Ultrastructural differentiation of the genogroups in the genus Ehrlichia

Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 235-251

  Popov, V L ^a   Han, Violet C ^a   Chen, S M ^a   Dumler, J S ^b   Feng, H M ^a   Andreadis, T G ^c   Tesh, R B ^a   Walker, D H ^a  

^a University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine   (United States)

^b DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

^c Connecticut Agric Exp Station ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANAPLASMATACEAE; ARTICLE; CELL MEMBRANE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EHRLICHIA; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; FIBER; MITOCHONDRION; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

EID: 0031935981     PISSN: 00222615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/00222615-47-3-235     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Smith RD, Sells DM, Stephenson EH, Ristic MR, Huxsoll DL. Development of Ehrlichia canis, causative agent of canine ehaffeensis. in the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its differentiation from a symbiotic ricketlsia. Am J Vet Res 1976; 37: 119-126.
2. Anderson BE, Sims KG, Olson JG et al. Amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of human ehaffeensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993; 49: 239-244.
3. Magnarelli LA, Stafford KC, Mather TN, Yeh M-T, Horn KD, Dumler JS. Hemocytic rickettsia-like organisms in ticks: serologic reactivity with antisera to ehrlichiae and detection of DNA of agent of human granulocytic ehaffeensis by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 2710-2714.
4. Pancholi P, Kolbert CP, Mitchell PD et al. lxodes dammini as a potential vector of human granulocytie ehaffeensis. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 1007-1012.
5. Kelly DJ, Lee M, Lewis GE. A light and electron microscopic examination of Ehrlichia sennetsu in cultured human endothelial cells. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1985: 38: 155-168.
6. Maeda K, Markowitz N, Hawley RC, Ristic M, Cox D, McDade JE. Human infection with Ehrlichia canis, a leukocytic rickettsia. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 853-856.
7. Anderson BE, Dawson JE, Jones DC, Wilson KH. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a new species associated with human ehaffeensis. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2838-2842.
8. Chen S-M, Dumler JS, Bakken JS, Walker DH. Identification of a granulocytotropic Ehrlichia species as the etiologic agent of human disease. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 589-595.
9. Walker DH, Dumler JS. Emergence of the ehrlichioses as human health problems. Emery Infect Dis 1996; 2: 18-29.
10. Kawahara M, Suto C, Rikihisa Y, Yamamoto S, Tsuboi Y. Characterization of ehrlichial organisms isolated from a wild mouse. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 89-96.
11. Wen B, Rikihisa Y, Mott Y, Fuerst PA, Kawahara M, Suto C. Ehrlichia muris sp. nov., identified on the basis of 16S rRNA base sequences and serological, morphological, and biological characteristics. Im J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45: 250-254.
12. Hart A, Kocan KM. Bezuidenhout JD, Prozesky L. Ultrastructural morphology of Cowdria raminantium in midgut epithelial cells of adult Amblyomma hebraeum female ticks. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1991: 58: 187-193.
13. Jongejan F, Zandbergen TA, van de Wiel PA, de Groot M, Uilenberg G. The tick-borne rickettsia Cowdria ruminantium has a Chlamydia-like developmental cycle. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1991; 58: 227-237.
14. Kocan KM, Bezuidenhout JD. Morphology and development of Cowdria ruminantium in Amblyomma ticks. Onderslepoort J Vet Res 1987; 54: 177-182.
15. Kocan KM, Bezuidenhout JD, Hart A. Ultrastructural features of Cowdria ruminatium in midgut epithelial cells and salivary glands of nymphal Amblyomma hebraeum. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1987; 54: 87-92.
16. Kocan KM, Morzatia SP, Voigt WP, Kiarie J, Irvin AD. Demonstration of colonies of Cowdria ruminantium in midgut epithelial cells of Amblyomma variegatum. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48: 356-360.
17. Dumler JS, Asanovich KM, Bakken JS, Richter P, Kimsey R. Madigan JE. Serologic cross-reactions among Ehrlichia equi. Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and human granulocytic ehrlichia. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1098-1103.
18. Harvey JW, Simpson CF, Gaskin JM. Cyclic thrombocytopenia induced by a Rickettsia-like agent in dogs. J Infect Dis 1978; 137: 182-188.
19. Kocan KM, Stich RW, Claypool PL, Ewing SA, Hair JA, Barron SJ. Intermediate site of development of Anaplasma marginale in feeding adult Dermacentor andersoni ticks that were infected as nymphs. Am J Vet Res 1990; 51: 128-132.
20. Kocan KM, Stiller D. Development of Anaplasma ovis (Ricketisiales: Anaplasmataceae) in male Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixdidae) transferred from infected to susceptible sheep. J Med Entomol 1992; 29: 98-107.
21. Kocan KM, Stiller D, Goff WL et al. Development of Anaplasma marginale in male Dermacentor andersoni transferred from parasitemic to susceptible cattle. Am J Vet Res 1992; 53: 499-507.
22. Chaichanasiriwithaya W, Rikihisa Y, Yamamoto S et al. Antigeric, morphologic, and molecular characterization of new Ehrlichia risticii isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1994: 38: 3026-3033.
23. Rikihisa Y. Cross-reacting antigens between Neorickettsia heliminthoeca and Ehrlichia species, shown by immunofluorescenee and western immunoblotting. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2024-2029.
24. Rikihisa Y, Stills H. Zimmerman G Isolation and continuous culture of Neorickettsia helminthoeca in a macrophage cell line. J Clin Microbiol 1991: 29: 1928-1933.
25. Wen B Rikihisa Y, Yamamoto S, Kawabata N, Fuerst PA. Characterisation of the SF agent, an Ehrlichia sp. isolated from the fluke Stellantchasmus falcatus, by 16S rRNA base sequence, serological. and morphological analyses, Int J Syst Bacteriol 1996; 46: 149-154.
26. Brouqui P, Birg ML, Raoult D. Cytopathic effect, plaque orfmation, and lysis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis grown on continuous cell lines. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 405-411.
27. Chen S-M, Popov VL, Feng H-M, Wen J. Walker DH. Cultivation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis in mouse embryo, Vero, BGM. and L929 cells and study of Ehrlichia-induced cytopathic effect and plaque formation. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 647-655.
28. Goodman JL, Nelson C, Vitale B et al. Direct cultivation of the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 209-215.
29. Munder oh UG, Madigan JE, Dumler JS et al. Isolation of the equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent, Ehrlichia equi, in tick cell culture. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 664-670.
30. Rikihisa Y, Perry BD. Causative ehrlichial organisms in Potomac horse fever. Infect Immun 1985; 49: 513-517.
31. 1 cells: abrogation of inhibition with oxytetracycline. Infect Immun 1988; 56: 3209-3215.
32. Rikihisa Y. The tribe Ehrlichieae and ehrlichial diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 1991; 4: 286-308.
33. Dawson JE, Rikihisa Y, Ewing SA, Fishbein DB. Serologic diagnosis of human ehrlichiosis using two Ehrlichia canis isolates. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 564-567.
34. Dawson JE, Anderson BE, Fishbein DB et al. Isolation and characterization of an Ehrlichia sp. from a patient diagnosed with human ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2741-2745.
35. 1 cells infected with Ehrlichia risticii. Infect Immun 1992; 60; 3079-3086.
36. Iqbal Z, Rikihisa Y. Reisolation of Ehrlichia canis from blood and tissues of dogs after doxycycline treatment. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 1644-1649.
37. Popov VL, Chen S-M, Feng H-M, Walker DH. Ultrastructural variation of cultured Ehrlichia chaffeensis. J Med Microbiol 1995; 43: 411-421.
38. Dumler JS, Chen S-M, Asanovich K, Trigiani E, Popov VL, Walker DH. Isolation of characterization of a new strain of Ehrlichia chaffeensis from a patient with nearly fatal monocytic ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1704-1711.
39. Rikihisa Y, Zhi N, Wormser GP, Wen B, Horowitz HW, Hechemy KE. Ultrastructural and antigenic characterization of a granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent directly isolated and stably cultivated from a patient in New York state. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 210-213.
40. Chen S-M, Yu X-J, Popov VL, Westerman EL, Hamilton FG, Walker DH. Genetic and antigenic diversity of Ehrlichia chaffeensis: comparative analysis of a novel human strain from Oklahoma and previously isolated strains. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 856-863.
41. O'Neill SL, Pettigrew MM, Sinkins SP, Braig HR, Andreadis TG, Tesh RB. In vitro cultivation of Wolbachia pipientis in an Aedes albopictus cell line. Insect Mol Biol 1997; 6: 33-39.
42. Madigan JE, Richter PJ, Kimsey RB, Barlough JE, Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Transmission and passage in horses of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 1141-1144.
43. Ito S, Rikihisa Y. Techniques for electron microscopy of rickettsiae. In: Burgdorfer W, Anacker RL (eds) Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases. New York, Academic Press. 1981: 213-227.
44. Perez M, Rikihisa Y, Wen B. Ehrlichia canis-like agent isolated from a man in Venezuela: antigenic and genetic characterization. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 2133-2139.
45. Rikihisa Y, Logan LL. Unusual peptidoglycan-like substance in Cowdria ruminantium in the endothelial cells of the choroid plexus of the goat. Proceedings of the XIth International Congress on Electron Microscopy 1986; 3345-3346.
46. Rikihisa Y, Perry BD, Cordes DO. Ultrastructural study of ehrlichial organisms in the large colons of ponies infected with Potomac horse fever. Infect Immun 1985; 49: 505-512.
47. Kocan KM, Hair JA, Ewing SA. Ultrastructure of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Am J Vet Res 1980; 41: 1966-1976.
48. Kocan KM, Ewing SA, Holbert D, Hair JA. Morphologic-characteristics of colonies of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in midgut epithelial cells of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43: 586-593.
49. Potgieter FT, Kocan KM, McNew RW, Ewing SA. Demonstration of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in the midgut of Rhipicephalus simus. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44: 2256-2261.
50. Kocan KM, Yellin TN, Ewing SA, Hair JA. Barron SJ. Morphology of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in nymphal Dermacentor andersoni. Am J Vet Res 1984: 45: 1434-1440.
51. Avakyan AA, Popov VL. Rickettsiaceae and Chlamydiaceae: comparative electron microscopic studies. Actaa Virol 1984; 28: 159-173.
52. Domingue GJ, Woody HB. Bacterial persistence and expression of disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10: 320-344.
53. Rikihisa Y, Zhang Y, Park J. Inhibition of infection of macrophages with Ehrlichia risticii by cytochalasins, monodansylcadaverine, and taxol. Infect Immun 1994: 62: 5126-5132.
54. Hildebrandt PK, Conroy JD, McKee AE, Nyindo MBA, Huxsoll DL. Ultrastructure of Ehrlichia canis. Infect Immun 1973; 7: 265-271.
55. Tuomi J, von Bonsdorff C-H. Electron microscopy of tickborne fever agent in bovine and ovine phagocytizing leukocytes. J Bacterial 1996; 92: 1478-1492.
56. Sells DM, Hildebrandt PK, Lewis GE, Nyindo MBA, Ristic M. Ultrastructural observations on Ehrlichia equi organisms in equine granulocytes. Infect Immun 1976; 13: 273-280.
57. Taraska T, Ward DM, Ajioka RS et al. The late chlamydial inclusion membrane is not derived from the endocytic pathway and is relatively deficient in host proteins. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 3713-3727.