Calibration and demonstration of a condensation nuclei counting system for airborne measurements of aircraft exhausted particles

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 169-177

  Cofer III, Wesley R ^a   Anderson, Bruce E ^a   Winstead, Edward L ^b   Bagwell, Donald R ^a  

^a NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b GATS INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerosols; Aircraft exhaust; Condensation nuclei; Contrails

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTION; AIRCRAFT FUELS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CONDENSATION; EXHAUST GASES; JET AIRCRAFT; ORIFICES; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; SULFUR; THERMAL PLUMES;

CONDENSATION NUCLEI COUNTERS (CNC); CONTRAILS;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS;

AEROSOL; AIRCRAFT EXHAUST; CONDENSATION NUCLEUS;

AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; AIRCRAFT; ALTITUDE; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; EXHAUST GAS; PLUME; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0031986406     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00318-X     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Atmospheric Effects of Aviation (1996) First Report of the Subsonic Assessment Project, eds A. M. Thompson, R. R. Friedl, and H. L. Wesoky, NASA Reference Publication 1385. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.
2. Bartz, H., Fissan, H. and Liu, B. Y. H. (1987) A new generator for ultrafine aerosols below 10 nm. Aerosol Science and Technology 6, 163-171.
3. Bekki, S. and Pyle, J. A. (1992) Two-dimensional assessment of the impact of aircraft sulphur emissions on the stratospheric aerosol layer. Journal of Geophysics Research 97, 15,839-15,847.
4. Belyaev, S. P. and Levin, L. M. (1974) Techniques for collection of representative aerosol samples. Journal of Aerosol Science 5, 325-338.
5. Boeing Commercial Airplane Group (1996) Current Market Outlook Available through Tim Meskill, Project Director, Boeing, P.O. Box 3707, MS 76-15, Seattle, Washington 98124.
6. Brockmann, J. E. (1981) Coagulation and deposition of ultrafine aerosols in turbulent pipe flow. Ph.D. thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
7. Brockmann, J. E., McMurry, P. H., and Liu, B. H. Y. (1982) On simultaneous coagulation and diffusional loss of free molecule aerosols in turbulent pipe flow. Aerosol Science and Technology 1, 163-178.
8. Brown, R. C., Miake-Lye, R. C., Anderson, M. R. and Kolb, C. E. (1996) Effect of aircraft exhaust sulfur emissions on near field plume aerosols. Geophysics Research Letters 23, 3607-3610.
9. Busen, R. and Schumann, U. (1995) Visible contrail formation from fuels with different sulfur contents. Geophysics Research Letters 22, 1357-1360.
10. Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hates, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. A., Hansen, J. E. and Hofmann, D. J. (1992) Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosol. Science 255, 423-430.
11. Cofer, W. R. III, Purgold, G. C., Winstead, E. L. and Edahl, R. A. (1991) Space shuttle exhausted aluminum oxide: a measured particle size distribution. Journal of Geophysics Research 96, 17,371-17,376.
12. Fahey, D. W., Keim, E. R., Boering, K. A., Brock, C. A., Wilson, J. C., Johnson, H. H., Anthony, S., Hanisco, T. F., Wennberg, P. O., Miake-Lye, R. C. Salawitch, R. J., Louisnard, N., Woodbridge, R. S., Gao, R. S., Donnelly, S. G., Wamsley, L. A., Del Negro, L. A., Solomon, S., Daube, B. C., Wofsy, S. C., Webster, C. R., May, R. D., Kelly, K. K., Loewenstein, M., Podolske, J. R. and Chan, K. R. (1995) Emission measurements of the Concorde supersonic aircraft in the lower stratosphere. Science 270, 70-74.
13. Friedlander, S. K. and Johnstone, H. F. (1957) Deposition of suspended particles from turbulent gas streams. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 49, 1151-1156.
14. Hallett, J., Hudson, J. G. and Rogers, C. F. (1989) Characterization of combustion aerosols for haze and cloud formation. Aerosol Science and Technology 10, 70-83.
15. Heintzenberg, J. and Ogren, J. A. (1985) On the operation of the TSI-3020 condensation nuclei counter at altitudes up to 10 km. Atmospheric Environment 19, 1385-1387.
16. Hofmann, D. J. (1990) Increase in stratospheric background sulfuric acid aerosol in the past 10 years. Science 248, 996-1000.
17. Hofmann, D. J. and Rosen, J. M. (1978) Balloon observations of a particle injected by a stratospheric aircraft at 23 km. Geophysics Research Letters 5, 511-514.
18. Hudson, J. G., Hallett, J. and Rogers, C. F. (1991) Field and laboratory measurements of cloud forming properties of combustion aerosols. Journal of Geophysics Research 96, 10,847-10,859.
19. 2O droplets. Geophysics Research Letters 22, 1501-1504.
20. Kesten, J., Reineking, A. and Porstendorfer, J. (1991) Calibration of a TSI model 3025 ultrafine condensation particle counter. Aerosol Science and Technology 15, 107-111.
21. Lammel, G. and Novakov, T. (1995) Water nucleation properties of carbon black and diesel soot particles. Atmospheric Environment 29, 813-823.
22. Liu, B.Y.H. and Agarwal, J. K. (1974) Experimental observation of aerosol deposition in turbulent flows. Journal of Aerosol Science 5, 145-155.
23. Noone, K. J. and Hansson, H. C. (1990) Calibration of the TSI 3760 condensation nucleus counter for nonstandard operating conditions. Aerosol Science and Technology 13, 478-485.
24. Okazaki, K., Wiener, R. W. and Willeke, K. (1987) Non-isoaxial aerosol sampling: mechanisms controlling the overall sampling efficiency. Environmental Science and Technology 21, 183-187.
25. Parungo, F., Kopcewicz, B., Nagamoto, C., Schnell, R., Sheridan, P., Zhu, C. and Harris, J. (1992) Aerosol particulates in the Kuwait oil fire plumes: their morphology, size distribution, chemical composition, transport, and potential effect on climate. Journal of Geophysics Research, 97, 15,867-15,882.
26. Penner, J. E., Charlson, R., Hales, J., Laulainen, N., Leifer, R., Novakov, T., Ogren, J., Radke, L., Schwartz, S. and Travis, L. (1994) Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society 75, 375-400.
27. Pitchford, M., Hudson, J. G. and Hallett, J. (1991) Size and critical supersaturation for condensation of jet engine exhaust particles. Journal of Geophysics Research 96, 20,787-20,793.
28. Pusechel, R. F., Blake, D. F., Snetsinger, K. G., Hansen, A. D. A., Verma, S. and Kato, K. (1992) Black carbon (soot) aerosol in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. Geophysics Research Letters 19, 1659-1662.
29. Rawlins, W. T., Kang, S. G., Sonnenfroh, D. M. and Carleton, K. L. (1996) Activation of carbon aerosol by deposition of sulfuric acid. In Biomass Burning: and Global Change, ed. J. S. Levine, Vol. 1, pp. 540-544. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
30. Scheibel, H. G. and Porstendorfer, J. (1983) Generation of monodisperst; Ag- and NaCl-aerosols with particle diameters between 2 and 300 nm. Aerosol Science 14, 113-126.
31. Schumann, U., Strom, J., Busen, R., Baumann, R., Gierens, K., Krautstrunk, M., Schroder, F. P. and Stingl, J. (1996) In situ observations of particles in jet aircraft exhausts and contrails for different sulfur-containing fuels. Journal of Geophysics Research. 101,6853-6869.
32. Science News (1996) Vol. 150, No. 1, 6 July, p. 12-13.
33. Solomon, S., Portmann, R. W., Garcia, R. R., Thomason, L. W., Poole, L. R. and McCormick, M. P. (1996) The role of aerosol variations in anthropogenic ozone depletion at northern latitudes. Journal of Geophysics Research 101, 6713-6727.
34. Wilson, J. C., Hyun, J. H. and Blackshear, E. D. (1983) The function and response of an improved stratospheric condensation nucleus counter. Journal of Geophysics Research 88C, 6781-6785.
35. Wyslouzil, B. E., Carleton, K. L., Sonnenfroh, D. M., Rawtins, W. T. and Arnold, S. (1994) Observations of hydration of single, modified carbon aerosols. Geophysics Research Letters 21, 2107-2110.
36. Zaizen, Y., Ikegami, M., Tsutsumi, Y., Makino, Y., Okada, K., Jensen, J. and Gras, J. L. (1996) Number concentration and size distribution of aerosol particles in the middle troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean. Atmospheric Environment 30, 1755-1762.
37. Zhang, Z. Q. and Liu, B. Y. H. (1990) Dependence of the performance of TSI 3020 condensation nucleus counter on pressure, flow rate, and temperature. Aerosol Science and Technology 13, 493-504.
38. Zhang, Z. Q. and Liu, B. Y. H. (1991) Performance of TSI 3760 condensation nuclei counter at reduced pressures and flow rates. Aerosol Science and Technology 15, 228-238.