Reproductive energy allocation and long-term energy stores in a viviparous lizard (Eulamprus tympanum)

Ecology

Volumn 79, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 1073-1083

  Doughty, Paul ^a,b   Shine, Richard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Energy allocation; Eulamprus tympanum; Life history; Lizard; Reproduction; Scincidae; Storage; Time lags; Trade offs

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; EULAMPRUS TYMPANUM; SCINCIDAE; SQUAMATA; VERTEBRATA; ZOOTOCA VIVIPARA;

EID: 0031853835     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1073:reaalt]2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Adolph, S. C., and W. P. Purler. 1993. Temperature, activity, and lizard life histories. American Naturalist 142:273-295.
2. Adolph, S. C., and W. P. Porler. 1996. Growth, seasonality, and lizard life histories: age and size at maturity. Oikos 77:267-278.
3. Ballinger, R. E. 1977. Reproductive strategies: food availability as a source of proximal variation in a lizard. Ecology 58:628-635.
4. Beaupre, S. J., Dunham, A. E., and K. L. Overall. 1993. The effects of consumption rate and temperature on ADC, urate production, MEC, and passage time in canyon lizards (Sceloporus merriami) from two populations. Functional Ecology 7:273-280.
5. Bernardo, J. 1994. Experimental analysis of allocation in two divergent, natural salamander populations. American Naturalist 143:14-38.
6. _. 1996. The particular maternal effect of propagule size, especially egg size: patterns, models, quality of evidence, and interpretations. American Zoologist 36:216-236.
7. Blackburn, D. G. 1992. Convergent evolution of viviparity, matrotrophy, and specializations for fetal nutrition in reptiles and other vertebrates. American Zoologist 32:313-321.
8. Blomberg, S. P. 1994. Body size, ecology, and life history of the Southern Highland water skink, Eulamprus tympanum. Dissertation. University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
9. Boersma, M. 1995. The allocation of resources to reproduction in Duphnia galeata: against the odds? Ecology 76: 1251-1261.
10. Brough, C. N., and A. F. G. Dixon. 1989. Intraclonal tradeoff between reproductive investment and size of fat body in the vetch aphid. Megoura viciae Buckton. Functional Ecology 3:747-751.
11. Bull, J. J., and R. Shine. 1979. Ueroparous animals that skip opportunities for reproduction. American Naturalist 114:296-316.
12. Castilla, A. M., and D. Bauwens. 1990. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the lizard, Lacerta lepida, in central Spain. Journal of Herpetology 24:261-266.
13. Chasiol, O., H. Weimerskirch, and P. Jouventin. 1995. The influence of body condition on reproductive decision and reproductive success in the Blue Petrel. Ecology 76:2240-2246.
14. Cree, A., and L. J. Guillette, Jr. 1995. Biennial reproduction with a fourteen-month pregnancy in the gecko Hoplodactylus maculants from southern New Zealand. Journal of Herpetology 29:163-173.
15. Derickson, W. K. 1976a. Ecological and physiological aspects of reproductive strategies in two lizards. Ecology 57:445-458.
16. _. 1976b. Lipid storage and utilization in reptiles. American Zoologist 16:711-723.
17. Dial, B. F., and L. C. Fitzpatrick. 1981. The energetic costs of tail autotomy to reproduction in the lizard Coleonyx brevis (Sauria: Gekkonidae). Oecologia 51:310-317.
18. Doughty, P. 1996rt, Life history evolution in Australian lizards: allometric. energetic, and comparative perspectives. Dissertation. University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
19. _. 1996b. Allometry of reproduction in two species of gekkonid lizard (Gehyra): effects of body size miniaturization on clutch and egg sizes. Journal of Zoology, London 260:703-715.
20. _. 1997. The effects of "fixed" clutch sizes on lizard life histories: reproduction in the Australian velvet gecko, Oedura lesueurii. Journal of Herpetology 31:703-715.
21. Doughty, P., and R. Shine. 1997. Detecting life history tradeoffs: measuring energy stores in "capital" breeders reveals costs of reproduction. Oecologia 110:508-513.
22. Drent, R. H., and S. Daan. 1980. The prudent parent: energetic adjustments in avian breeding. Ardea 68:225-252.
23. Dunham, A. E., B. W. Grant, and K. L. Overall. 1989. Interfaces between biophysical and physiological ecology and the population ecology of terrestrial vertebrate ectotherms. Physiological Zoology 62:335-355.
24. Dunham, A. E., D. B. Miles, and D. N. Reznick. 1988b. Life history patterns in squamatc reptiles. Pages 441-522 in C. Gans and R. B. Huey, editors. Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 16 (Ecology B). Alan R. Liss, New York, New York, USA.
25. Dunham, A. E., P. J. Morin, and H. M. Wilbur. 1988a. Methods for the study of reptile populations. Pages 331-386 in C. Gans and R. B. Huey, editors. Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 16 (Ecology B). Alan R. Liss, New York, New York, USA.
26. Fisher, R. A. 1930. The genetical theory of natural selection. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
27. Ford, N. B., and R. A. Seigel. 1989. Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive traits: evidence from a viviparous snake. Ecology 70:1768-1774.
28. Fraser, D. F. 1980. On the environmental control of oocyte maturation in a plethodontid salamander. Oecologia 46:302-307.
29. Gibbons, J. W., and R. D. Semlitsch. 1982. Survivorship and longevity of a long-lived vertebrate species: how long do turtles live? Journal of Animal Ecology 51:253-257.
30. Gittleman, J. L., and S. D. Thompson. 1988. Energy allocation in mammalian reproduction. American Zoologist 28:836-875.
31. Glazier, D. S. 1992. Effects of food, genotype, and maternal size and age on offspring investment in Daphnia magna. Ecology 73:910-926.
32. Goulden, C. E., and L. L. Hornig. 1980. Population oscillations and energy reserves in planktonic cladocerans and their consequences to competition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 77:1716-1720.
33. Grant, B. W., and A. E. Dunham. 1988. Thermally imposed time constraints on the activity of the desert lizard Sceloporus merriami. Ecology 69:167-176.
34. Grant, B. W., and A. E. Dunham. 1990. Elevational covariation in environmental constraints and life histories of the desert lizard Sceloporus merriami. Ecology 71:1765-1776.
35. Greer, A. E. 1986. On the absence of visceral fat bodies within a major lineage of scincid lizards. Journal of Herpetology 20:265-267.
36. _. 1989. The biology and evolution of Australian lizards. Surrey Beatty. Chipping Norton. Australia.
37. Guyer, C. 1988. Food supplementation in a tropical mainland anole, Norops humilis: effects on individuals. Ecology 69:362-369.
38. Hahn, W. E., and D. W. Tinkle. 1965. Fat body cycling and experimental evidence for its adaptive significance to ovarian follicle development in the lizard Uta stansburiana. Journal of Experimental Zoology 158:79-86.
39. Harris, R. N. 1989. Nonlethal injury to organisms as a mechanism of population regulation. American Naturalist 134:835-847.
40. Horn, C. L. 1988. Optimal reproductive allocation in female dusky salamanders: a quantitative test. American Naturalist 131:71-90.
41. Houston, D., and R. Shine. 1994. Population demography of Arafura filesnakes (Serpentes: Acrochordidae) in tropical Australia. Journal of Herpetology 28:273-280.
42. James, C. D., and W. G. Whitford. 1994. An experimental study of phenotypic plasticity in the clutch size of a lizard. Oikos 70:49-56.
43. Jokela, J., and P. Mutikainen. 1995. Phenotypic plasticity and priority rules for energy allocation in a freshwater clam: a field experiment. Oecologia 104:122-132.
44. Jones, S. M., R. E. Ballinger, and W. P. Porter. 1987. Physiological and environmental sources of variation in reproduction: prairie lizards in a food-rich environment. Oikos 48:325-335.
45. Jönsson, K. I. 1997. Capital and income breeding as alternative tactics of resource use in reproduction. Oikos 78: 57-66.
46. Karasov, W. H., and R. A. Anderson. 1984. Interhabitat differences in energy acquisition and expenditure in a lizard. Ecology 65:235-247.
47. Limpus, C. J., A. Fleay. and V. Baker. 1984. The flatback turtle, Chelonia depressa, in Queensland: reproductive periodicity, philopatry, and recruitment. Australian Wildlife Research 11:579-587.
48. Maiorana, V. C. 1977. Tail autotomy, functional conflicts, and their resolution by a salamander. Nature 265:533-535.
49. Naulleau, G., and X. Bonnet. 1996. Body condition threshold for breeding in a viviparous snake, Oecologia 107:301-306.
50. Niewiarowski, P. H., and A. E. Dunham. 1994. The evolution of reproductive effort in squamate reptiles: costs, tradeoffs, and assumptions reconsidered. Evolution 48:137-145.
51. Nussbaum, R. A. 1981. Seasonal shifts in clutch size and egg size in the side-blotched lizard. Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard. Oecologia 49:8-13.
52. Perrin, N., and R. M. Sibly. 1993. Dynamic models of energy allocation and investment. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24:379-410.
53. Pond, C. M. 1978. Morphological aspects and the ecological and mechanical consequences of fat deposition in wild vertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9: 519-570.
54. _. 1981. Storage. Pages 190-221 in C. R. Townsend and P. Calow. editors. Physiological ecology: an evolutionary approach to resource use. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, U.K.
55. Reznick, D. 1983. The structure of guppy life histories: the trade-off between growth and reproduction. Ecology 64:862-873.
56. Reznick, D. N., and B. Braun. 1987. Fat cycling in the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): fat storage as a reproductive adaptation. Oecologia 73:401-413.
57. Reznick, D., H. Callahan, and R. Llauredo. 1996. Maternal effects on offspring quality in poeciliid fishes. American Zoologist 36:147-156.
58. Reznick, D., and A. P. Yang. 1993. The influence of fluctuating resources on life history: patterns of allocation and plasticity in female guppies. Ecology 74:2011-2019.
59. Rohr, D. H. 1997. Demographic and life history variation in two proximate populations of a viviparous skink separated by a steep altitudinal gradient. Journal of Animal Ecology 66:567-578.
60. Rollo, C. D. 1995. Phenotypes: their epigenetics, ecology, and evolution. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K.
61. Saint-Girons, H. 1982. Reproductive cycles of male snakes and their relationships with climate and female reproductive cycles. Herpetologica 38:5-16.
62. Santulli, A., A. Modica, L. Cusenza, A. Curatolo, and V. D'Amelio. 1993. Effects of temperature on gastric evacuation rate and absorption and transport of dietary lipids in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 105:363-367.
63. Sauer, J. R., and N. A. Slade. 1987. Size-based demography of vertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18:71-90.
64. Schultz, E. T., L. M. Clifton, and R. R. Warner. 1991. Energetic constraints and size-based tactics: the adaptive significance of breeding-schedule variation in a marine fish (Embiotocidae: Micrometrus minimus). American Naturalist 138:1408-1430.
65. Schwarzkopf, L. 1991. Costs of reproduction in the viviparous skink Eulamprus tympanum Dissertation. University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
66. _. 1992. Annual variation of litter size and offspring size in a viviparous skink. Herpetologica 48:390-395.
67. _. 1993. Costs of reproduction in water skinks. Ecology 74:1970-1981.
68. Schwarzkopf, L., and R. Shine. 1991. Thermal biology of reproduction in viviparous skinks, Eulamprus tympanum: why do gravid females bask more? Oecologia 88:562-569.
69. Schwarzkopf, L., and R. Shine. 1992. Costs of reproduction in lizards: escape tactics and susceptibility to predation. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 31:17-25.
70. Scott, D. E., and M. R. Fore. 1995. The effect of food limitation on lipid levels, growth, and reproduction in the marbled salamander. Ambystoma opacum, Herpetologica 51:462-471.
71. Seaman, J. W., Jr., and R. G. Jaeger. 1990. Statisticae dogmaticae: a critical essay on statistical practice in ecology. Herpelologica 46:337-346.
72. Seigel, R. A. 1993. Summary: future research on snakes, or how to combat "lizard envy." Pages 395-402 in R. A. Seigel and J. T. Collins, editors. Snakes: ecology and behavior. McGraw-Hill. New York, New York, USA.
73. Seigel, R. A., and H. S. Fitch. 1985. Annual variation in reproduction in snakes. Journal of Animal Ecology 54:497-505.
74. Shine, R. 1980. "Costs" of reproduction in reptiles, Oecologia 46:92-100.
75. _. 1986. Ecology of a low-energy specialist: food habits and reproductive biology of the arafura filesnake (Acrochordidae). Copeia 1986:424-437.
76. _. 1992. Relative clutch mass and body shape in lizards and snakes: is reproductive investment constrained or optimized? Evolution 46:828-833.
77. Shine, R., and P. Harlow. 1993. Maternal thermoregulation influences offspring viability in a viviparous lizard. Oecologia 96:122-127.
78. Shine, R., and L. Schwarzkopf. 1992. The evolution of reproductive effort in lizards and snakes. Evolution 46:62-75.
79. Shine, R., L. Schwarzkopf, and M. J. Caley. 1996. Energy, risk, and reptilian reproductive effort: a reply to Niewiarowski and Dunham. Evolution 50:2111-2114.
80. Sinervo, B., and S. C. Adolph. 1994. Growth plasticity and thermal opportunity in Sceloporus lizards. Ecology 75:776-790.
81. Sinervo, B., and P. Doughty. 1996. Interactive effects of offspring size and timing of reproduction on offspring reproduction: experimental, maternal, and quantitative genetic aspects. Evolution 50:1314-1327.
82. Sinervo, B., R. Hedges, and S. C. Adolph. 1991. Decreased sprint speed as a cost of reproduction in the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis: variation among populations. Journal of Experimental Biology 155:323-336.
83. Smith, G. R., R. E. Ballinger, and B. R. Rose. 1995. Reproduction in Sceloporus virgatus from the Chiricahua mountains of southeastern Arizona, with emphasis on annual variation. Herpetologica 51:342-349.
84. Smyth, M. 1974. Changes in the fat stores of the skinks Morethia boulengeri and Hemiergis peronii (Lacertilia). Australian Journal of Zoology 22:135-145.
85. Stewart, J. R. 1992. Placental structure and nutritional provision to embryos in predominantly lecithotrophic viviparous reptiles. American Zoologist 32:303-312.
86. Stewart, J. R., and M. B. Thompson. 1996. Evolution of reptilian placentation: development of extraembryonic membranes of the Australian scincid lizards, Bassiana du- perreyi (oviparous) and Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii (viviparous). Journal of Morphology 227:349-370.
87. 3H-labelled leucine in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Journal of Experimental Zoology 277:139-145.
88. Taylor, J. A. 1986. Seasonal energy storage in the Australian lizard, Ctenotus taeniolatus. Copeia 1986:445-453.
89. Thompson, J. 1981. A study of the sources of nutrients for embryonic development in a viviparous lizard, Sphenomorphus quovii. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 70:509-518.
90. Tilley, S. J. 1984. Skeletal variation in the Australian Sphenomorphus group (Lacertilia: Scincidae). Dissertation. La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
91. Tucker, V. A. 1975. Flight energetics. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 35:49-63.
92. Van Damme, R., D. Bauwens, and R. F. Verheyen. 1991. The thermal dependence of feeding behaviour, food consumption, and gut passage time in the lizard Lacerta vivipura Jacquin. Functional Ecology 5:507-517.
93. Van Wyk, J. H. 1991. Biennial reproduction in the female viviparous lizard Cordylus giganteus. Amphibia-Reptilia 12:329-342.
94. Vitt, L. J., and J. D. Congdon. 1978. Body shape, reproductive effort and relative clutch mass in lizards: resolution of a paradox. American Naturalist 112:595-608.
95. Waldschmidt, S. R., S. M. Jones, and W. P. Porter. 1986. The effect of body temperature and feeding regime on activity, passage time, and digestive coefficient in the lizard Uta stansburiana. Physiolgical Zoology 59:376-383.
96. Weimerskirch, H. 1992. Reproductive effort in long-lived birds: age-specific patterns of condition, reproduction, and survival in the Wandering Albatross. Oikos 64:464-473.
97. Wilson, R. 1994. Physiological responses to caudal autotomy in Eulamprus quoyii. Honors Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
98. Witter, M. S., and I. C. Cuthill. 1993. The ecological costs of fat storage. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B): 340:73-92.
99. Xiang, J., X. Yonggeng, andZ. Xiangzhong. 1994. The major lipid reserves in the skink, Eumeces chinensis. Acta Zooloeica Sinica 15:59-64.
100. Zani, P. A. 1996. Patterns of caudal-autotomy evolution in lizards. Journal of Zoology, London 260:201-220.