Outcome in the pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder

Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

Volumn 16, Issue 2 SUPPL. 1, 1996, Pages

  Keck Jr , Paul E ^a   McElroy, Susan L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBAMAZEPINE; LITHIUM; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM;

BIPOLAR DEPRESSION; HUMAN; MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0029924688     PISSN: 02710749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199604001-00003     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Hopkins HS, Gelenberg AJ. Treatment of bipolar disorder: how far have we come? Psychopharmacol Bull 1994;30:27-37.
2. Kraepelin E. Manic-depressive insanity, paranoia. Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone, 1921.
3. Tsuang MT, Dempsey GM. Long-term outcome of major psychoses. II. Schizoaffective disorder compared with schizophrenia, affective disorders, and a surgical control group. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:1302-4.
4. Carlson GA, Kotin J, Davenport YB, Adland M. A follow-up of 53 bipolar manic depressive patients. Br J Psychiatry 1974;124:134-9.
5. Lundquist G. Prognosis and course in manic-depressive psychoses: a follow-up study of 319 first admissions. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1945;35[suppl]:1-96.
6. Winokur G, Clayton PJ, Reich T. Manic depressive illness. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby, 1969.
7. Bland RC, Orn H. Course and outcome in affective disorders. Can J Psychiatry 1982;25:573-8.
8. McGlashan TH. The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study. II. Long-term outcome of schizophrenia and the affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:586-601.
9. Black DW, Hulbert J, Nasrallah A. The effect of somatic treatment and comorbidity on immediate outcome in manic patients. Compr Psychiatry 1989;30:74-9.
10. Tohen M, Waternaux CM, Tsuang MT. Outcome in mania: a four year prospective follow-up of 75 patients utilizing survival analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:1106-11.
11. Dion G, Tohen M, Anthony W, Waternaux C. Symptoms and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder six months after hospitalization. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1989;39:652-6.
12. Lipinski JF, Pope HJ Jr. Possible synergistic action between carbamazepine, lithium carbonate in the treatment of three acutely manic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:948-9.
13. Keck PE, McElroy SL, Vuckovic A, Friedman L. Combined valproate and carbamazepine treatment of bipolar disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992;4:319-22.
14. Ketter TA, Pazzaglia PJ, Post RM. Synergy of carbamazepine and valproic acid in affective illness: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1992;12:276-81.
15. Sernyak MJ, Griffin RA, Johnson RM. Neuroleptic exposure following inpatient treatment of acute mania with lithium and neuroleptic. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:133-5.
16. McElroy SL, Dessain EC, Pope HG Jr, Cole JO, Keck PE Jr, Frankenberg FR, Aizley HG, O'Brien S. Clozapine in the treatment of psychotic mood disorders, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 1991;52:411-4.
17. Keck PE Jr, Wilson DR, Strakowski SM, McElroy SL, Kizer DL, Balistreri T, Holtman HM, DePriest M. Clinical predictors of acute risperidone response in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and psychotic mood disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1995;56:466-70.
18. Sachs GS. Use of clonazepam for bipolar affective disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51[suppl]:31-4.
19. Bauer MS, Whybrow PC. Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder II. Treatment of refractory rapid cycling with high-dose levothyroxine: a preliminary study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:435-40.
20. Frank E, Prien RF, Jarrett RB, Keller MB, Kupfer DJ, Lavori PW, Rush AJ, Weissman MM. Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder: remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:851-5.
21. Goodwin FK, Ebert M. Lithium in mania: clinical trials and controlled studies. In: Gerson S, Shopsin B, eds. Lithium: its role in psychiatric research and treatment. New York: Plenum Press, 1973:237-52.
22. Goodwin FK, Zis AP. Lithium in the treatment of mania: comparisons with neuroleptics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:840-4.
23. Freeman TW, Clothier JL, Pazzaglia P, Lesem MD, Swann AC. A double-blind comparison of valproate, lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:108-11.
24. Bowden CL, Brugger AM, Swann AC, Calabrese JR, Janicak PG, Petty F, Dilsaver SC, Davis JM, Rush AJ, Small JG, Garza-Trevino ES, Risch SC, Goodnick PJ, Morris DD, for the Depakote Mania Study Group. Efficacy of divalproex vs lithium, placebo in the treatment of mania. JAMA 1994;271:918-24.
25. Stokes PE, Shamoian CA, Stoll PM, Patton MJ. Efficacy of lithium as acute treatment of manic-depressive illness. Lancet 1971;1: 1319-25.
26. Goodwin FK, Murphy DL, Bunney WF Jr. Lithium carbonate treatment in depression and mania a longitudinal double-blind study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1969;21:486-96.
27. Maggs R. Treatment of manic illness with lithium carbonate. Br J Psychiatry 1963;109:56-65.
28. Schou M, Juel-Nielsen N, Strömgren E, Voldby H. The treatment of manic psychoses by the administration of lithium salts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1954;17:250-60.
29. Keck PE, McElroy SL. Current perspectives on treatment of bipolar disorder with lithium. Psychiatr Ann 1993;23:64-9.
30. Emrich HM, von Zerssen D, Kissling W. On a possible role of GABA in mania: therapeutic efficacy of sodium valproate. In: Costa E, Dicharia G, Gessa GL, eds. GABA and benzodiazepine receptors. New York: Raven Press, 1981:287-96.
31. Brennan MJW, Sandyk R, Barsook D. Use of sodium valproate valproate in the management of affective disorders: basic and clinical aspects. In: Emrich HM, Okuma T, Miller AA, eds. Anticonvulsants in affective disorders. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1984:56-65.
32. Post RM, Berrettini W, Uhde T, Kellner C. Selective response to the anticonvulsant carbamazepine in manic depressive illness: a case study. J Clin Psyehopharmacol 1984;4:178-85.
33. Pope HG Jr, McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr, Hudson JI. Valproate in the treatment of acute mania: a placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:62-8.
34. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Coryell W, Andreasen NC, Endicott J, Clayton PJ, Klerman GL, Hirschfeld RMA. Differential outcome of pure manic, mixed/cycling, and pure depressive episodes in patients with bipolar illness. JAMA 1986;255:3138-42.
35. McElroy SL, Keck PE, Pope HGJ, Hudson JI, Faedda GL, Swann AC. Clinical and research implications of the diagnosis of dysphoric or mixed mania or hypomania. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149: 1633-44.
36. Dunner DL, Patrick V, Fieve RR. Rapid cycling manic depressive patients. Compr Psychiatry 1976;18:561-6.
37. Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Nemeroff CB. Anticonvulsants in the treatment of bipolar disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992;4:395-405.
38. Okuma T, Inanaga K, Otsuki S. Comparison of the antimanic efficacy of carbamazepine and chlorpromazine: a double-blind controlled study. Psychopharmacology 1979;66:211-7.
39. Ballenger JC, Post RM. Therapeutic effects of carbamazepine in affective illness: a preliminary report. Commun Psychopharmacol 1978;2:159-75.
40. Post RM, Ballenger JC, Uhde TW. Efficacy of carbamazepine in manic-depressive illness: implications for underlying mechanisms. In: Post RM, Ballenger JC, eds. Neurobiology of mood disorders. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1984:777-816.
41. Lerer B, Moore N, Meyendorff E, Cho S-R, Gershon S. Carbamazepine versus lithium in mania: a double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry 1987;48:89-93.
42. Small JG, Klapper MH, Milstein V, Kellams JJ, Miller MJ, Marhenke JD, Small IF. Carbamazepine compared with lithium in the treatment of mania. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:915-21.
43. Okuma T, Yamashita I, Takahashi R, Itoh H, Otsuki S, Wantanabe S, Sarai K, Hazama H, Inanaga K. Comparison of the antimanic efficacy of carbamazepine and lithium carbonate by double-blind controlled study. Pharmacopsychiatry 1990;23:143-50.
44. Grossi E, Sacchetti E, Vita A. Carbamazepine vs. chlorprozamine in mania: a double-blind trial. In: Emrich HM, Okuma T, Muller A, eds. Anticonvulsants in affective disorders. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1984:177-87.
45. Zornberg GL, Pope HG Jr. Treatment of depression in bipolar disorder, new directions for research. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:397-408.
46. Kessell A, Holt F. A controlled study of tetracyclic antidepressant-maprotiline. Med J Aust 1975;1:773-6.
47. Watanabe S, Ishino H, Otsuki S. Double-blind conparison of lithium carbonate and imipramine in treatment of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:659-68.
48. Fieve RR, Platman SR, Plutchik RR. The use of lithium in affective disorders I: acute endogenous depression. Am J Psychiatry 1968;125:487-91.
49. Calabrese JR, Delucchi GA. Spectrum of efficacy of valproate in 55 patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1990;147:431-4.
50. Lambert P-A. Acute and prophylactic therapies of patients with affective disorders using valpromide (dipropylacetamide). In: Emrich HM, Okuma T, Muller AA, eds. Anticonvulsants in affective disorders. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1984:33-44.
51. McElroy SL, Pope HG Jr, Keck PE Jr, Hudson JI. Treatment of psychiatric disorders with sodium valproate: a series of 73 cases. Psychiatrie Psychobiologie 1988;3:81-5.
52. Hayes SG. Long term use of valproate in primary psychiatric disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50[suppl 3]:35-9.
53. McElroy SL, Keck PE Jr. Treatment guidelines for valproate in bipolar, schizoaffective disorders. Can J Psychiatry 1993;38[suppl 2]:S62-6.
54. Post RM, Uhde TW, Roy-Byrne PP. Antidepressant effects of carbamazepine. Am J Psychiatry 1986;143:29-34.
55. Small JG. Anticonvulsants in affective disorders. Psychopharmacol Bull 1990;26:25-36.
56. Altshuler LL, Post RM, Leverich GS, Mikalauskas K, Rosoff A, Ackerman BA. Antidepressant-induced mania and cycle acceleration: a controversy revisited. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1130-8.
57. Hirschfeld RMA, Clayton PJ, Cohen I, Fawcett J, Keck PE Jr, McClellan J, McElroy SL, Post R, Satloff A. Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151[suppl]:1-36.
58. Suppes T, Baldessarini RJ, Faedda GL, Tohen M. Risk of recurrence following discontinuation of lithium treatment of bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:1082-8.
59. Prien RF, Potter WZ. NIMH workshop report on treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 1990;26:409-27.
60. Harrow M, Goldberg JF, Grossman LS, Meltzer HY. Outcome in manic disorders: a naturalistic follow-up study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:665-71.
61. Maj M, Priozzi R, Kemali D. Long-term outcome of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar patients [letter]. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48: 772.
62. O'Connell RA, Mayo JA, Flatow L, Cuthbertson B, O'Brien BE. Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:123-9.
63. Solomon D, Keitner G, Miller I, Shea M, Keller M. Course of illness and maintenance treatments for patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Pyschiatry 1995;56:5-13.
64. Miklowitz DL, Goldstein MJ, Nuechterlein KH, Snyder KS, Mintz J. Family factors and the course of bipolar affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:225-31.
65. Black DW, Winokur G, Hulbert J, Nasrallah A. Predictors of immediate response in the treatment of mania: the importance of comorbidity. Biol Psychiatry 1988;24:191-8.
66. Peselow ED, Fieve RR, DiFiglia C, Sanfilipo MP. Lithium prophylaxis of bipolar illness: the value of combination treatment. Br J Psychiatry 1994;164:208-14.
67. Gelenberg AJ, Kane JN, Keller MB, Lavori P, Rosenbaum JF, Cole K, Lavelle J. Comparison of standard and low serum levels of lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1489-93.
68. Keller MB, Lavori PW, Kane JM, Gelenberg AJ, Rosenbaum JF, Walzer EA, Baker LA. Subsyndromal symptoms in bipolar disorder: a comparison of standard and low serum levels of lithium. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:371-6.
69. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-depressive illness. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
70. Maj M. Clinical prediction of response to lithium prophylaxis in bipolar patients: a critical update. Lithium 1992;3:15-21.
71. Faedda GL, Baldessarini RJ, Tohen M, Strakowski SM, Waternaux C. Episode sequence in bipolar disorder and response to lithium treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:1237-9.
72. Okuma T, Inanaga K, Otsuki S. A preliminary double-blind study of the efficacy of carbamazepine in prophylaxis of manic depressive illness. Psychopharmacology 1981;73:95-6.
73. Placidi GF, Lenzi A, Lazzerine F, Cassano GB, Akiskal HS. The comparative efficacy and safety of carbamazepine versus lithium: a randomized, double-blind 3-year trial in 83 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1986;47:490-4.
74. Watkins SE, Callender K, Thomas DR. The effect of carbamazepine and lithium on remission from affective illness. Br J Psychiatry 1987;150:280-2.
75. Bellaire W, Demish K, Stoll K-D. Carbamazepine versus lithium in prophylaxis of recurrent affective disorders. Psychopharmacology 1988;96[suppl]:287.
76. Lusznat RM, Murphy DP, Nunn CMH. Carbamazepine vs lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania. Br J Psychiatry 1988;153:198-204.
77. Murphy DJ, Gannon MA, McGennis A. Carbamazepine in bipolar affective disorder. Lancet 1989;2:1151-2.
78. Frankenburg FR, Tonen M, Cohen BM, Lipinski JF. Long-term response to carbamazepine: a retrospective study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988;8:130-2.
79. Post RM, Leverich GS, Rosoff AS, Altshuler LL. Carbamazepine prophylaxis in refractory affective disorders: a focus on long-term follow-up. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990;10:318-27.
80. Post RM. Anticonvulsants in refractory mood disorders. In: Nolen WA, Zohar J, Roose SP, eds. Refractory depression: current strategies and future directions. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, 1994:97-114.
81. Simhandl C, Denk E, Thou K. The comparative efficacy of carbamazepine low and high serum level and lithium carbonate in the prophylaxis of affective disorders. J Affect Disord 1993;28:221-31.
82. Post RM, Uhde TW, Roy-Byrne PP, Joffe RT. Correlates of antimanic response to carbamazepine. Psychiatry Res 1987;21:71-83.
83. Okuma T. Effects of carbamazepine and lithium on affective disorders. Neuropsychobiology 1993;27:138-45.
84. Denicoff KD, Smith-Jackson E, Disney E, Leverich GS, Post RM. Outcome in bipolar patients randomized to lithium or carbamazepine prophylaxis and crossed over in year two [abstract]. First International Conference on Bipolar Disorder, Pittsburgh, 1994.
85. McElroy SL, Keck PE, Pope HG, Hudson JI. Valproate in the treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988;8:275-9.
86. Puzynski S, Klosiewicz L. Valproic acid amide in the treatment of affective and schizoaffective disorders. J Affect Disord 1984;6: 115-21.