The ins and outs of virulence gene expression: Mg2+ as a regulatory signal

BioEssays

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 96-101

  Groisman, Eduardo A ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MAGNESIUM;

ANIMAL; BACTERIAL GENE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SALMONELLOSIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VIRULENCE;

ANIMALS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENES, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MAGNESIUM; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SALMONELLA INFECTIONS; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VIRULENCE;

EID: 0031888905     PISSN: 02659247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199801)20:1<96::AID-BIES13>3.0.CO;2-3     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Jones, B.D., and Falkow, S. (1996). Salmonellosis: Host immune responses and bacterial virulence determinants. Annu Rev Immunol 14, 533-561.
2. Sheehan, B., Kocks, C., Dramsi, S., Gouin, E., Klarsfeld, A.D., Mengaud, J., and Cossart, P. (1994). Molecular and genetic determinants of the Listeria monocytogenes infectious process. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 192, 187-216.
3. Mahan, M.J., Slauch, J.M., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1993). Selection of bacterial virulence genes that are specifically induced in host tissues. Science 259, 686-688.
4. Mahan, M.J., Tobias, J.W., Slauch, J.M., Hanna, P.C., Collier, R.J., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1995). Antibiotic-based selection for bacterial genes that are specifically induced during infection of a host. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 669-673.
5. Heithoff, D.M., Conner, C.P., Hanna, P.C., Julio, S.M., Hentschel, U., and Mahan, M.J. (1997). Bacterial infection as assessed by in vivo gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 934-939.
6. 2+ as an extracellular signal: Environmental regulation of Salmonella virulence. Cell 84, 165-174.
7. Soncini, F.C., and Groisman, E.A. (1996). Two-component systems can interact to process multiple environmental signals. J Bacteriol 178, 6796-6801.
8. Dell, C.L., Neely, M.N., and Olson, E.R. (1994). Altered pH and lysine signalling mutants of cadC, a gene encoding a membrane-bound transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli cadBA operon. Mol Microbiol 14, 7-16.
9. Kier, L.D., Weppelman, R.M., and Ames, B.N. (1979). Regulation of nonspecific acid phosphatase in Salmonella: phoN and phoP genes. J Bacteriol 138, 155-161.
10. Soncini, F.C., García Véscovi, E., Solomon, F., and Groisman, E.A. (1996). Molecular basis of the magnesium deprivation response in Salmonella typhimurium: Identification of PhoP-regulated genes. J Bacteriol 178, 5092-5099.
11. Fields, P.I., Groisman, E.A., and Heffron, F. (1989). A Salmonella locus that controls resistance to microbicidal proteins from phagocytic cells. Science 243, 1059-1062.
12. Miller, S.I., Kukral, A.M., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1989). A two-component regulatory system (phoP phoQ) controls Salmonella typhimurium virulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86, 5054-5058.
13. Stock, J.B., Surette, M.G., Levit, M., and Park, P. (1995). Two-component signal transduction systems: Structure-function relationships and mechanisms of catalysis. In J.A. Hoch and T.J. Silhavi (eds): Two-component Signal Transduction. Washington, DC: ASM Press, pp. 25-51.
14. Alex, L.A., and Simon, M.I. (1994). Protein histidine kinases and signal transduction in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Trends Genet 10, 133-138.
15. García Véscovi, E., Ayala, Y., Di Cera, E., and Groisman, E.A. (1997). Characterization of the bacterial sensor protein PhoQ. Evidence for distinct binding sites for Mg2+ and Ca2+. J Biol Chem 272, 1440-1443.
16. Waldburger, C.D., and Sauer, R.T. (1996). Signal detection by the PhoQ sensor-transmitter. Characterization of the sensor domain and a response-impaired mutant that identifies ligand-binding determinants. J Biol Chem 271,fv;8 26630-26636.
17. Roland, K.L., Martin, L.E., Esther, C.R., and Spitznagel, J.K. (1993). Spontaneous pmrA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 define a new two-component regulatory system with a possible role in virulence. J Bacteriol 175, 4154-4164.
18. Gunn, J.S., and Miller, S.I. (1996). PhoP/PhoQ activates transcription of pmrAB, encoding a two-component regulatory system involved in Salmonella typhimurium antimicrobial peptide resistance. J Bacteriol 178, 6857-6864.
19. Gulig, P.A., Danbara, H., Guiney, D.G., Lax, A.J., Norel, F., and Rhen, M. (1993). Molecular analysis of spv virulence genes of the salmonella virulence plasmids. Mol Microbiol 7, 825-830.
20. Blanc-Potard, A.-B., and Groisman, E.A. (1997). The Salmonella selC locus contains a pathogenicity island mediating intramacrophage survival. EMBO J 16, 5376-5385.
21. Groisman, E.A., and Ochman, H. (1996). Pathogencity islands: bacterial evolution in quantum leaps. Cell 87, 791-794.
22. Groisman, E.A., Chiao, E., Lipps, C.J., and Heffron, F. (1989). Salmonella typhimurium phoP virulence gene is a transcriptional regulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86, 7077-7081.
23. Groisman, E.A., and Heffron, F. (1995). Regulation of Salmonella virulence by two-component regulatory systems. In J.A. Hoch and T.J. Silhavi (eds): Two-Component Signal Transduction. Washington, DC: ASM Press, pp. 319-332.
24. Pulkkinen, W.S., and Miller, S.I. (1991). A Salmonella typhimurium virulence protein is similar to a Yersinia enterocolitica invasion protein and a bacteriophage lambda outer membrane protein. J Bacteriol 173, 86-93.
25. Alpuche-Aranda, C.M., Swanson, J.A., Loomis, W.P., and Miller, S.I. (1992). Salmonella typhimurium activates virulence gene transcription within acidified macrophage phagosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89, 10079-10083.
26. Miller, S.I., and Mekalanos, J.J. (1990). Constitutive expression of the phoP regulon attenuates Salmonella virulence and survival within macrophages. J Bacteriol 172, 2485-2490.
27. Reinhart, R.A. (1988). Magnesium metabolism: A review with special reference to the relationship between intracellular content and serum levels. Arch Intern Med 148, 2415-2420.
28. Behlau, I., and Miller, S.I. (1993). A PhoP-repressed gene promotes Salmonella typhimurium invasion of epithelial cells. J Bacteriol 175, 4475-4484.
29. Bajaj, V., Lucas, R.L., Hwang, C., and Lee, C.A. (1996). Coordinate regulation of Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes by environmental and regulatory factors is mediated by control of hilA expression. Mol Microbiol 22, 703-714.
30. Mills, D.M., Bajaj, V., and Lee, C.A. (1995). A 40 kilobase chromosomal fragment encoding Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes is absent from the corresponding region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Mol Microbiol 15, 749-759.
31. García del Portillo, F., Foster, J.W., Maguire, M.E., and Finlay, B.B. (1992). Characterization of the micro-environment of Salmonella typhimurium-containing vacuoles within MDCK epithelial cells. Mol Microbiol 6, 3289-3297.
32. Rathman, M., Sjaastad, M.D., and Falkow, S. (1996). Acidification of phagosomes containing Salmonella typhimurium in murine macrophages. Infect Immunol 64, 2765-2773.
33. Vidal, S., Malo, D., Vogan, K., Skamene, E., and Gros, P. (1993). Natural resistance to infection by intracellular parasites: Isolation of a candidate for Bcg. Cell 73, 469-485.
34. Supek, F., Supekova, L., Nelson, H., and Nelson, N. (1996). A yeast manganese transporter related to the macrophage protein involved in converring resistance to mycobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 5105-5110.
35. Gunshin, H., Mackenzie, B., Berger, U.V., Gunshin, Y., Romero, M.F., Boron, W.F., Nussberger, S., Gollan, J.L., and Hediger, M.A. (1997). Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter. Nature 388, 482-488.
36. Valdivia, R.H., and Falkow, S. (1996). Bacterial genetics by flow cytometry:rapid isolation of Salmonella typhimurium acid-inducible promoters by differential fluorescence induction. Mol Microbiol 22, 367-378.