Family size, childhood infections and atopic diseases

Thorax

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 28-32

  Bodner, Coreen ^b   Godden, David ^b   Seaton, Anthony ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Atopic disease; Childhood infections; Family size

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; ATOPY; CHICKENPOX; CORRELATION FUNCTION; FAMILY SIZE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEASLES; MUMPS; PERTUSSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; RUBELLA; SCHOOL CHILD;

EID: 0031969704     PISSN: 00406376     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/thx.53.1.28     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Burney PGJ, Chinn S, Rhona RJ. Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? Evidence from the national study of health and growth. BMJ 1990;300:1306 10.
2. Peat JK, van den Berg RH, Green WF, Mellis CM, Leeder SR, Woolcock AJ. Changing prevalence of asthma in Australian children. BMJ 1944;308:1591 6.
3. Seaton A, Godden DJ, Brown K. Increase in asthma: a more toxic environment or a more susceptible population? Thorax 1994;49:171-4.
4. Hodge L, Salome CM, Peat JK, Haby MM, Xuan W, Woolcock AJ. Consumption of oily fish and childhood asthma risk. Med J Aust 1996;164:137-40.
5. Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene and household size. BMJ 1989;299:1259-60.
6. Von Mutius E, Martinez FD, Fritsch C, Nicolai T, Reitmeir P, Theilmann H-H. Skin test reactivity and number of siblings. BMJ 1994;308:692-5.
7. Shaheen SO, Aaby P, Hall AJ, et al. Measles and atopy in Guinea-Bissau. Lancet 1996;347:1792 6.
8. Shirakawa T, Enomoto T, Shimazu S-I, Hopkin JM. The inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder. Science 1997;275:77 9.
9. Matricardi PM, Rosmini F, Ferrigno L, et al. Cross sectional retrospective study of prevalence of atopy among Italian military students with antibodies against hepatitis A virus. BMJ 1997;314:999 1003.
10. Galbraith S, McCormick A. Infection in England and Wales, 1838 1993. In: Charlton J, Murphy M, eds. The health of adult Britain 1841 1994. Volume 2. London: HMSO, 1997: 1-20.
11. Dawson B, Horobin G, Illsley R, Mitchell R. A survey of childhood asthma in Aberdeen. Lancet 1969;i:827-30.
12. Mitchell RG, Dawson D. Educational and social characteristics of children with asthma. Arch Dis Child 1973; 48:467-71.
13. Omran M, Russell G. Continuing increase in respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren. BMJ 1996;312:34.
14. Austin JB, Russell G, Adam MG, Mackintosh D, Kelsey S, Peck DF. Prevalence of asthma and wheeze in the Highlands of Scotland. Arch Dis Child 1994;71:211 6.
15. Ross S, Godden DJ, Abdalla M, et al. Outcome of wheeze in childhood: the influence of atopy. Eur Respir J 1995;8: 2081-7.
16. Shaheen SO. Changing patterns of childhood infection and the rise in allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 1995;25: 1034 7.
17. Romagnani S. Induction of Th1 and Th2 responses: a key role for the "natural" immune response? Immunol Today 1996;13:379 81.
18. Maggi E, Parronchi P, Manetti R, et al. Reciprocal regulatory effects of IFN-γ and IL-4 on the in vitro development of human Th1 and Th2 clones. J Immunol 1992;148:2142 7.
19. Warner JA, Miles EA, Jones AC, Quint DJ, Colwell BM, Warner JO. Is deficiency of interferon gamma production by allergen triggered by cord blood cells a predictor of atopic eczema? Clin Exp Allergy 1994;24:423 30.
20. Tang MLK, Kemp AS, Thorburn J, Hill DJ. Reduced interferon-γ secretion in neonates and subsequent atopy. Lancet 1994;344:983 5.
21. Strachan DP, Taylor EM, Carpenter RG. Family structure, neonatal infection, and hayfever in adolescence. Arch Dis Child 1996;74:422-6.
22. Strachan DP, Harkins LS, Johnston IDA, Anderson HR. Childhood antecedents of allergic sensitization in young British adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:6-12.
23. Strachan DP, Harkins LS, Golding J. Sibship size and self-reported inhalant allergy among adult women. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:151 5.
24. Jarvis D, Chinn S, Luczynska C, Burney P. The association of family size with atopy and atopic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:240-5.
25. Shaheen S. Discovering the causes of atopy. Patterns of childhood infection and fetal growth may be implicated. BMJ 1997;314:987 8.
26. Lewis S, Butland B, Strachan D, et al. Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts. Thorax 1996;51:670-6.
27. Ward BJ, Griffin DE. Changes in cytokine production after measles virus vaccination: predominant production of IL-4 suggests induction of a Th2 response. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1993;67:171 7.
28. Holt PG, Sly PD, Allergic respiratory disease: strategic targets for primary prevention during childhood. Thorax 1997;52:1 4.
29. Lin H, Mossmann TR, Guilbert L, Tuntipopipat S, Wegmann TG. Synthesis of T helper 2-type cytokines at the maternal-fetal interface. J Immunol 1993;151:4562-73.
30. Soutar A, Seaton A, Brown K. Bronchial reactivity and dietary antioxidants. Thorax 1997;52:166 70.
31. Bodner C. Dietary antioxidants and adult onset wheeze. Eur Respir J 1996;9(Suppl 23):419s.
32. Black PN, Sharp S. Dietary fat and asthma: is there a connection? Eur Respir J 1997;10:6-12.