Lithium maintenance treatment of depression and mania in bipolar I and bipolar II disorders

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 155, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 638-645

  Tondo, Leonardo ^b   Baldessarini, Ross J ^a   Hennen, John ^b   Floris, Gianfranco ^b  

^a MCLEAN HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; LITHIUM; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANIA; MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0031977391     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.155.5.638     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen H-U, Kendler KS: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:8-19
2. Simpson SG, Folstein SE, Meyers DA, McMahon FJ, Brusco DM, DePaulo JR Jr: Bipolar II: the most common bipolar phenotype? Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:901-903
3. Dunner DL, Gershon ES, Goodwin FK: Heritable factors in the severity of affective illness. Biol Psychiatry 1976; 11:31-42
4. Fieve RR, Kumbaraci T, Dunner DL: Lithium prophylaxis of depression in bipolar I, bipolar II, and unipolar patients. Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133:925-929
5. Dunner DL, Patrick V, Fieve RR: Rapidly cycling manic-depressive patients. Compr Psychiatry 1977; 18:561-566
6. Dunner DL: Stability of bipolar II affective disorder as a diagnostic entity. Psychiatr Annals 1987; 17:18-20
7. Angst J: The course of affective disorders: typology of bipolar manic-depressive illness. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 1978; 226:65-73
8. Andreasen NC: Concepts, diagnosis and classification, in Hand-book of Affective Disorders. Edited by Paykel ES. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1982, pp 24-44
9. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR: Manic-Depressive Illness. New York, Oxford University Press, 1990, pp 665-724
10. Tondo L, Jamison K, Baldessarini RJ: Antisuicide effects of lithium. Ann NY Acad Sci 1997; 836:339-351
11. Kukopulos A, Reginaldi D, Laddomada P, Floris G, Serra G, Tondo L: Course of the manic-depressive cycle and changes caused by treatments. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropharmakol 1980; 13:156-167
12. Solomon DA, Bauer MS: Continuation and maintenance pharmacotherapy for unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1991; 16:515-540
13. Cassano GB, Savino M, Perugi G, Musetti L, Akiskal HS: Major depressive episode: unipolar and bipolar II. Encephale 1992; 18:15-18
14. Abou-Saleh MT: Who responds to prophylactic lithium therapy? Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163(suppl 21):20-26
15. Jefferson JW: Lithium, in Predictors of Treatment Response in Mood Disorders. Edited by Goodnick PJ. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1996, pp 95-117
16. Baldessarini RJ: Chemotherapy in Psychiatry: Principles and Practice. Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1985, pp 93-129
17. Baldessarini RJ: Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric disorders: depression and mania, in Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Edited by Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1996, pp 431-459
18. Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Suppes T, Faedda GL, Tohen M: Pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder throughout the life-cycle, in Bipolar Disorder Through the Life-Cycle. Edited by Shulman K, Tohen M, Kutcher S. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1996, pp 299-338
19. Rybakowski J, Chlopocka-Wozniak M, Kapelski Z, Strzyzewski W: The relative prophylactic efficacy of lithium against mania and depressive recurrences in bipolar patients. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 1980; 15:86-90
20. Quitkin F, Rifkin A, Kane J, Ramos-Lorenzi JR, Klein DF: Prophylactic effect of lithium and imipramine in unipolar and bipolar II patients: a preliminary report. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135:570-572
21. Kane JM, Quitkin FM, Rifkin A, Ramos-Lorenzi JR, Nayak DD, Howard A: Lithium carbonate and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:1065-1069
22. Peselow ED, Gulbenkian G, Dunner DL, Fieve RR, Deutsch SI: Relationship between plasma lithium levels and prophylaxis against depression in bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic patients. Compr Psychiatry 1982; 23:176-180
23. American Psychiatric Association: Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Bipolar Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151(Dec suppl)
24. Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: Steering Committee, American Psychiatric Association. J Clin Psychiatry 1996; 57(Dec suppl A):3-88
25. Keck PE, McElroy SL: Outcome in the pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 16:15S-23S
26. Sachs GS: Bipolar mood disorder: practical strategies for acute and maintenance phase treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 16:32S-46S
27. Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Faedda GL, Floris G, Suppes T, Rudas N: Effects of rate of discontinuing lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1996; 57:441-448
28. Baldessarini RJ, Tondo L, Floris G, Rudas N: Reduced morbidity after gradual discontinuation of lithium treatment for bipolar I and II disorders: a replication study. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:551-553
29. Post RM, Roy-Byrne PP, Uhde TW: Graphic representation of the life course of illness in patients with affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:844-848
30. Faedda GL, Baldessarini RJ, Tohen M, Strakowski SM, Waternaux C: Episode sequence in bipolar disorder and response to lithium treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:1237-1239
31. Lee ET: Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis. Belmont, Calif, Wadsworth, 1992
32. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S: Applied Logistic Regression. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1989
33. Faedda GL, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ, Suppes T, Tohen M: Outcome after rapid vs gradual discontinuation of lithium treatment in bipolar mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:448-455
34. Suppes T, Baldessarini RJ, Faedda GL, Tondo L, Tohen M: Discontinuing maintenance treatment in bipolar manic-depression: risks and implications. Harvard Rev Psychiatry 1993; 1:131-144
35. Baldessarini RJ, Suppes T, Tondo L: Lithium withdrawal in bipolar disorder: implications for clinical practice and experimental therapeutics research. Am J Therapeutics 1996; 3:492-496
36. Gelenberg AJ, Hopkins HS: Report on efficacy of treatments for bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 1993; 29:447-456
37. Elliott C: Caring about risks. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:113-116
38. Gershon S, Soares JC: Current therapeutic profile of lithium. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:16-20
39. Rice JP, McDonald-Scott P, Endicott J, Coryell W, Grove WM, Keller MB, Altis D: The stability of diagnosis with an application to bipolar II disorder. Psychiatry Res 1986; 19:285-296
40. Coryell W, Keller M, Endicott J, Andreasen N, Clayton P, Hirschfeld R: Bipolar II illness: course and outcome over a five-year period. Psychol Med 1989; 19:129-141
41. Kupfer DJ, Carpenter LL, Frank E: Is bipolar II a unique disorder? Compr Psychiatry 1988; 29:228-236
42. Gelenberg AJ, Kane JM, Keller MB, Lavori PW, Rosenbaum JF, Cole K, Lavelle J: Comparison of standard and low serum levels of lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1489-1493
43. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Kane JM, Gelenberg AJ, Rosenbaum JF, Walzer EA, Baker LA: Subsyndromal symptoms in bipolar disorder: a comparison of standard and low serum levels of lithium. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:371-376
44. Maj M, Starace F, Nolfe G, Kemali D: Minimum plasma lithium levels required for effective prophylaxis in DSM-III bipolar disorder: a prospective study. Pharmacopsychiatry 1986; 19:420-423
45. Harrow M, Goldberg JF, Grossman LS, Meltzer HY: Outcome in manic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:180-182
46. O'Connell RA, Mayo JA, Flatow L, Cuthbertson B, O'Brien BE: Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 159:123-129
47. Guscott R, Taylor L: Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective illness: efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164:741-746
48. Peselow ED, Fieve RR, Difiglia G, Sanfilipo MP: Lithium prophylaxis of bipolar illness. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 164:208-214
49. Winokur G, Coryell W, Akiskal HS, Endicott J, Keller M, Mueller T: Manic-depressive (bipolar) disorder: the course in light of a prospective ten-year follow-up of 131 patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 89:102-110
50. Gitlin MJ, Swendsen J, Heller TL, Hammen C: Relapse and impairment in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1635-1640