Estimated past and future variability in UV radiation in South Africa based on trends in total column ozone

South African Journal of Science

Volumn 94, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 24-32

  Bodeker, Greg E ^a   Scourfield, Malcolm W J ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OZONE; RADIATION; RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0031961140     PISSN: 00382353     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. MacKenzie I.A., Harwood R.S., Froidevaux L., Read W.G. and Waters J.W. (1996). Chemical loss of polar vortex ozone interred from UARS MLS measurements of CIO during the Arctic and Antarctic late winters of 1993. J. geophys. Res. 101, 14505-14518.
2. Bojkov R.D., Bishop L and Fioletov V.E. (1995). Total ozone trends from quality controlled ground-based data (1964-1994). J. geophys. Res. 100, 25867-25876.
3. WMO Global ozone research monitoring project. Report no. 37, 1994, 1.
4. Herman J.R., Hudson R., McPeters R., Stolarski R., Ahmad Z., Gu X.-Y., Taylor S. and Wellemeyer C. (1991). A new self-calibration method applied to TOMS and SBUV backscattered ultraviolet radiation data to determine long-term global ozone change, J. geophys. Res. 96, 7531-7545.
5. Madronich S. (1992). Implications of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface. Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 37-40.
6. Herman J.R., Bhartia P.K., Ziemke J., Ahmad Z. and Larko D. (1996). UV-B increases (1979-1992) from decreases in total ozone. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2117-2120.
7. Bodeker G.E. and McKenzie R.L. (1993). Erythemal UV at 45°S: longitudinal and secular variability. Weather and Climate 13, 17-21.
8. Nack M.L. and Green A.E.S. (1974). Influence of clouds, haze and smog on the middle ultraviolet reaching the ground. Appl. Optics 12, 2405-2415.
9. Mims F.M. and Frederick J.E. (1994). Cumulus clouds and UV-B. Nature 371, 291-291.
10. Herman J.R. and Larko D. (1994). Low ozone amounts during 1992-1993 from Nimbus-7 and Meteor-3 total ozone mapping spectrometers. J. geophys. Res. 99, 3483-3496.
11. Herman J.R., Newman P.A. and Larko D. (1995). Meteor-3/TOMS observations of the 1994 ozone hole. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 3227-3229.
12. Press W.H., Flannery B.R., Teukolsky S.A. and Vettering W.T. (1989). Numerical Recipes in Pascal. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
13. Hartmann D.L., Heidt L.E., Loewenstein M., Podoloske J.R., Vedder J., Starr W.L. and Strahan S.E. (1989). Transport into the polar vortex in early spring. J. geophys. Res. 94, 16779-16795.
14. Tuck A.F. (1989). Synoptic and chemical evolution of the Antarctic vortex in late winter and early spring, 1987. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11687-11737.
15. Randel W.J. (1993). Ideas flow on Antarctic vortex. Nature 364, 105-106.
16. 5 on sulphate aerosol in global ozone losses. Nature 352, 134-137.
17. Brasseur G.P. and Granier C. (1992). Mount Pinatubo aerosol, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone depletion. Science 257, 1239-1242.
18. Prather M. (1992). Catastrophic loss of stratospheric ozone in dense volcanic clouds. J. geophys. Res. 97, 10187-10191.
19. Borrmann S., Solomon S., Dye J.E. and Luo B. (1996). The potential of cirrus clouds for heterogeneous chlorine activation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2133-2136.
20. Chen P. and Robinson W.A. (1992). Propagation of planetary waves between the troposphere and stratosphere. J. atmos. Sci. 49, 2533-2545.
21. Lindzen R.S. and Holton J.R. (1968). A theory of the quasi-biennial oscillation. J. atmos. Sci. 25, 1095-1107.
22. Holton J.R. and Lindzen R.S. (1972). An updated theory for the quasibiennial cycle of the tropical stratosphere. J. atmos. Sci. 29, 1076-1080.
23. Gray L.J. and Pyle J.A. (1989). A two-dimensional model of the quasibiennial oscillation of ozone. J. atmos. Sci. 46, 203-220.
24. Tung K.K. and Yang H. (1988). Dynamic variability of column ozone. J. geophys. Res. 93, 11123-11128.
25. Yang H. and Tung K.K. (1995). On the phase propagation of extratropical ozone quasi-biennial oscillation in observational data. J. geophys. Res. 100, 9091-9100.
26. Diab R., Barsby J., Bodeker G.E., Scourfield M.W.J. and Salter L. (1992). Satellite observations of total ozone above South Africa. S. Afr. geogr. J. 74, 13-18.
27. Henderson-Sellers A. and Robinson P.J. (1987). In Contemporary Climatology, pp. 220-222. Longman, London.
28. Perliski L.M., Solomon S. and London J. (1989). On the interpretation of seasonal variations of stratosphcric ozone. Planet. Space Sci. 37, 1527-1538.
29. Hoinka K.P., Claude H. and Köhler U. (1996). On the correlation between tropopause pressure and ozone above central Europe. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 1753-1756.
30. Oltmans SJ. and London J. (1982). The quasi-biennial oscillation in atmospheric ozone. J. geophys. Res. 87, 8981-8989.
31. Solomon S. (1990). Progress towards a quantitative understanding of Antarctic ozone depletion. Nature 347, 347-354.
32. Rodriguez J.M., Ko M.K.W., Sze N.-D., Heisey C.W. (1994). Ozone response to enhanced heterogeneous processing after the eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 209-212.
33. Elkins J.W., Thompson T.M., Swanson T.H., Butler J.H., Hall B.D., Cummings S.O., Fisher D.A. and Raffo A.G. (1993). Decrease in the growth rates of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12. Nature 364, 780-783.
34. Bird R.E. and Riordan C. (1986). Simple solar spectral model for direct and diffuse irradiance on horizontal and tilted planes at the Earth's surface for cloudless atmospheres. J. Climate appl. Meteorol. 25, 87-97.
35. Bodeker G.E. and McKenzie R.L. (1996). An algorithm for inferring surface UV irradiance including clouds effects. J. appl. Meteorol. 35, 1860-1877.
36. McKinlay A.F. and Diffey B.L. (1987). A reference spectrum for ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin. In Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation: Risks and Regulations, eds W.R. Passchler and B.F.M. Bosnajokovic. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
37. Bass A.M. and Paur R.J. (1984). The ultraviolet cross-section of ozone: I. The measurements. In Atmospheric Ozone, eds C.S. Zerefos and A. Ghazi, pp. 606-610. Reidel, Dordrecht.
38. Iqbal M. (1993). An Introduction to Solar Radiation. Academic Press, Toronto.
39. Kneizys F.X., Shettle E.P., Abreu L.W., Chetwynd J.H., Anderson G.P., Gallery W.O., Selby J.E.A. and Clough S.A. (1988). Users Guide to LOWTRAN 7, AFGL-TR-880177. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory.
40. Scourfield M.W.J., Bodeker G.E., Barker M.D., Diab R.D. and Salter L.F. (1990). Ozone: the South African connection. S. Afr. J. Sci. 86, 279-281.