforms reveal combinations of shared and distinct functions. J Cell Biol. 133:1996;305-323.
39. Hacker U, Albrecht R, Maniak M. Fluid-phase uptake by macropinocytosis in Dictyostelium. J Cell Sci. 110:1997;105-112.
40. Novak KD, Titus MA. Myosin I overexpression impairs cell migration. J Cell Biol. 136:1997;633-648.
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