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Edited by Lahita RA. New York: Churchill, Livingstone
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Drenkard C, Villa AR, Reyes E, Abello M, Alarcon-Segovia D: Vasculitis in •• systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1997, 6:235-242. This study evaluated the frequency and characteristics of vasculitis in a cohort of 667 patients with lupus. Of the 540 patients fulfilling the study criteria, 194 had vasculitis. Vasculitis was cutaneous in 160, visceral in 24, and both cutaneous and visceral in 10. Patients with cutaneous vasculitis presented with a wide variety of lesions. Mononeuritis multiplex was the most common visceral vasculitis (19 of 24 patients), followed by digital necrosis (five patients), large artery vasculitis of the limbs (three patients), mesenteric vasculitis (one patient) and coronary vasculitis (one patient). In univariate analysis, vasculitis was associated with myocarditis, psychosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, serositis, lymphopenia, pleuritis, and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Visceral vasculitis was associated with increased mortality.
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Drenkard, C.1
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Muscle biopsy abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus: Correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters
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Lim KL, Abdul-Wahab R, Lowe J, Powell RJ: Muscle biopsy abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters. Ann Rheum Dis 1994, 53:178-182.
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Ko SF, Lee TY, Cheng TT, Ng SH, Lai HM, Cheng YF, Tsai CC: CT find• ings at lupus mesenteric vasculitis. Acta Radiol 1997, 38:115-120. Fifteen consecutive lupus patients with acute abdominal pain were evaluated by CT. Four were excluded for other causes of the pain. The diagnosis of lupus mesenteric vasculitis was based on clinical findings and the presence of the "comb sign" on CT. All patients responded to high-dose hydrocortisone clinically and had a normal follow-up CT.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus with membranous glomerulonephritis and uterine vasculitis
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Feriozzi S, Onetti Muda A, Amini M, Faraggiana T, Ancarani E: Systemic lupus erythematosus with membranous glomerulonephritis and uterine vasculitis. Am J Kidney Dis 1997, 29:277-279.
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Feriozzi, S.1
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Rubin LA, Geran A, Rose TH, Cohen H: A fatal pulmonary complication of lupus in pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38:710-714.
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Hubscher, O.1
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Pathology and pathogenesis of vascular injury in systemic lupus erythematosus
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Belmont HM, Abramson SB, Lie JT: Pathology and pathogenesis of •• vascular injury in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:9-22. This is a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis of vascular injury in SLE. Inflammatory vascular injury in lupus may not always be immune complex-mediated. Intravascular activation of complement releases complement split products, which attract and activate inflammatory cells to activated endothelial cells. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α activate endothelial cells and upregulate the expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Activated leukocytes adhere to endothelial cells, resulting in leukoagglutination with formation of vasoocclusive plugs. The facts that endothelial cell responses are restricted and depend on the type and size of blood vessels could explain the diversity of the vascular injury in patients with lupus.
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Arthritis Rheum
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Belmont, H.M.1
Abramson, S.B.2
Lie, J.T.3
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0027144105
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Upregulated expression and function of integrin adhesive receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with vasculitis
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Takeuchi T, Amano K, Sekine H, Koide J, Abe T: Upregulated expression and function of integrin adhesive receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with vasculitis. J Clin Invest 1993, 92:3008-3016.
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Takeuchi, T.1
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11
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0029913381
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Hyperexpression of CD40 ligand by B and T cells in human lupus and its role in pathogenic autoantibody production
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Desai-Mehta A, Lu L, Ramsey-Goldman R, Datta SK: Hyperexpression of •• CD40 ligand by B and T cells in human lupus and its role in pathogenic autoantibody production. J Clin Invest 1996, 97:2063-2073. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active lupus were found to have a 21-to 22-fold increase in the frequency of CD40L+ expressing CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells. Lupus patients in remission were found to have low levels of CD40L+ cells, but mitogen-induced upregulation of this molecule's expression was more readily achieved in these cells compared with cells from normal controls.
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J Clin Invest
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Desai-Mehta, A.1
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Increased expression of CD40 ligand on systemic lupus erythematosus lymphocytes
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Koshy M, Berger D, Crow MK: Increased expression of CD40 ligand on •• systemic lupus erythematosus lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1996, 98:826-837. Patients with lupus were found to have increased expression of CD40 ligand in T and B cells. CD40 ligation induces the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Moreover, it activates endothelial cells and may enhance expression of endothelial cell surface adhesion molecules.
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J Clin Invest
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Koshy, M.1
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0028783397
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Functional interaction of T cells with endothelial cells: The role of CD40L-CD40-mediated signals
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Yelin MJ, Brett J, Baum D, Matsushima A, Szabolcs M, Stem D, Chess L: Functional interaction of T cells with endothelial cells: the role of CD40L-CD40-mediated signals. J Exp Med 1995, 182:1857-1864.
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15844430231
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Damianovich M, Gilburd B, George J, Del Papa N, Afek A, Goldberg I, • Kopolovic Y, Roth D, Barkai G, Meroni PL, Shoenfeld M: Pathogenic role of endothelial cell antibodies in vasculltis. J Immunol 1996, 156:4946-4951. Three of 10 mice immunized with human AECAs developed endogeneous AECAs but not anti-proteinase-3, anti-cardiolipin antibodies or anti-DNA antibodies. These animals had histologic evidence of lymphoid cell infiltration surrounding arterioles and venules as well as deposition of immunoglobulins around the vessels. No frank vasculitis was seen on histology and none of the animals had any clinical symptoms of vasculitis.
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Damianovich, M.1
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Characterization of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A potential marker for disease activity
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Li JS, Liu MF, Lei HY: Characterization of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a potential marker for disease activity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996, 79:211-216.
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Characterization of the endothelial surface proteins recognized by anti-endothelial antibodies in primary and secondary vasculitis
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Del Papa N, Conforti G, Gambini D, La Rosa L, Tincani A, D'Cruz D, Khamashta M, Hughes GRV, Balestrieri G, Meroni PL: Characterization of the endothelial surface proteins recognized by anti-endothelial antibodies in primary and secondary vasculitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1994, 70:211-216.
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17
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0029149694
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Autoantibodles in systemic lupus erythematosus and urticarial vasculitis
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D'Cruz DP, Wisnieski JJ, Asheraon RA, Khamashta MA, Hughes GRV: Autoantibodles in systemic lupus erythematosus and urticarial vasculitis. J Rheumatol 1995, 22:1669-1673.
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18
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0027997659
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Antlendothellal cell antibodies and their relation to pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus
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Yoshio T, Masuyama JI, Morilo S, Minota S, Kano S: Antlendothellal cell antibodies and their relation to pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1994, 21:2058-2063.
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Yoshio, T.1
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19
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0029078206
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Antineutrophil cytplasmic antibodies (ANCA): Immunodiagnostic and pathophysiological aspects in vasculitis
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Gross WL, Csemok E: Antineutrophil cytplasmic antibodies (ANCA): immunodiagnostic and pathophysiological aspects in vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1995, 7:11-19.
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Gross, W.L.1
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20
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0030996125
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Prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in a large inception cohort of patients with connective tissue disease
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Merkel PA, Polisson RP, Chang YC, Skates SJ, Niles JL: Prevalence of •• antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in a large inception cohort of patients with connective tissue disease. Ann Intern Med 1997, 126:866-873. The prevalence of ANCAs was analyzed in a large cohort of patients with CTDs in a retrospective, blinded, controlled study. A strict protocol combining the results of indirect immunofluorescence and different ELISAs was used to reach a final interpretation of each patient's ANCA status. No cANCA-positive samples were found by indirect immunofluorescence. A high prevalence of pANCAs and atypical ANCAs were found by immunofluorescence in some patients, but in most the sera were negative for anti-proteinase 3 or antimyeloperoxidase by ELISA. All patients with pANCA were positive for antinuclear antibodies. Eleven sera (2.6%) had a positive EUSA for anti-proteinase-3 or anti-myeloperoxidase. However, during final interpretation, in which samples were considered positive only if the results of indirect immunofluorescence were consistent with the ELISA, no samples were positive for anti-proteinase 3 and only two were positive for anti-myeloperoxidase. The scoring system used in this paper had a combined specificity for anti-myeloperoxidase and anti-proteinase 3 of 99.5% (Cl, 98.1% to 99.9%).
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Merkel, P.A.1
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Chang, Y.C.3
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21
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0028933028
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
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Schnabel A, Csemok E, Isenberg DA, Mrowka C, Gross WL: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38:633-637.
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Isenberg, D.A.3
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Gross, W.L.5
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0031051946
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is unrelated to clinical features
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Nishiya K, Chikazawa H, Nishimura S, Hisakawa N, Hashimoto K: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is unrelated to clinical features. Clin Rheum 1997, 16:70-75.
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Nishiya, K.1
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23
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0029932356
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Factors associated with the development of vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a case-control study
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Voskuyl AE, Zwinderman AH, Westedt ML, Vandenbroucke JP, Breedveld • FC, Hazes JMW: Factors associated with the development of vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis: results of a case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis 1996, 55:190-192. Variables associated with the development of RV included male gender, high-titer rheumatoid factor, joint erosions, subcutaneous nodules, prior therapy with multiple disease-remitting agents, the presence of nailfold lesions 1 year prior to the diagnosis of vasculitis, and treatment with corticosteroids at the time of diagnosis of RV.
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Voskuyl, A.E.1
Zwinderman, A.H.2
Westedt, M.L.3
Vandenbroucke, J.P.4
Breedveld, F.C.5
Hazes, J.M.W.6
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24
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0028141892
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The incidence of rheumatoid vasculitis in the Norwich Health Authority
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Watts RA, Carruthers DM, Symmons DPM, Scott DGI: The incidence of rheumatoid vasculitis in the Norwich Health Authority. Br J Rheumatol 1994, 33:832-633.
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Watts, R.A.1
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25
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0031034514
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Focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis in rheumatoid arthritis
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Harper L, Cockwell P, Howie AJ, Michael J, Richards NT, Savage COS, • Wheeler DC, Bacon PA, Adu D: Focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis in rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med 1997, 90:125-132. Clinical data are reported on 10 patients with RA and focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis, five of whom also had extrarenal vasculitis. Positive rheumatoid factor, bone erosions, and positive pANCAs were frequently found, and most of these patients responded to treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide.
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Q J Med
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Harper, L.1
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0029070936
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Rheumatoid vasculitis manifesting as intra-abdominal hemorrhage
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Achkar AA, Stanson AW, Johnson CM, Srivatsa SS, Dale LC, Weyand CM: Rheumatoid vasculitis manifesting as intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Mayo Clin Proc 1995, 70:565-569.
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Cerebral vasculitis complicating rheumatoid arthritis
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Singleton JD, West SG, Reddy VVB, Rak KM: Cerebral vasculitis complicating rheumatoid arthritis. South Med J 1995, 88:470-474.
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Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis
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Anaya JM, Diethelm L, Ortiz LA, Gutierrez M, Citera G, Welsh RA, Espinoza LR: Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1995, 24:242-254.
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Anaya, J.M.1
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Welsh, R.A.6
Espinoza, L.R.7
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29
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0028808618
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Peripheral neuropathy with necrotizing vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis
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Puechal X, Said G, Hilliquin P, Coste J, Job-Deslandre C, Lacroix C, Menkes CJ: Peripheral neuropathy with necrotizing vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38:1618-1629.
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Puechal, X.1
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Menkes, C.J.7
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13344283432
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The mortality of rheumatoid vasculitis compared with rheumatoid arthritis
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Voskuyl AE, Zwinderman AH, Westedt ML, Vandenbroucke JP, Breedveld • FC, Hazes JM: The mortality of rheumatoid vasculitis compared with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:266-271. The mortality of patients with RV was found to be significantly higher than that of patients with RA without vasculitis. After adjustment for other prognostic factors (such as age and gender), the RV group still had a higher risk of death; however, the risk was no longer statistically significant.
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Arthritis Rheum
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Voskuyl, A.E.1
Zwinderman, A.H.2
Westedt, M.L.3
Vandenbroucke, J.P.4
Breedveld, F.C.5
Hazes, J.M.6
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31
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0031054711
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Methotrexate related cutaneous vasculitis
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Torner O, Ruber C, Olive A, Tena X: Methotrexate related cutaneous vasculitis [letter]. Clin Rheumatol 1997, 16:108-109.
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Clin Rheumatol
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Torner, O.1
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Olive, A.3
Tena, X.4
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32
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0029876954
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The frequency of cutaneous vasculitis is not increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate
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Kaye O, Beckers CC, Paquet P, Arrese JE, Peirard GE, Malaise MG: The • frequency of cutaneous vasculitis is not increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. J Rheumatol 1996, 23:253-257. A study comparing 91 RA patients receiving methotrexate with 130 matched RA patients on a variety of medications except methotrexate revealed the same frequency of clinical cutaneous vasculitis (5.4%). Patients who had not received methotrexate had a higher incidence of neuropathy and higher plasma levels of circulating immune complexes. Immunohistologic analysis of skin biopsies did not differ in the two groups.
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J Rheumatol
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Kaye, O.1
Beckers, C.C.2
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33
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0029029298
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Reactivation of rheumatoid arthritis and development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for Felty's Syndrome
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Vidarsson B, Geirsson AJ, Onundarson PT: Reactivation of rheumatoid arthritis and development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient receiving granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for Felty's Syndrome. Am J Med 1995, 98:589-591.
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Am J Med
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Vidarsson, B.1
Geirsson, A.J.2
Onundarson, P.T.3
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Occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic and antineutrophil (peri)nuclear antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
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Bosch X, Llena J, Collado A, Font J, Mirapeix E, Ingelmo M, Munoz-Gomez J, Urbano-Marquez A: Occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic and antineutrophil (peri)nuclear antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1995, 22:2038-2045.
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J Rheumatol
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Bosch, X.1
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35
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Incidence, target antigens, and clinical implications of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
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Braun MG, Csernok E, Schmitt WH, Gross WL: Incidence, target anti• gens, and clinical implications of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1996, 23:826-830. Of the 385 patients with RA studied, 16% were positive for pANCA, and these patients had higher inflammatory markers, a higher frequency of RF positivity, and a higher frequency of vasculitis than those who were not positive for pANCA, suggesting that pANCA in RA may be a marker for a more aggressive disease (including extra-articular features). A heterogeneous distribution of ANCA target antigens was found among five different targets tested by ELISA.
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(1996)
J Rheumatol
, vol.23
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Braun, M.G.1
Csernok, E.2
Schmitt, W.H.3
Gross, W.L.4
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0029982096
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients
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De Bandt M, Meyer O, Haim T, Kahn M-F: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic • antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Br J Rheumatol 1996, 35:38-43. The frequency of ANCAs was examined in patients with RV, longstanding RA (without vasculitis), early RA, psoriatic arthritis, drug-induced lupus, and SLE. Among the subsets of patients with RA, those with longstanding RA had a higher incidence of ANCA positivity than those with RV. When only pANCA positivity was examined, there was no difference between these two groups, and those with early RA were positive for ANCA (including pANCA) less often. ANCA screening was not useful for discriminating RV from longstanding RA.
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(1996)
Br J Rheumatol
, vol.35
, pp. 38-43
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De Bandt, M.1
Meyer, O.2
Haim, T.3
Kahn, M.-F.4
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37
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0029063201
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Levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and -3 but not circulating endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule are increased in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis
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Voskuyl AE, Martin S, Melchers I, Zwinderman AH, Weichselbraun I, Breedveld FC: Levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and -3 but not circulating endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule are increased in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. Br J Rheumatol 1995, 34:311-315.
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Br J Rheumatol
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Voskuyl, A.E.1
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Melchers, I.3
Zwinderman, A.H.4
Weichselbraun, I.5
Breedveld, F.C.6
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0031027307
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ICAM-1, E-selectin, and TNF-α expression in labial salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid vasculitis
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Flipo RM, Cardon T, Copin MC, Vandecandelaere, Duquesnoy B, Janin A: • ICAM-1, E-selectin, and TNF-α expression in labial salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:41-44. The expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α was increased in labial salivary gland biopsies of patients with RV (vs patients with RA and no vasculitis, patients with primary SS, and patients with RA plus secondary SS). Cell adhesion molecules were expressed in areas of microvascular damage in the biopsies of patients with RA vasculitis, and this expression decreased with clinical improvement in these patients.
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Flipo RM, Janin A, Hachulla E, Houvenagel E, Foulet A, Cardon T, Desbonnet A, Grardel B, Duqueanoy B, Delcambre B: Labial salivary gland biopsy assessment in rheumatoid vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 1994, 53:648-652.
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Houck HE, Kauffman CL, Casey DL: Minocycline treatment for leukocy• toclastic vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Dermatol 1997, 133:15-16. A case is reported of a woman with RV-related purpura, which responded to minocycline (100 mg twice daily) and recurred whenever the drug was discontinued.
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Grant IA, Hunder GG, Homburger HA, Dyck PJ: Peripheral neuropathy • associated with sicca complex. Neurology 1997, 48:855-862. Peripheral neuropathy was the presenting complaint in 87% of patients, with sicca complex and neuropathy with sensory involvement predominating (61% had symptoms of sensory polyneuropathy/polyganglionopathy, 17% had symptoms of sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and 11% had polyradiculopathy symptoms). Vasculitis was demonstrated in only two patients, and only 10.4% of the patients had positive SS antigen A antibodies. The few patients who had multiple mononeuropathy were more likely to have other extraglandular involvement.
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Yamamoto T, Yokoyama A: Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura associ• ated with Sjögren's syndrome and chronic C type hepatitis. J Dermatol 1997, 24:7-11. Patients with hypergammaglobulinemic purpura and primary SS have attacks of bilateral lower-extremity purpura triggered by prolonged standing or walking that often resolve with rest or therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Vasculitis was confirmed on biopsy in four of five patients, and none had associated systemic manifestations. Those with chronic hepatitis C had unilateral purpuric involvement that was not isolated to the lower legs. Three of four patients had serum positive for cryoglobulin.
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