Potential contribution of maternal zinc supplementation during pregnancy to maternal and child survival

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 68, Issue 2 SUPPL., 1998, Pages

  Caulfield, Laura E ^a   Zavaleta, Nelly ^b   Shankar, Anuraj H ^b   Merialdi, Mario ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Child health; Development; Immunology; Maternal zinc deficiency; Parturition; Pregnancy; Supplementation; Survival

Indexed keywords

ZINC;

ADULT; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FEMALE; FETUS; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; FETUS GROWTH; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATERNAL CARE; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; PRENATAL CARE; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ZINC DEFICIENCY;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0031927483     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.499S     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (116)

1. United Nations Children's Fund. The state of the world's children, 1995. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
2. Koblinsky MA. Beyond maternal mortality - magnitude, interrelationship, and consequences of women's health, pregnancy-related complications and nutritional status on pregnancy outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1995;48:S21-32.
3. Sandstead HH. Zinc deficiency: a public health problem? Am J Dis Child 1991;145:853-9.
4. Solomons NW. Biological availability of zinc in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35:1048-75.
5. Aggett PJ. The assessment of zinc status: a personal view. Workshop on assessment of zinc status. Proc Nutr Soc 1991;50:9-17.
6. Tamura T, Goldenberg RL. Zinc nutriture and pregnancy outcome. Nutr Res 1996;16:139-81.
7. Fitzgerald SL, Gibson RS, Quan de Serrano J, et al. Trace element intakes and dietary phytate/Zn and Ca X phytate/Zn millimolar ratios of periurban Guatemalan women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:195-201.
8. Kirksey A, Wachs TD, Yunis F, et al. Relation of maternal zinc nutriture to pregnancy outcome and infant development in an Egyptian village. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60:782-92.
9. Abraham R, Campbell-Brown M, Haines AP, North WRS, Hainsworth V, McFadyen IR. Diet during pregnancy in an Asian community in Britain - energy, protein, zinc, copper, fibre and calcium. Hum Nutr Appl Nutr 1985;39:23-35.
10. Campbell-Brown M, Ward RJ, Haines AP, et al. Zinc and copper in Asian pregnancies - is there evidence for a nutritional deficiency? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985;92:875-85.
11. Lehti KK. Iron, folic acid and zinc intakes and status of low socioeconomic pregnant and lactating Amazonian women. Eur J Clin Nutr 1989;43:505-13.
12. Ferguson EL, Gadowshy SL, Huddle J-M, Cullinan TR, Lehrfeld J, Gibson RS. An interactive 24-h recall technique for assessing the adequacy of trace mineral intakes of rural Malawian women; its advantages and limitations. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995;49:565-78.
13. Parr RM. Assessment of dietary intakes. In: Trace elements in human nutrition and health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996:265-88.
14. National Research Council. The probability approach. In: Nutrient adequacy - assessment using food consumption surveys. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1986:25-40.
15. National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989.
16. Jameson S. Zinc status in pregnancy: the effect of zinc therapy on perinatal mortality, prematurity, and placental ablation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;678:178-92.
17. Swanson CA, King JC. Zinc and pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;46:763-71.
18. Apgar J. Zinc and reproduction. Annu Rev Nutr 1985;5:43-68.
19. Crosby WM, Metcoff J, Costiloe JP, et al. Fetal malnutrition: an appraisal of correlated factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977;128:22-9.
20. Atinmo T, Mbofung C, Osinusi BO. Relationship of zinc and copper concentrations in maternal and cord blood and birth weight. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1980;18:452-4.
21. Ghosh A, Fong LYY, Wan CW, Liang ST, Woo JSK, Wong V. Zinc deficiency is not a cause for abortion, congenital abnormality and small-for-gestational age infants in Chinese women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985;92:886-91.
22. Ette A, Ibeziako PA. Plasma zinc and copper concentrations in pregnant Nigerian women and newborns. Afr J Med Med Sci 1985;14:99-103.
23. Simmer K, Thompson RPH. Zinc in the fetus and newborn. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1985;319:158-63.
24. Neggers YH, Cutter GR, Acton RT, et al. A positive association between maternal serum zinc concentration and birth weight. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:678-84.
25. Neggers YH, Cutter GR, Alvarez JO, Goldenberg RL. The relationship between maternal serum zinc levels during pregnancy and birthweight. Early Hum Dev 1991;25:75-85.
26. Mameesh MS, Hathout H, Safar MAAI, Mahfouz A, Al-Hassan JM. Maternal plasma proteins. Magnesium, zinc and copper concentration at term associated with birth size in Kuwait. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol 1985;7:183-8.
27. Singh PP, Khushlani K, Veerwal PC, Gupta RC. Maternal hypozincemia and low-birth weight infants. Clin Chem 1987;33:1950 (letter).
28. Kapoor RK, Misra PK, Dixit S, Wakhlu I, Sharma B, Seth TD. Zinc and intrauterine growth. Indian Pediatr 1988;25:972-6.
29. Meadows NJ, Ruse W, Smith MF, et al. Zinc and small babies. Lancet 1981;2:1135-7.
30. Higashi A, Tajiri A, Matsukura M, Matsuda I. A prospective survey of serial maternal serum zinc levels and pregnancy outcome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1988;7:430-3.
31. Okonofua FE, Amole FA, Emofurieta WO, Ugwu NC. Zinc and copper concentration in plasma of pregnant women in Nigeria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1989;29:19-23.
32. Yasodhara P, Ramaraju LA, Raman L. Trace minerals in pregnancy. 1. Copper and zinc. Nutr Res 1991;11:15-21.
33. Jeswani RM, Vani SN. A study of serum zinc levels in cord blood of neonates and their mothers. Indian J Pediatr 1991;58:683-7.
34. Bahl L, Chaudhuri LS, Pathak RM. Study of serum zinc in neonates and their mothers in Shiml hills (Himachal Pradesh). Indian J Pediatr 1994;61:571-5.
35. Ortega RM, Andres P, Martinez RM, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Quintas ME. Zinc levels in maternal milk: the influence of nutritional status with respect to zinc during the third trimester of pregnancy. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:253-8.
36. Bogden JD, Thind IS, Kemp FW, Caternin H. Plasma concentrations of calcium, chromium, copper iron, magnesium, and zinc in maternal and cord blood and their relationship to low birth weight. J Lab Clin Med 1978;92:455-62.
37. Prema K. Predictive value of serum copper and zinc in normal and abnormal pregnancy. Indian J Med Res 1980;71:554-60.
38. Tuttle S, Aggett PJ, Campbell D, MacGillivray I. Zinc and copper nutrition in human pregnancy: a longitudinal study in normal primagravidae and in primagravidae at risk of delivering a growth retarded baby. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41:1032-41.
39. Fehily D, Fitzsimmons B, Jenkins D, Cremin FM, Flynn A, Soltan MH. Association of fetal growth with elevated maternal plasma zinc concentration in human pregnancy. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1986; 40C:221-7.
40. Adeniyi FAA. The implications of hypozincemia in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987;66:579-82.
41. Jepsen LV, Clemmensen K. Zinc in Danish women during late normal pregnancy and pregnancies with intra-uterine growth retardation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987;66:401-5.
42. Okonofua FE, Isinkaye A, Onwudiegwu U, Amole FA, Emofurieta WA, Ugwu NC. Plasma zinc and copper in pregnant Nigerian women at term and their newborn babies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1990;32:243-5.
43. Bro S, Berendtsen H, Nørgaard J, Høst A, Jørgensen PJ. Serum zinc and copper concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Relation to course and outcome of pregnancy. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1988;48:805-11.
44. Marsal K, Furgyik S. Zinc concentrations in maternal blood during pregnancy and postpartum, in cord blood and amniotic fluid. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987;66:653-6.
45. Lao TT, Loong EPL, Chin RKH, Lam CWK, Lam YM. Zinc and birth weight in uncomplicated pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1990;69:609-11.
46. Lao TT, Chin RKH, Mak YT, Swaminatan R, Lam YM. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc and birth weight in pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1990;247:167-71.
47. Wasowicz W, Wolkanin P, Begnarski M, Gromadzinska J, Sklodowska M, Grzybowska K. Plasma trace element (Se, Zn, Cu) concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood in Poland. Biol Trace Elem Res 1993;38:205-15.
48. Islam MA, Hemalatha P, Bhaskaram P, Kumar PA. Leukocyte and plasma zinc in maternal and cord blood: their relationship to period of gestation and birth weight. Nutr Res 1994;14:353-60.
49. Tamura T, Goldenberg RL, Freeberg LE, Cliver SP, Cutter GR, Hoffman HJ. Maternal serum folate and zinc concentrations and their relationships to pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:365-70.
50. Wolfe SA, Gibson RS, Gadowsky SL, O'Connor DL. Zinc status of a group of pregnant adolescents at 36 wks gestation living in southern Ontario. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:154-64.
51. Carbone P, Sobreviela M, Jimenez D, et al. Hair zinc and dietary zinc intake during pregnancy and puerperium. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992;47:103-8.
52. Metcoff J, Costiloe J, Crosby W, et al. Maternal nutrition and fetal outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34:708-21.
53. McMichael AJ, Dreosti IE, Gibson GT, Hartshorne JM, Buckley RA, Colley DP. A prospective study of serial maternal serum zinc levels and pregnancy outcome. Early Hum Dev 1982;7:59-69.
54. Mukherjee MD, Sandstead HH, Ratnaparkhi MV, Johnson LK, Milne DB, Stelling HP. Maternal zinc, iron, folic acid, and protein nutriture and outcome of human pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:496-507.
55. Jameson S. Zinc status and pregnancy outcomes in humans. In: Prasad AS, Dreosti IE, Hetzel BS, eds. Clinical applications of recent advances in zinc metabolism, New York: Alan R Liss, 1982:39-52.
56. Hunt IF, Murphy NJ, Cleaver AE, et al. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy: effects on selected blood constituents and on progress and outcome of pregnancy in low-income women of Mexican descent. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:508-21.
57. Ross SM, Nel E, Naeye R. Differing effects of low and high bulk maternal dietary supplements during pregnancy. Early Hum Dev 1985;10:295-302.
58. Hunt IF, Murphy NJ, Cleaver AE, et al. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy in low-income teenagers of Mexican descent: effects on selected blood constituents and on progress and outcome of pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:815-28.
59. Cherry FF, Sandstead HH, Rojas P, Johnson LK, Batson HK, Wang XB. Adolescent pregnancy: associations among body weight, zinc nutriture, and pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;50:945-54.
60. Mahomed K, James DK, Golding J, McCabe R. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy: a double blind randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 1989;299:826-30.
61. Simmer K, Lort-Phillips L, James C, Thompson RPH. A double-blind trial of zinc supplementation in pregnancy. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:139-44.
62. Kynast G, Saling E. Effect of oral zinc application during pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1986;21:117-23.
63. Robertson JS, Heywood B, Atkinson SM. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy. J Public Health Med 1991;13:227-9.
64. Garg HK, Singhla KC, Arshad Z. A study of the effect of oral zinc supplementation during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1993;37:276-84.
65. Goldenberg RL, Tamura T, Neggers Y, et al. The effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy outcome. JAMA 1995;274:463-8.
66. Kramer MS. Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organization 1987;65:663-737.
67. Apgar J, Fitzgerald JA. Effect on the ewe and lamb of low zinc intake throughout pregnancy. J Anim Sci 1985;60:1530-8.
68. Apgar J, Everett GA. Low zinc intake affects maintenance of pregnancy in guinea pigs. J Nutr 1991;121:192-200.
69. Bunce GE, Lytton F, Gunesekera B, Vessal M, Kim C. Molecular basis for abnormal parturition in zinc deficiency in rats. In: Allen LH, King J, Lonnerdal B, eds. Nutrient regulation during pregnancy, lactation, and infant growth. New York: Plenum Press, 1994:209-14.
70. Golub M, Keen CL, Gershwin ME, Hendrickx AG. Developmental zinc deficiency and behavior. J Nutr 1995;125:2263S-71S.
71. Golub M, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS, Saito WY, Hendrickx AG. Studies on marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys: IV. Growth of infants in the first year of life. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:1192-202.
72. Golub MS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS, Hendrickx AG, Saito WY, Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys: infant behavior. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42:1229-39.
73. Golub MS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS, Hendrickx AG. Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys. VIII. Effects on early adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47:1046-51.
74. Golub MS, Tarantel AF, Gershwin ME, Keen CL, Hendrickx AG, Lonnerdal B. Ultrasound evaluation of fetuses of zinc-deprived monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:734-40.
75. Cavdar AO, Bahceci M, Akar N, Erten J, Yahuz H. Effect of zinc supplementation in a Turkish woman with two previous anacephalic infants. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1991;47:103-8.
76. Hambidge KM, Nelder KH, Walravens PA. Zinc, acrodermatitis enteropathica, and congenital malformations. Lancet 1975;1:577-8.
77. Kirksey A, Rahmanifar A, Wachs TD, et al. Determinants of pregnancy outcome and newborn behavior of a semirural Egyptian population. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:657-67.
78. Brazelton TB. Neonatal behavior assessment scale. 2nd ed. London: Spastics International Medical Publications, 1984.
79. Bayley N. Bayley scales of infant development manual. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1969.
80. Isabella R, Ward M, Belsky J. Convergence of multiple sources of information on infant individuality. Infant Behav Dev 1985;8:283-91.
81. Bornstein MH, Sigman MD. Continuity in mental development from infancy. Child Dev 1986;57:251-74.
82. McCall RB, Carriger MS. A meta-analysis of infant habituation and recognition memory performance as predictors of later IQ. Child Dev 1993;64:57-79.
83. World Health Organization. Zinc. In: Trace elements in human nutrition and health. Geneva: WHO, 1996:72-104.
84. Wallwork C, Sandstead HH. Zinc and brain function. In: Prasad A, ed. Essential and toxic trace elements in human health and disease: an update. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1993:65-80.
85. Keen CL, Taubeneck MW, Daston GP, Rogers JM, Gershwin ME. Primary and secondary zinc deficiency as factors underlying abnormal CNS development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;678:37-47.
86. Eaton WO, Saudino KJ. Prenatal activity level as a temperament dimension? Individual differences and developmental functions in fetal movement. Infant Behav Dev 1992;15:57-70.
87. Madison LS, Madison JK, Adubato SA. Infant behavior and development in relation to fetal movement and habituation. Child Dev 1986;57:475-82.
88. Shadmi A, Homburg R, Insler V. An examination of the relationship between fetal movements and infant motor activity. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1986;65:335-9.
89. Apgar J. Effect of zinc deficiency on parturition in the rat. Am J Physiol 1968;215:160-3.
90. Apgar J. Effect of zinc repletion late in gestation on parturition in the zinc-deficient rat. J Nutr 1973;103:973-81.
91. Bunce GE, Wilson GR, Mills CF, Klopper A. Studies on the role of zinc in parturition in the rat. Biochem J 1983;210:761-7.
92. Golub MS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS, Baly DL, Hendrickx AG. Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys: II. Pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;39:879-87.
93. Olson DM, Mijovic JE, Sadowsky DW. Control of human parturition. Semin Perinatol 1995;19:52-63.
94. Kynast G, Saling E. The relevance of zinc in pregnancy. J Perinat Med 1980;8:171-82.
95. Cunnane SC. Foetal mortality in moderately zinc-deficient rats is strictly related to the process of parturition: effect of maternal essential fatty acid supplementation. Br J Nutr 1982;47:495-504.
96. Sikorski S, Juszkiewicz T, Paszkowski T. Zinc status in women with premature rupture of membranes at term. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:675-7.
97. Scholl TO, Hediger ML, Schall JI, Fischer RL. Khoo CS. Low zinc intake during pregnancy: its association with preterm and very preterm delivery. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:1115-24.
98. Lazebnik N, Kuhnert BR, Kuhnert PM, Thompson KL. Zinc status, pregnancy complications, and labor abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158:161-6.
99. Dura-Trave T, Puig-Abuli M, Monreal I, Villa-Elizaga I. Relation between maternal plasmatic zinc levels and uterine contractility. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1984;17:247-51.
100. Chelmow D, Kilpatrick SJ, Laros RK. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after prolonged latent phase. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:486-91.
101. Grant A, Elbourne D. Fetal movement counting to assess fetal well-being. In: Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, eds. Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. New York: Oxford Medical Publications, 1989:440-54.
102. Chao C. Factors affecting optimal mode of delivery. In: Witter F, Keith L, eds. Textbook of prematurity. Boston: Little Brown, 1993:203-22.
103. Caulfield LE, Haas JD, Belizán JM, Rasmussen KM, Edmonston B. Differences in early postnatal morbidity risk by pattern of fetal growth in Argentina. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1991;5:263-75.
104. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune functions: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(suppl):447S-63S.
105. Christian P, West KP. Interactions of zinc and vitamin A: an update. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(suppl):435S-41S.
106. Herzenberg LA, Kantor AB, Herzenberg LA. Layered evolution in the immune system. A model for the ontogeny and development of multiple lymphocyte lineages. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992;651:1-9.
107. Keen CL, Gershwin ME. Zinc deficiency and immune function. Annu Rev Nutr 1990;10:415-31.
108. Beach RS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS. The reversibility of developmental retardation following murine fetal zinc deprivation. J Nutr 1982;112:1169-81.
109. Beach RS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS. Gestational zinc deprivation in mice: persistence of immunodeficiency for three generations. Science 1982;218:469-71.
110. Beach RS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS. Persistent immunological consequences of gestation zinc deprivation. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 38:579-90.
111. Solomons NW, Russell RM. The interaction of vitamin A and zinc: implications for human nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:2031-40.
112. Baly DL, Golub MS, Gershwin ME, Hurley LS. Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys. III. Effects on vitamin A metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:199-207.
113. Peters AJ, Keen CL, Lonnerdal B, Hurley LS. Zinc-vitamin A interaction in pregnant and fetal rats: high vitamin A does not compensate. J Nutr 1986;116:1765-71.
114. Sommer A, West KP. Child survival. In: Vitamin A deficiency: health, survival, and vision. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996:19-61.
115. Allen LH. Nutritional influences on linear growth: a general review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1994;48(S1):S75-89.
116. Sazawal S, Black RE, Bhan MK, Jalla S, Sinha A, Bhandari N. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India. N Engl J Med 1995;333:839-44.