Genetic and non-genetic basis of essential hypertension: Maladaptation of human civilization to high salt intake

Hypertension Research

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 67-71

  Kurokawa, Kiyoshi ^a   Okuda, Toshihiro ^b  

^a TOKAI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Human civilization; Hypertension; Juxtaglomerular apparatus; Kidney; Salt

Indexed keywords

ANGIOTENSIN; RENIN;

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; HUMAN; KIDNEY FUNCTION; PATHOGENESIS; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SALT INTAKE;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; CIVILIZATION; DIET, SODIUM-RESTRICTED; ENVIRONMENT; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY; POTASSIUM, DIETARY; SODIUM CHLORIDE, DIETARY; SODIUM, DIETARY;

EID: 0031901837     PISSN: 09169636     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1291/hypres.21.67     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Kurokawa K, Okuda T: Calcium activated chloride conductance of mesangial cells. Kidney Int 1990; 38 (Suppl 30): S48-S50.
2. Kurokawa K: Kidney, salt, and hypertension: how and why. Kidney Int 1996; 49 (Suppl 55): S46-S51.
3. Ito S, Carretero OA: An in vivo approach to the study of macula densa mediated glomerular hemodynamics. Kidney Int 1990; 38: 1206-1210.
4. Holstein-Rathlou NH, Marsh DJ: Oscillations of tubular pressure, flow, and distal chloride concentration in rats. Am J Physiol 1990; 256: F1007-F1014.
5. Holstein-Rathlou NH: Oscillation and chaos in renal blood flow control. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993; 4: 1275-1287.
6. Badr KF, Ichikawa I: Prerenal failure: a deleterious shift from renal compensation to decompensation. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 623-629.
7. Persson BE, Persson AEG: The existence of a tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms in the Amphiuma nephron. Pflugers Arch 1981; 391: 129-134.
8. Brown JA, Rankin JC, Yokota SD: Glomerular haemodynamics and filtration on single nephrons of non-mammalian vertebrates, in Brown JA, Balment RJ, Tankin JC (eds): New insights in vertebrate kidney function. Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series 52, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp1-44.
9. Schmidt-Nielsen K: Animal physiology. 4th ed., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp299-390.
10. Rettig R, Unger T: The role of the kidney in the aetiology of hypertension. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1991; 12: 243-245.
11. Curtis JJ, Luke RG, Dustan HP, et al: Remission of essential hypertension after renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 1009-1015.
12. Sealey JE, Blumenfeld JD, Bell GM, Pecker MS, Sommers SC, Laragh JH: On the renal basis for essential hypertension: nephron heterogeneity with discordant renin secretion and sodium excretion causing a hypertensive vasoconstriction-volume relationship. J Hypertens 1988; 6: 763-777.
13. Brenner BM, Garcis DL, Anderson S: Glomeruli and blood pressure: less of one, more the other? Am J Hypertens 1988; 1: 335-347.
14. Arendshorst WJ: Altered reactivity of tubuloglomerular feedback. Annu Rev Physiol 1987; 49: 295-317.
15. Briggs JP, Schnermann J: The restoration of tubuloglomerular feedback in volume-expanded rats by angiotensin II. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: F565-F572.
16. Grim CE, Luft FC, Miller JZ, Brown PL, Gannon MA, Weinberger MH: Effects of sodium loading and depletion in normotensive first-degree relatives of essential hypertensives. J Lab Clin Med 1979; 94: 764-771.
17. Hollenberg NK, Moore T, Shoback D, Redgrave J, Rabinowe S, Williams GH: Abnormal renal sodium handling in essential hypertension. Am J Med 1986; 81: 412-418.
18. Guyton AC: Dominance role of kidney and accessory role of whole-body autoregulation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1989; 2: 575-585.
19. Barker DJP, Bull AR, Osmond C, Simmonds SJ: Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life. Br Med J 1990; 301: 259-262.
20. Barker DJP, Winter PD, Osmond C, Margetts B, Simmonds SJ: Weight in infancy and death from ischemic heart disease. Lancet 1989; 2: 577-580.
21. Law CM, de Swiet M, Osmond C, et al: Initiation of hypertension in utero and its amplification throughout life. Br Med J 1993; 306: 24-27.
22. Sommers SC, Melamed J: Renal pathology of essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1993; 3: 583-587.
23. Denton D: The hunger for salt. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, Springer Verlag, 1984.
24. Eaton SB, Konner M: Paleolithic nutrition. N Eng J Med 1985; 312: 283-289.
25. Astrap P: Salt and water in culture and medicine. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 1993.
26. Ritz E: The history of salt-aspects of interest to the nephrologist. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11: 969-975.