The putative alpha helix 2 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr contains a determinant which is responsible for the nuclear translocation of proviral DNA in growth-arrested cells

Journal of Virology

Volumn 72, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 4104-4115

  Nie, Zilin ^a   Bergeron, Dominique ^a   Subbramanian, Ramu A ^a   Yao, Xiao Jian ^a   Checroune, Florent ^a   Rougeau, Nicole ^a   Cohen, Eric A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPITOPE; GAG PROTEIN; VIRUS DNA; VPR PROTEIN;

ALPHA HELIX; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL GROWTH; CELL NUCLEUS; CELL STRAIN COS1; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE TARGETING; HELA CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROVIRUS; VIRUS DNA CELL DNA INTERACTION;

EID: 0031967149     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.5.4104-4115.1998     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Balliet, J. W., D. L. Kolson, G. Eiger, F. M. Kim, K. A. McGann, A. Srinivasan, and R. Collman. 1994. Distincts effects in primary macrophages and lymphocytes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 accessory genes vpr, vpu and nef: mutational analysis of a primary HIV-1 isolate. Virology 200:623-631.
2. Bukrinsky, M. I., S. Haggerty, M. P. Dempsey, N. Sharova, A. Adzhubel, L. Spitz, P. Lewis, D. Goldfarb, M. Emerman, and M. Stevenson. 1993. A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells. Nature 365:666-669.
3. Bukrinsky, M. I., N. Sharova, M. P. Dempsey, T. L. Stanwick, A. G. Bukrinskaya, S. Haggerty, and M. Stevenson. 1992. Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6580-6584.
4. Bukrinsky, M. I., N. Sharova, T. L. McDonald, T. Pushkarskaya, W. G. Tarpley, and M. Stevenson. 1993. Association of integrase, matrix, and reverse transcriptase antigens of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with viral nucleic acids following acute infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6125-6129.
5. Camaur, D., P. Galley, S. Swingler, and D. Trono. 1997. Human immunodeficiency virus matrix tyrosine phosphorylation: characterization of the kinase and its substrate requirements. J. Virol. 71:6834-6841.
6. Campbell, B. J., and V. M. Hirsch. 1997. Vpr of simian immunodeficiency virus of African green monkeys is required for replication in macaque macrophages and lymphocytes. J. Virol. 71:5593-5602.
7. gag. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 10:1-7.
8. Clouse, K. A., D. Powell, I. Washington, G. Poli, K. Strebel, W. Farrar, P. Barstad, J. Kovacs, A. S. Fauci, and T. M. Folks. 1989. Monokine regulation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression in a chronically infected human T cell clone. J. Immunol. 142:431-438.
9. Cohen, E. A., G. Dehni, J. G. Sodroski, and W. A. Haseltine. 1990. Human immunodeficiency virus vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. J. Virol. 64:3097-3099.
10. Collin, M., and S. Gordon. 1994. The kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcription are slower in primary human macrophages than in a lymphoid cell line. Virology 200:114-120.
11. Connor, R. I., K. Kuan Chen, S. Choe, and N. Landau. 1995. Vpr is required for efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in mononuclear phagocytes. Virology 206:935-944.
12. Dianzani, F., G. Antonelli, O. Turriziani, G. Dong, M. R. Capobianchi, and E. Riva. 1992. In vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine. Antiviral Res. 18:39-52.
13. Di Marzio, P., S. Choe, M. Ebright, R. Knoblauch, and N. R. Landau. 1995. Mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization, and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr. J. Virol. 69:7909-7916.
14. Emerman, M. 1996. HIV-1, Vpr and the cell cycle. Curr. Biol. 6:1096-103.
15. Fletcher, T. M. R., B. Brichacek, N. Sharova, M. A. Newman, G. Stivahtis, P. M. Sharp, M. Emerman, B. H. Hahn, and M. Stevenson. 1996. Nuclear import and cell cycle arrest functions of the HIV-1 Vpr protein are encoded by two separate genes in HIV-2/SIV(SM). EMBO J. 15:6155-6165.
16. Fouchier, R. A. M., B. E. Meyer, J. H. M. Simon, U. Fisher, and M. H. Malim. 1997. HIV-1 infection of non-dividing cells: evidence that the amino-terminal basic region of the matrix protein is important for Gag processing but not for post-entry nuclear import. EMBO J. 16:4531-4539.
17. Freed, E. O., G. Englund, and M. Martin. 1995. Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type matrix in macrophage infection. J. Virol. 69:3449-3454.
18. Freed, E. O., G. Englund, F. Maldarelli, and M. A. Martin. 1997. Phosphorylation of residue 131 of HIV-1 matrix is not required for macrophage infection. Cell 88:171-173.
19. Freed, E. O., and M. A. Martin. 1994. HIV-1 infection in non-dividing cells. Nature 369:107-108.
20. Gallay, P., V. Stitt, C. Mundy, M. Oettinger, and D. Trono. 1996. Role of the karyopherin pathway in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import. J. Virol. 70:1027-1032.
21. Gallay, P., S. Swingler, C. Aiken, and D. Trono. 1995. HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells: C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of the viral matrix protein is a key regulator. Cell 80:379-388.
22. Gallay, P., S. Swingler, J. Song, F. Bushman, and D. Trono. 1995. HIV nuclear import is governed by the phosphotyrosine-mediated binding of matrix to the core domain of integrase. Cell 83:569-576.
23. Gao, W. Y., A. Cara, R. C. Gallo, and F. Lori. 1993. Low levels of deoxynucleotides in peripheral blood lymphocytes: a strategy to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8925-8928.
24. Gulizia, J., M. P. Dempsey, N. Sharova, M. I. Bukrinsky, L. Spitz, D. Goldfarb, and M. Stevenson. 1994. Reduced nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes in the presence of a prototypic nuclear targeting signal. J. Virol. 68:2021-2025.
25. Guzman, Y. 1981. SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early SV40 mutants. Cell 23:175-182.
26. Harada, S., Y. Koyanagi, and N. Yamamoto. 1985. Infection of HTLV-III/ LAV in HTLV-1-carrying cells MT-2 and MT-4 and application in a plaque assay. Science 229:563-566.
27. 2 phase of the cell cycle by inhibiting p34cdc2 activity. J. Virol. 69:6705-6711.
28. Heinzinger, N. K., M. I. Bukrinsky, S. A. Haggerty, A. M. Ragland, V. Kewalramani, M.-A. Lee, H. E. Gendelman, L. Ratner, M. Stevenson, and M. Emerman. 1994. The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:7311-7315.
29. 2 + M phase of the cell cycle. J. Virol. 69:6304-6313.
30. Kimpton, J., and M. Emerman. 1992. Detection of replication-competent and pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus with a sensitive cell line based on activation of an integrated beta-galactosidase gene. J. Virol. 66: 2232-2239.
31. Kondo, E., and H. G. Göttlinger. 1996. A conserved LXXLF sequence is the major determinant in p6gag required for the incorporation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr. J. Virol. 70:159-164.
32. Lavallée, C., X. Y. Yao, A. Ladha, H. Gottlinger, W. A. Haseltine, and E. A. Cohen. 1994. Requirement of the Pr55 gag precursor for incorporation of Vpr product into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral particles. J. Virol. 68:1926-1934.
33. Lee, M. H., K. Sano, F. E. Morales, and D. T. Imagawa. 1987. Sensitive reverse transcriptase assay to detect and quantitate human immunodeficiency virus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:1717-1721.
34. + T lymphocytes. J. Virol. 71:1443-1452.
35. Lewis, P., M. Hensel, and M. Emerman. 1992. Human immunodeficiency virus infection of cells arrested in the cell cycle. EMBO J. 11:3053-3058.
36. Lewis, P. L., and M. Emerman. 1994. Passage through mitosis is required for oncoretroviruses but not for the human immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 68:510-516.
37. Lu, Y.-L., P. Spearman, and L. Ratner. 1993. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral protein R localization in infected cells and virions. J. Virol. 67:6542-6550.
38. Magnier-Gaubil, C., J. M. Herbert, R. Quarck, B. Papp, E. Corvazier, F. Wuytack, S. Levy-Toledano, and J. Enouf. 1996. Smooth muscle cell cycle and proliferation. Relationship between calcium influx and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase regulation. J. Biol. Chem. 271:27788-27794.
39. Mahalingam, S., V. Ayyavoo, M. Patel, T. Kierber-Emmons, and D. B. Weiner. 1997. Nuclear import, virion incorporation, and cell cycle arrest/ differentiation are mediated by distinct functional domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr. J. Virol. 71:6339-6347.
40. Mahalingam, S., S. A. Khan, M. A. Jabbar, C. E. Monken, R. G. Collman, and A. Srinivasan. 1995. Identification of residues in the N-terminal acidic domain of HIV-1 Vpr essential for virion incorporation. Virology 207:297-302.
41. Ratner, L., W. A. Haseltine, R. Patarca, K. J. Livak, B. Starcich, S. F. Josephs, E. R. Doran, J. A. Rafalski, E. A. Whitehorn, K. Baumeister, L. Inanoff, S. R. Petteway, J. A. Pearson, J. A. Lautenberger, T. S. Papas, J. Ghrayeb, N. T. Chang, R. C. Gallo, and F. Wong-Staal. 1985. Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. Nature 313:277-284.
42. 2 by inhibiting the activation of p34-cdc2-cyclin B. J. Virol. 69:6859-6864.
43. Reed, F., and R. Muench. 1938. A simple method of estimated fifty percent end-points. Am. J. Hyg. 27:493-497.
44. Refaeli, Y., D. N. Levy, and D. B. Weiner. 1995. The glucocorticoid receptor type II complex is a target of the HIV-1 vpr gene product. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:3621-3625.
45. Rogel, M. E., L. I. Wu, and M. Emerman. 1995. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr gene prevents cell proliferation during chronic infection. J. Virol. 69:882-888.
46. Schuitemaker, H. 1994. Macrophage-tropic HIV-1 variants: initiators of infection and AIDS pathogenesis? J. Leukocyte Biol. 56:218-224.
47. Schuitemaker, H., N. A. Kootstra, R. A. Fouchier, B. Hooibrink, and F. Miedema. 1994. Productive HIV-1 infection of macrophages restricted to the cell fraction with proliferative capacity. EMBO J. 13:5929-5936.
48. Spina, C. A., J. C. Guatelli, and D. D. Richman. 1995. Establishment of a stable, inducible form of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA in quiescent CD4 lymphocytes in vitro. J. Virol. 69:2977-2988.
49. Stevenson, M., T. L. Stanwick, M. P. Dempsey, and C. A. Lamonica. 1990. HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration. EMBO J. 9:1551-1560.
50. Stevenson, M. I. 1996. Portals of entry: uncovering HIV nuclear transport pathways. Trends Cell Biol. 6:9-15.
51. Subbramanian, R., and E. A. Cohen. 1994. Molecular biology of HIV accessory genes. J. Virol. 68:6831-6835.
52. Subbramanian, R. A., X.-J. Yao, H. Dilhuydy, N. Rougeau, D. Bergeron, Y. Robitaille, and E. A. Cohen. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr localization: nuclear transport of a viral protein modulated by a putative amphipathic helical structure and its relevance to biological activity. J. Mol. Biol., in press.
53. Swingler, S., P. Gallay, D. Camaur, J. Song, A. Abo, and D. Trono. 1997. The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances serine phosphorylation of the viral matrix. J. Virol. 71:4372-4377.
54. Tristem, M., C. Marshal, A. Karpas, and F. Hill. 1992. Evolution of the primate lentiviruses: evidence from Vpr and Vpx. EMBO J. 11:3405-3412.
55. Trono, D., and P. Gallay. 1997. In response to Freed et al. Cell 88:173-174.
56. von Schwedler, U., R. S. Kornbluth, and D. Trono. 1994. The nuclear localization signal of the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 allows the establishment of infection in macrophages and quiescent T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6992-6996.
57. Weissman, D., and A. S. Fauci. 1997. Role of dendritic cells in immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10:358-367.
58. Westervelt, P., T. Henkel, D. B. Towbridge, J. Orenstein, J. Heuser, H. E. Gendelman, and L. Ratner. 1992. Dual regulation of silent and productive infection in monocytes by distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 determinants. J. Virol. 66:3925-3931.
59. Yao, X.-J., R. Subbramanian, N. Rougeau, F. Boisvert, D. Bergeron, and E. A. Cohen. 1995. Mutagenic analysis of HIV-1 Vpr: role of a predicted N-terminal alpha-helical structure on Vpr nuclear localization and virion incorporation. J. Virol. 69:7032-7044.
60. Zack, J. A., S. A. Arrigo, and S. R. Weitsman. 1990. HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile latent viral structure. Cell 61:213-222.
61. Zack, J. A., S. J. Arrigo, and I. S. Chen. 1990. Control of expression and cell tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Adv. Virus Res. 38:125-146.
62. Zack, J. A., A. M. Haislip, P. Krogstad, and I. S. Chen. 1992. Incompletely reverse-transcribed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes in quiescent cells can function as intermediates in the retroviral life cycle. J. Virol. 66:1717-1725.
63. Zhao, L.-J., S. Mukherjee, and O. Narayan. 1994. Biochemical mechanism of HIV-1 Vpr function: specific interaction with a cellular protein. J. Biol. Chem. 289:15827-15832.
64. Zhou, W., L. J. Parent, J. W. Wills, and M. D. Resh. 1994. Identification of a membrane-binding domain within the amino-terminal region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag protein which interacts with acidic phospholipids. J. Virol. 68:2556-2569.