메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 3-10

Differential diagnosis and therapeutic options for ambiguous genitalia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; FEMALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM; HUMAN; KARYOTYPE; MALE; MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; REVIEW; SEX DETERMINATION; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM;

EID: 0031948950     PISSN: 10683097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00060793-199802000-00002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (70)
  • 4
    • 0029739809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SOX genes: Architects of development
    • Prior HM, Walter MA: SOX genes: architects of development. Mol Med 1996, 2:405-412.
    • (1996) Mol Med , vol.2 , pp. 405-412
    • Prior, H.M.1    Walter, M.A.2
  • 5
    • 0031015642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersex disorders: Shedding light on male sexual differentiation beyond SRY
    • MacLean HE, Wame GL, Zajac JD: Intersex disorders: shedding light •• on male sexual differentiation beyond SRY. Clin Endocrinol 1997, 46:101-108. Reviews genes involved in testicular differentiation.
    • (1997) Clin Endocrinol , vol.46 , pp. 101-108
    • MacLean, H.E.1    Wame, G.L.2    Zajac, J.D.3
  • 11
    • 0025243412 scopus 로고
    • Expression of a candidate sex-determining gene during mouse testis differentiation
    • Koopman P, Munsterberg A, Capel B, Vivian N, Lovell-Badge R: Expression of a candidate sex-determining gene during mouse testis differentiation. Nature 1990, 348:450-452.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.348 , pp. 450-452
    • Koopman, P.1    Munsterberg, A.2    Capel, B.3    Vivian, N.4    Lovell-Badge, R.5
  • 12
    • 0028308118 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor I regulates the Mullerlan inhibiting substance gene: A link to the sex determination cascade
    • Shen WH, Moore CC, Ikeda Y, Parker KL, Ingraham HA: Nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor I regulates the Mullerlan inhibiting substance gene: a link to the sex determination cascade. Cell 1994, 77:651-661.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 651-661
    • Shen, W.H.1    Moore, C.C.2    Ikeda, Y.3    Parker, K.L.4    Ingraham, H.A.5
  • 13
    • 0029658831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of the Mullerlan-inhibiting substance signal transduction pathway in mammalian sexual differentiation
    • Mishina Y, Rey R, Finegold MJ, Matzuk MM, Josso N, Cate RL, Behringer •• RR: Genetic analysis of the Mullerlan-inhibiting substance signal transduction pathway in mammalian sexual differentiation. Genes Dev 1996, 10:2577-2587. Reports on the phenotype of MIS ligand/MIS receptor mutant mouse, on the phenotype of mouse overexpressing MIS, and on MIS signaling pathway.
    • (1996) Genes Dev , vol.10 , pp. 2577-2587
    • Mishina, Y.1    Rey, R.2    Finegold, M.J.3    Matzuk, M.M.4    Josso, N.5    Cate, R.L.6    Behringer, R.R.7
  • 15
    • 0027535887 scopus 로고
    • Normal ovaries in neonates and infants: A sonographic study of 77 patients 1 day to 24 months old
    • Cohen HL, Shapiro MA, Mandel FS, Shapiro ML: Normal ovaries in neonates and infants: a sonographic study of 77 patients 1 day to 24 months old. Am J Roentgenol 1993, 160:583-586.
    • (1993) Am J Roentgenol , vol.160 , pp. 583-586
    • Cohen, H.L.1    Shapiro, M.A.2    Mandel, F.S.3    Shapiro, M.L.4
  • 17
  • 19
    • 0029087543 scopus 로고
    • Assay of plasma testosterone during the first six months of life: Importance of chromatographic purification of steroids
    • Fuqua JS, Sher ES, Migeon CJ, Berkovitz GD: Assay of plasma testosterone during the first six months of life: importance of chromatographic purification of steroids. Clin Chem 1995, 41:1146-1149.
    • (1995) Clin Chem , vol.41 , pp. 1146-1149
    • Fuqua, J.S.1    Sher, E.S.2    Migeon, C.J.3    Berkovitz, G.D.4
  • 20
    • 0023772776 scopus 로고
    • Nonspecificity of a direct 17α-hydroxyprogesterone radioimmunoassay kit when used with samples from neonates
    • Makela SK, Ellis G: Nonspecificity of a direct 17α-hydroxyprogesterone radioimmunoassay kit when used with samples from neonates. Clin Chem 1988, 34:2070-2075.
    • (1988) Clin Chem , vol.34 , pp. 2070-2075
    • Makela, S.K.1    Ellis, G.2
  • 21
    • 0031032529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical indications for the use of urinary steroid profiles in neonates and children
    • Honour JW, Brook CGD: Clinical indications for the use of urinary steroid profiles in neonates and children. Ann Clin Biochem 1997, 34:45-54.
    • (1997) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.34 , pp. 45-54
    • Honour, J.W.1    Brook, C.G.D.2
  • 22
    • 0018745607 scopus 로고
    • Pattern of the response of testosterone and its precursors to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in relation to age in infants and children
    • Forest M: Pattern of the response of testosterone and its precursors to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in relation to age in infants and children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979, 49:132-137.
    • (1979) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.49 , pp. 132-137
    • Forest, M.1
  • 23
    • 0024320594 scopus 로고
    • Sex hormone-binding globulin response to the anabolic steroid stanozolol: Evidence for its suitability as a biological androgen sensitivity test
    • Sinnecker G, Kohler S: Sex hormone-binding globulin response to the anabolic steroid stanozolol: evidence for its suitability as a biological androgen sensitivity test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989, 68:1195-1200.
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 1195-1200
    • Sinnecker, G.1    Kohler, S.2
  • 25
    • 0030611549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of serum mullerlan inhibiting substance in the evaluation of children with nonpalpable gonads
    • Lee MM, Donahoe PK, Silverman BL, Hasegawa T, Hasegawa Y, •• Gustafson ML, Chang Y, MacLaughlin DT: Measurement of serum mullerlan inhibiting substance in the evaluation of children with nonpalpable gonads. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:1480-1486. This study examines the use of MIS concentrations in evaluations of children with anorchia or intersexual disorders, and proposes a diagnostic scheme based on MIS values.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1480-1486
    • Lee, M.M.1    Donahoe, P.K.2    Silverman, B.L.3    Hasegawa, T.4    Hasegawa, Y.5    Gustafson, M.L.6    Chang, Y.7    MacLaughlin, D.T.8
  • 26
    • 0030611548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum mullerian inhibiting substance assay-a new diagnostic test for disorders of gonadal development
    • Forest MG: Serum mullerian inhibiting substance assay-a new diagnostic test for disorders of gonadal development. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:1519-1521.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1519-1521
    • Forest, M.G.1
  • 27
    • 0028167769 scopus 로고
    • Disorders of 11β-hydroxylase isoenzymes
    • White PC, Curnow KM, Pascoe L: Disorders of 11β-hydroxylase isoenzymes. Endocr Rev 1994, 15:421-438.
    • (1994) Endocr Rev , vol.15 , pp. 421-438
    • White, P.C.1    Curnow, K.M.2    Pascoe, L.3
  • 29
    • 0031044525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biochemical spectrum of patients with RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and abnormal cholesterol metabolism
    • Cunniff C, Kratz LE, Moser A, Natowicz MR, Kelley RI: Clinical and • biochemical spectrum of patients with RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and abnormal cholesterol metabolism. Am J Med Genet 1997, 68:263-269. This study describes the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 80 patients with Smith-Lemli-Opritz syndrome and elevated levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol.
    • (1997) Am J Med Genet , vol.68 , pp. 263-269
    • Cunniff, C.1    Kratz, L.E.2    Moser, A.3    Natowicz, M.R.4    Kelley, R.I.5
  • 31
    • 0031051150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: Results of a multicenter trial
    • Irons M, Elias ER, Abuelo D, Bull MJ, Greene CL, Johnson VP, Keppel L, • Schanen C, Tint GS, Salen G: Treatment of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: results of a multicenter trial. Am J Med Genet 1997, 68:311-314. This study reports improvement on growth and neurodevelopmental status in 11 patients with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome treated with cholesterol and one or more bile acids.
    • Am J Med Genet 1997 , vol.68 , pp. 311-314
    • Irons, M.1    Elias, E.R.2    Abuelo, D.3    Bull, M.J.4    Greene, C.L.5    Johnson, V.P.6    Keppel, L.7    Schanen, C.8    Tint, G.S.9    Salen, G.10
  • 35
    • 0027522552 scopus 로고
    • Male pseudohermaphroditism caused by nonsalt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) deficiency
    • Heinrich UE, Bettendorf M, Vecset P: Male pseudohermaphroditism caused by nonsalt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) deficiency. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1993, 45:83-85.
    • (1993) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.45 , pp. 83-85
    • Heinrich, U.E.1    Bettendorf, M.2    Vecset, P.3
  • 37
    • 0026893712 scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to point mutations in the type II 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene
    • Rheaume E, Simard J, Morel Y, Mebarki F, Zachmann M, Forest MG, New MI, Labrie F: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to point mutations in the type II 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene. Nat Genet 1992, 1:239-245.
    • (1992) Nat Genet , vol.1 , pp. 239-245
    • Rheaume, E.1    Simard, J.2    Morel, Y.3    Mebarki, F.4    Zachmann, M.5    Forest, M.G.6    New, M.I.7    Labrie, F.8
  • 38
    • 0026081588 scopus 로고
    • 17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency: From clinical investigation to molecular definition
    • Yanase T, Simpson ER, Waterman MR: 17α-Hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency: from clinical investigation to molecular definition. Endocr Rev 1991, 12:91-108.
    • (1991) Endocr Rev , vol.12 , pp. 91-108
    • Yanase, T.1    Simpson, E.R.2    Waterman, M.R.3
  • 39
    • 0026531802 scopus 로고
    • Compound heterozygous mutation (Arg 239→Stop, Pro 342→Thr) in the CYP17 (P45017μ) gene led to ambiguous external genitalia in a male patient with partial combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency
    • Ahlgren R, Yanase T, Simpson ER, Winter JSD, Waterman MR: Compound heterozygous mutation (Arg 239→Stop, Pro 342→Thr) in the CYP17 (P45017μ) gene led to ambiguous external genitalia in a male patient with partial combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992, 74:667-672.
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.74 , pp. 667-672
    • Ahlgren, R.1    Yanase, T.2    Simpson, E.R.3    Winter, J.S.D.4    Waterman, M.R.5
  • 40
    • 0029848913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the cytochrome P-45017 α gene (CYP17) in a Japanese patient previously reported as having glucocorticoid-responsive hyperaldosteronism: With a review of Japanese patients with mutations of CYP17
    • Miura K, Yasuda K, Yanase T, Yamakita N, Sasano H, Nawata H, Inoue M, Fukaya T, Shizuta Y: Mutation of the cytochrome P-45017 α gene (CYP17) in a Japanese patient previously reported as having glucocorticoid-responsive hyperaldosteronism: with a review of Japanese patients with mutations of CYP17. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996, 81:3797-3801.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3797-3801
    • Miura, K.1    Yasuda, K.2    Yanase, T.3    Yamakita, N.4    Sasano, H.5    Nawata, H.6    Inoue, M.7    Fukaya, T.8    Shizuta, Y.9
  • 41
    • 0029855881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology and genetics of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia
    • Bose HS, Sugawara T, Strauss JF, Miller WL: The pathophysiology and •• genetics of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. N Engl J Med 1996, 335:1870-1878. This report demonstrates that lipoid CAH is due to mutations in StAR and proposes a two-hit model of the pathogenesis of lipoid CAH: an initial loss of steroidogenesis due to loss of StAR activity, and a subsequent loss of steroidogenesis, independent of StAR, due to cellular damage from accumulated cholesterol esters.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1870-1878
    • Bose, H.S.1    Sugawara, T.2    Strauss, J.F.3    Miller, W.L.4
  • 42
    • 0030955987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous feminization in a 46XX female patient with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia due to a homozygous frameshift mutation in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
    • Bose HS, Peskovitz OH, Miller WL: Spontaneous feminization in a • 46XX female patient with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia due to a homozygous frameshift mutation in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 82:1511-1515. This case confirms the two-hit model of the pathogenesis of lipoid CAH proposed in the previous reference.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 1511-1515
    • Bose, H.S.1    Peskovitz, O.H.2    Miller, W.L.3
  • 43
    • 0030743449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel splicing junction mutation in the gene for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein causes congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia
    • Okuyama E, Nishi N, Onishi S, Itoh S, Ishii Y, Miyanaka H, Fujita K, Ichikawa Y: A novel splicing junction mutation in the gene for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein causes congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997, 82:2337-2342.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 2337-2342
    • Okuyama, E.1    Nishi, N.2    Onishi, S.3    Itoh, S.4    Ishii, Y.5    Miyanaka, H.6    Fujita, K.7    Ichikawa, Y.8
  • 44
    • 0026744928 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of androgen production in male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
    • Rosler A, Belanger A, Labrie F: Mechanism of androgen production in male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992, 75:773-778.
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.75 , pp. 773-778
    • Rosler, A.1    Belanger, A.2    Labrie, F.3
  • 45
    • 0027196042 scopus 로고
    • Male hypogonadism with gynecomastia caused by late-onset deficiency of testicular 17-ketosteroid reductase
    • Castro-Magana M, Angulo M, Uy J: Male hypogonadism with gynecomastia caused by late-onset deficiency of testicular 17-ketosteroid reductase. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:1297-1301.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1297-1301
    • Castro-Magana, M.1    Angulo, M.2    Uy, J.3
  • 48
    • 0029886425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency: Virilization in early infancy may be due to partial function of mutant enzyme
    • Forti G, Falchetti A, Santoro S, Davis DL, Wilson JD, Russell DW: Steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency: virilization in early infancy may be due to partial function of mutant enzyme. Clin Endocrinol 1996, 44:477-482.
    • (1996) Clin Endocrinol , vol.44 , pp. 477-482
    • Forti, G.1    Falchetti, A.2    Santoro, S.3    Davis, D.L.4    Wilson, J.D.5    Russell, D.W.6
  • 52
    • 0029939558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetic analysis and human chorlonic gonadotropin stimulation tests in the diagnosis of prepubertal patients with partial 5α-reductase deficiency
    • Hiort O, Willenbring H, Albers N, Hecker W, Engert J, Dibbelt L, Sinnecker • GHG: Molecular genetic analysis and human chorlonic gonadotropin stimulation tests in the diagnosis of prepubertal patients with partial 5α-reductase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr 1996, 155:445-451. This report provides correlations between molecular and hormonal findings in four prepubertal patients with 5α-reductase deficiency and demonstrates that prolonged stimulation with hCG leads to higher testosterone/dihydrotesterone ratios.
    • (1996) Eur J Pediatr , vol.155 , pp. 445-451
    • Hiort, O.1    Willenbring, H.2    Albers, N.3    Hecker, W.4    Engert, J.5    Dibbelt, L.6    Sinnecker, G.H.G.7
  • 54
    • 0026336259 scopus 로고
    • The androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminization): A clinicopathological study of 43 cases
    • Rutgers JL, Scully RE: The androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminization): a clinicopathological study of 43 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1991, 10:126-144.
    • (1991) Int J Gynecol Pathol , vol.10 , pp. 126-144
    • Rutgers, J.L.1    Scully, R.E.2
  • 55
    • 0026556088 scopus 로고
    • Male pseudohermaphroditism in XY children with female phenotype
    • Bale PM, Howard NJ, Wright JE: Male pseudohermaphroditism in XY children with female phenotype. Pediatr Pathol 1992, 12:29-49.
    • (1992) Pediatr Pathol , vol.12 , pp. 29-49
    • Bale, P.M.1    Howard, N.J.2    Wright, J.E.3
  • 56
    • 0024320594 scopus 로고
    • Sex hormone-binding globulin response to the anabolic steroid stanazol: Evidence of its suitability as a biological androgen sensitivity test
    • Sinnecker G, Kohler S: Sex hormone-binding globulin response to the anabolic steroid stanazol: evidence of its suitability as a biological androgen sensitivity test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989, 68:1195-1200.
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 1195-1200
    • Sinnecker, G.1    Kohler, S.2
  • 57
    • 0031023070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical selection of prepubertal patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome by sex hormone-binding globulin response to the human chorionic gonadotropin test
    • Bertelloni S, Federico G, Baroncelli GI, Cavallo L, Corsello G, Liotta A, • Rigon F, Saggese G: Biochemical selection of prepubertal patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome by sex hormone-binding globulin response to the human chorionic gonadotropin test. Pediatr Res 1997, 41:266-271. This study reports on the changes in serum SHBG levels after hCG stimulation in prepubertal subjects with AIS (n = 9), in subjects with other causes of male pseudohermaphroditism (n = 8), and in normal subjects (n = 12) and advocates the usefulness of the test in the diagnostic evaluation of AIS.
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.41 , pp. 266-271
    • Bertelloni, S.1    Federico, G.2    Baroncelli, G.I.3    Cavallo, L.4    Corsello, G.5    Liotta, A.6    Rigon, F.7    Saggese, G.8
  • 60
    • 0030476832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biochemical investigations and molecular analysis of subjects with mutations in the androgen receptor gene
    • Weidemann W, Linck B, Haupt H, Mentrup B, Romalo G, Stockklauser K, • Brinkmann AO, Schweikert HU, Spindrler KD: Clinical and biochemical investigations and molecular analysis of subjects with mutations in the androgen receptor gene. Clin Endocrinol 1996, 45:733-739. Examines the relationship between the degree of androgen resistance and the binding parameters of the androgen receptor and the nature of the mutation in the androgen receptor gene.
    • (1996) Clin Endocrinol , vol.45 , pp. 733-739
    • Weidemann, W.1    Linck, B.2    Haupt, H.3    Mentrup, B.4    Romalo, G.5    Stockklauser, K.6    Brinkmann, A.O.7    Schweikert, H.U.8    Spindrler, K.D.9
  • 61
    • 0030941860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of clinical, endocrine and molecular abnormalities with in vivo responses to high-dose testosterone in patients with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome
    • Tincello DG, Saunders PTK, Hodgins MB, Simpson NB, Edwards CRW, Hargreaves TB, Wu FCW: Correlation of clinical, endocrine and molecular abnormalities with in vivo responses to high-dose testosterone in patients with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1997, 46:497-506.
    • (1997) Clin Endocrinol , vol.46 , pp. 497-506
    • Tincello, D.G.1    Saunders, P.T.K.2    Hodgins, M.B.3    Simpson, N.B.4    Edwards, C.R.W.5    Hargreaves, T.B.6    Wu, F.C.W.7
  • 62
    • 0031284529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent mullerian duct syndrome with or without transverse testicular ectopia and testis tumours
    • Berkmen F: Persistent mullerian duct syndrome with or without transverse testicular ectopia and testis tumours. Br J Urol 1997, 79:122-126.
    • (1997) Br J Urol , vol.79 , pp. 122-126
    • Berkmen, F.1
  • 65
    • 0029795514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic controversies. The use of adrenalectomy as a treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Van Wyk J, Gunther DF, Ritzen M, Wedell A, Cutler GB, Migeon CJ, New •• MI: Therapeutic controversies. The use of adrenalectomy as a treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996, 81:3180-3190. This paper considers the risks and benefits of conventional medical treatment of CAH and other alternative proposed treatment modalities, such as surgical or "medical" adrenalectomy.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3180-3190
    • Van Wyk, J.1    Gunther, D.F.2    Ritzen, M.3    Wedell, A.4    Cutler, G.B.5    Migeon, C.J.6    New, M.I.7
  • 66
    • 0031060550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anterior sagittal transanorectal approach: A modified approach to 1-stage clitoral vaginoplasty in severely masculinized female pseudohermaphrodites-preliminary results
    • Di Benedetlo V, Gioviale M, Bagnara V, Cacciaguerra S, Di Benedetto A: The anterior sagittal transanorectal approach: a modified approach to 1-stage clitoral vaginoplasty in severely masculinized female pseudohermaphrodites-preliminary results. J Urol 1997, 157:330-332.
    • (1997) J Urol , vol.157 , pp. 330-332
    • Di Benedetlo, V.1    Gioviale, M.2    Bagnara, V.3    Cacciaguerra, S.4    Di Benedetto, A.5
  • 67
    • 0031025174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of ambiguous genitalia in pseudohermaphrodites: New perspectives on vaginal dilation
    • Costa EMF, Mendonca BB, Inacio M, Arnhold IJP, Silva FAQ, Lodovici O: • Management of ambiguous genitalia in pseudohermaphrodites: new perspectives on vaginal dilation. Fertil Steril 1997, 67:229-232. This paper evaluates the vaginal size and sexual activity after different techniques of feminization in patients with pseudohermaphroditism.
    • (1997) Fertil Steril , vol.67 , pp. 229-232
    • Costa, E.M.F.1    Mendonca, B.B.2    Inacio, M.3    Arnhold, I.J.P.4    Silva, F.A.Q.5    Lodovici, O.6
  • 69
    • 0031550935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternity by intrauterine insemination with sperm from a man with 5α-reductase-2 deficiency
    • Katz MD, Kligman I, Cai L-Q, Zhu Y-S, Fratianni CM, Zervoudakis I, • Rosenwaks Z, Imperato-McGinley J: Paternity by intrauterine insemination with sperm from a man with 5α-reductase-2 deficiency. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:994-997. This is a case of paternity by intrauterine insemination in a man with 5α-reductase-2 deficiency.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 994-997
    • Katz, M.D.1    Kligman, I.2    Cai, L.-Q.3    Zhu, Y.-S.4    Fratianni, C.M.5    Zervoudakis, I.6    Rosenwaks, Z.7    Imperato-McGinley, J.8
  • 70
    • 0029876936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of elective surgery on the genitalia of male children with particular reference to the risks, benefits, and psychological effects of surgery and anesthesia
    • American Academy of Pediatrics, Action Committee for Determining Timing of Elective Surgery on the Genitalia of Male Children: Timing of elective surgery on the genitalia of male children with particular reference to the risks, benefits, and psychological effects of surgery and anesthesia. Pediatrics 1996, 97:590-593.
    • (1996) Pediatrics , vol.97 , pp. 590-593


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.