Clozapine reduces violence and persistent aggression in schizophrenia

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

Volumn 59, Issue SUPPL. 3, 1998, Pages 8-14

  Glazer, William M ^a,b   Dickson, Ruth A ^b  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BUSPIRONE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOZAPINE; FLUOXETINE; HALOPERIDOL; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PROPRANOLOL; PROPRANOLOL DERIVATIVE; RISPERIDONE; TRAZODONE; VALPROIC ACID;

AGGRESSION; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG MECHANISM; LEGAL ASPECT; NEUROBIOLOGY; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIOECONOMICS; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIOLENCE;

EID: 0031956951     PISSN: 01606689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Flannery RB Jr, Hanson A, Penk W. Patients' threats: expanded definitions of assault. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1995;17:451-453
2. Stanton B, Baldwin RM, Rachuba L. A quarter century of violence in the United States: an epidemiologic assessment. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20:269-282
3. Hammett M, Powell KE, O'Carroll PW, et al. Homicide surveillance -United States, 1979-1988. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ 1992;41:1-33
4. Kavoussi R, Armstead P, Coccaro E. The neurobiology of impulsive aggression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20:395-403
5. Bland R, Orn H. Family violence and psychiatric disorder. Can J Psychiatry 1986;31:129-137
6. Special Hospitals' Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia Research Group. Schizophrenia, violence, clozapine and risperidone: a review. Br J Psychiatry 1996;169(suppl 31):21-30
7. Torrey EF. Violent behavior by individuals with serious mental illness. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1994;45:653-662
8. Hastings JE, Hamberger LK. Sociodemographic predictors of violence. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20:323-335
9. Volavka J, Mohammad Y, Vitrai J, et al. Characteristics of state hospital patients arrested for offenses committed during hospitalization. Psychiatr Serv 1995;46:796-800
10. Millstein KH, Cotton NS. Predictors of the use of seclusion on an inpatient child psychiatric unit. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;29: 256-264
11. McNiel DE, Binder RL, Greenfield TK. Predictors of violence in civilly committed acute psychiatric patients. Am J Psychiatry 1988;145:965-970
12. Swanson JW, Holzer CE III, Ganju VK, et al. Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1990;41:761-770
13. Sandyk R. Aggressive behavior in schizophrenia: relationship to age of onset and cortical atrophy. Neuroscience 1993;68:1-10
14. Asnis GM, Kaplan ML, Hundorfean G, et al. Violence and homicidal behaviors in psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20: 405-425
15. Apter A, Gothelf D, Orbach I, et al. Correlation of suicidal and violent behavior in different diagnostic categories in hospitalized adolescent patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34:912-918
16. Glancy GD, Regehr C. The forensic psychiatric aspects of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1992;15:575-589
17. McNiel DE, Binder RL. The relationship between acute psychiatric symptoms, diagnosis, and short-term risk of violence. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1994;45:133-137
18. Blomhoff S, Seim S, Friis S. Can prediction of violence among psychiatric inpatients be improved? Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1990;41: 771-775
19. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DA, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. JAMA 1990;264:2511-2518
20. Krakowski M, Convit A, Volavka J. Patterns of inpatient assaultiveness: effect of neurological impairment and deviant family environment on response to treatment. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1988; 1:21-29
21. Kosten TR, Ziedonis DM. Substance abuse and schizophrenia: editors' introduction. Schizophr Bull 1997;23:181-186
22. Linnoila M, Virkkunen M, Scheinin M, et al. Low cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration differentiates impulsive from nonimpulsive violent behavior. Life Sci 1983;33:2609-2614
23. Virkkunen M, Nuutila A, Goodwin FK, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite levels in male arsonists. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44: 241-247
24. Nielsen DA, Goldman D, Virkkunen M, et al. Suicidality and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration associated with a tryptophan hydroxylase polymorphism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:34-38
25. Blackburn JR, Pfaus JG, Phillips AG. Dopamine functions in appetitive and defensive behaviors. Prog Neurobiol 1992;39:247-279
26. Mann JJ, Stanley M, McBride PA, et al. Increased serotonin, and beta-adrenergic receptor binding in frontal cortices of suicide victims. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:954-959
27. Träskman-Bendz L, Ailing C, Oreland I, et al. Prediction of suicidal behavior from biologic tests. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1992;12:21S-26S
28. Strous RD, Bark N, Parsia SS, et al. Analysis of a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism in schizophrenia: evidence for association with aggressive and antisocial behavior. Psychiatry Res 1997;69:71-77
29. Heath RG. Correlation of brain activity with emotion: a basis for developing treatment of violent-aggressive behavior. J Am Acad Psychoanal 1992;20:335-346
30. Buckman MT, Kellner R. Reduction of distress in hyperprolactinemia with bromocriptine. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:242-244
31. Fava M, Fava GA, Kellner R, et al. Depression and hostility in hyperprolactinemia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1982;6:479-482
32. Gerada C, Reveley A. Schizophreniform psychosis associated with the menstrual cycle. Br J Psychiatry 1988;152:700-702
33. Dennerstein L, Judd F, Davies B. Psychosis and the menstrual cycle. Med J Aust 1983;1:524-526
34. Rinieris P, Hatzimanolis J, Markianos M, et al. Effects of treatment with various doses of haloperidol on the pituitary-gonadal axis in male schizophrenic patients. Neuropsychobiology 1989;22:146-149
35. Rinieris P, Hatzimanolis J, Markianos M, et al. Effects of 4 weeks' treatment with clorpromazine and/or trihexyphenidyl on the pituitary-gonadal axis in the male paranoid schizophrenics. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 1988;237:189-193
36. Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ. Androgens, brain, and behavior. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:974-984
37. Meltzer HY, Goode DJ, Schyve PM, et al. Effect of clozapine on human serum prolactin levels. Am J Psychiatry 1979;136:1550-1555
38. American Psychiatric Association. Practical Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154(4, suppl):1-62
39. Fava M. Psychopharmacologic treatment of pathologic aggression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20:427-451
40. Volavka J, Krakowski M. Schizophrenia and violence. Psychol Med 1989;19:559-562
41. Hammill K, McEvoy JP, Koral H, et al. Hospitalized schizophrenic patient views about seclusion. J Clin Psychiatry 1989;50:174-177
42. Cheung P, Schweitzer I, Crowley K, et al. Aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia: the role of psychopathology. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1997;31:62-67
43. Sánchez C, Arnt J, Hyttel J, et al. The role of serotonergic mechanisms in inhibition of isolation-induced aggression in male mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1993;110:53-59
44. Eichelman BS. Neurochemical and psychopharmacologic aspects of aggressive behavior. Annu Rev Med 1990;41:149-158
45. Pabis DJ, Stanislav SW. Pharmacotherapy of aggressive behavior. Ann Pharmacother 1996;30:278-287
46. Herrera JN, Sramek JJ, Costa JF, et al. High potency neuroleptics and violence in schizophrenics. J Nerv Ment Dis 1988;176:558-561
47. Voruganti LNP, Heslegrave RJ, Awad GA. Neuroleptic dysphoria may be the missing link between schizophrenia and substance abuse. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997;185:463-465
48. Casey DE. The relationship of pharmacology to side effects. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58(suppl 10):55-62
49. Buckley PF, Ibrahim ZY, Singer B, et al. Aggression and schizophrenia: efficacy of risperidone. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1997;25:173-181
50. Garmendia L, Sánchez JR, Azpiroz A, et al. Clozapine: strong antiaggressive effects with minimal motor impairment. Physiol Behav 1991; 51:51-54
51. Buckley P, Bartell J, Donenwirth K, et al. Violence and schizophrenia: clozapine as a specific antiaggressive agent. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1995;23:607-611
52. Spivak B, Mester R, Wittenberg N, et al. Reduction of aggressiveness and impulsiveness during clozapine treatment in chronic neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenic patients. Clin Neuropharmacol 1997;20:442-446
53. Rabinowitz J, Avnon M, Rosenberg V. Effect of clozapine on physical and verbal aggression. Schizophr Res 1996;22:249-255
54. Ratey JJ, Leveroni C, Kilmer D, et al. The effects of clozapine on severely aggressive psychiatric inpatients in a state hospital. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54:219-223
55. Volavka J, Zito JM, Vitrai J, et al. Clozapine effects on hostility and aggression in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:287-289
56. Mallya AR, Roos PD, Roebuck-Colgan K. Restraint, seclusion, and clozapine. J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53:395-397
57. Maier GJ. The impact of clozapine on 25 forensic patients. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1992;20:297-307
58. Menditto AA, Beck NC, Stuve P, et al. Effectiveness of clozapine and a social learning program for severely disabled psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr Serv 1996;47:46-51
59. Ebrahim GM, Gibler B, Gacono CB, et al. Patient response to clozapine in a forensic psychiatric hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1994; 45:271-273
60. Wilson WH. Clinical review of clozapine treatment in a state hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1992;43:700-703
61. Chiles JA, Davidson P, McBride D. Effects of clozapine on use of seclusion and restraint at a state hospital. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1994;45:269-271
62. Hunter M, Carmel H. The cost of staff injuries from inpatient violence. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1992;43:586-588
63. Carmel H, Hunter M. Staff injuries from patient attack: five years' data. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1993;21:485-493
64. Clancy TV, Misick LN, Covington D, et al. The financial impact of intentional violence on community hospitals. J Trauma 994;37:1-4
65. Greenfield TK, McNiel DE, Binder RL. Violent behavior and length of psychiatric hospitalization. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1989;40: 809-814
66. Phillips P, Nasr SJ. Seclusion and restraint and prediction of violence. Am J Psychiatry 1983;140:229-232
67. Reid WH, Mason M, Toprac M. Savings in hospital bed-days related to treatment with clozapine. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1994;45: 261-264
68. Resnick PJ, Scott CL. Legal issues in treating perpetrators and victims of violence. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1997;20:473-487
69. Tarasoff v Regents of the University of California, 17 Cal 3d425, 134 CalRptr 14, 551 P2d 334 (1976)