Urban woodlands: Their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution

Environmental Pollution

Volumn 99, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 347-360

  Beckett, K P ^a   Freer Smith, P H ^b   Taylor, G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b FOREST RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Forestry; Particulates; PM10; Pollution; Trees; Urban; Woodlands

Indexed keywords

AIR QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; FILTRATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; URBAN AREA; WOODLAND;

AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; ARTICLE; BIOFILTER; FOREST; NONHUMAN; URBAN AREA;

EID: 0031850937     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00016-5     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Alfani, A., Maisto, G., Iovieno, P., Rutigliano, F.A., Bartoli, G., 1996. Leaf contamination by atmospheric pollutants as assessed by elemental analysis of leaf tissue, leaf surface deposit and soil. Journal of Plant Physiology 148, 243-248.
2. Arboricultural Association, 1996. Quality Street: The Use of Trees in the Urban Landscape. Conference proceedings, Arboricultural Association, Romsey.
3. Baines, G., 1996. Delivering greener towns and cities, through integrated environmental management. In: Urban Trees - Costing the Benefits. Conference proceedings, Chartered Institute of Water and Environmental Management, London.
4. 2 pollution on the concentrations of carbohydrates and nitrogen in tree leaves. Canadian Journal of Botany 67, 2106-2113.
5. Black Country Urban Forestry Unit (BCUFU), 1995. The Black Country Urban Forest: a Strategy for its Development. Black Country Urban Forestry Unit, West Midlands.
6. Bleweiss, G., Werker, E., Peleg, M., 1985. Air-pollution effects on Cedrus libani trees - a case study. Environmental Conservation 12, 70-73.
7. Boubel, R.W., Fox, D.L., Turner, D.B., Stern, A.C., 1994. Fundamentals of Air Pollution. Academic Press, San Diego.
8. Bradley, D., 1994. Christmas trees provide pollution solution. New Scientist 144 (1957-1958), 14.
9. Bradshaw, A., Hunt, B., Walmsley, T., 1995. Trees in the Urban Landscape: Principles and Practice. E. and F.N. Spon, London.
10. Brandt, C.J., Rhoades, R.W., 1973. Effects of limestone dust accumulation on lateral growth of forest trees. Environmental Pollution 4, 207-213.
11. Burkhardt, J., Peters, K., Crossley, A., 1995. The presence of structural surface waxes on coniferous needles affects the pattern of dry deposition of fine particles. Journal of Experimental Botany 46, 823-831.
12. Caborn, J.M., 1965. Shelterbelts and Windbreaks. Faber and Faber, London.
13. Cadle, R.D., 1966. Particles in the Atmosphere and Space. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York.
14. Chamberlain, A.C., 1975. The movement of particles in plant communities. In: Monteith, J.L. (Ed.). Vegetation and the Atmosphere, Vol. 1. Academic Press, London, pp. 155-203.
15. Chamberlain, A.C., Little, P., 1981. Transport and capture of particles by vegetation. In: Grace, J., Ford, G., Jarvis, P.G. (Eds.). Plants and Their Atmospheric Environment. Blackwell, London, pp. 147-173.
16. 10 aerosol in Santa Barbara County. CA. Atmospheric Environment 30, 1489-1499.
17. Countryside Commission, 1987. Forestry in the Countryside. Countryside Commission, Cheltenham.
18. Croxford, B., Penn, A., Hillier, B., 1996. Spatial distribution of urban pollution: civilizing urban traffic. Science of the Total Environment 190, 3-9.
19. Crump, D., 1996. Indoor air quality - the ALSPAC study. Proceedings of the 63rd National Society for Clean Air Environmental Protection Conference and Exhibition. National Society for Clean Air, Brighton.
20. Dendro's Log Pile, 1996. Danish city trees fail to leaf this year. The Dendrologist 11, 5.
21. Department of the Environment (DoE), 1990. This Common Inheritance: a Summary of the White Paper on the Environment, Cmnd 1200. HMSO, London.
22. Department of the Environment (DoE), 1994. Sustainable Development: the UK Strategy, Cmnd 2426. HMSO, London.
23. Department of the Environment (DoE), 1995a. Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards: Particles. HMSO, London.
24. Department of the Environment (DoE), 1995b. Biodiversity: the UK Steering Group Report. (Vol. 1, Meeting the Rio challenge: Vol. 2, Action plans.) HMSO, London.
25. Department of the Environment (DoE), 1996. People, Parks and Cities: a Guide to Current Good Practice in Urban Parks. HMSO, London.
26. Department of Health (DoH), 1995a. Commitee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants: Health Effects of Non-biological Particles. HMSO, London.
27. Department of Health (DoH), 1995b. Commitee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants: Asthma and Outdoor Air Pollutants. HMSO, London.
28. Derwent, R.G., 1996. EPAQS recommendations - can they be implemented? Proceedings of the 63rd National Society for Clean Air Environmental Protection Conference and Exhibition. National Society for Clean Air, Brighton.
29. Dickinson, N.M., Turner, A.P., Watmough, S.A., Lepp, N.W., 1992. Acclimation of trees to pollution stress: cellular metal tolerance traits. Annals of Botany 70, 572-596.
30. Dockery, D.W., Pope, A., Xiping, X., Spengler, J.D., Ware, J.H., Fay, M.P.H., Ferris, B.G., Speizer, F.E., 1993. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. New England Journal of Medicine 329, 1753-1759.
31. Edwards, R., 1996. Smog blights babies in the womb. New Scientist 152, 4.
32. 10 and ozone control strategy to improve visibility in the Los Angeles basin. Atmospheric Environment 28, 3277-3283.
33. Farmer, A.M., 1993. The effects of dust on vegetation - a review. Environmental Pollution 79, 63-75.
34. Farmer, A.M., 1995, Reducing the Impact of Air Pollution on the Natural Environment. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.
35. Fatoki, O.S., 1987. Colorimetric determination of lead in tree leaves as indicators of atmospheric pollution. Environment International 13, 369-373.
36. Fatoki, O.S., Ayodele, E.T., 1991. Zinc and copper levels in tree barks as indicators of environmental pollution. Environment International 17, 455-460.
37. Federer, C.A., 1971. Effects of trees in modifying urban microclimate. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Role of Trees in the South's Urban Environment. US Department of Agriculture and Forest Service, pp. 23-29.
38. Fenn, M.E., Byterowicz, A., 1997. Summer throughfall and winter deposition in the San Bernardino mountains in southern California. Atmospheric Environment 31, 673-683.
39. Fergusson, J.E., Hayes, R.W., Yong, T.S., Thiew, S.H., 1980. Heavy metal pollution by traffic in Christchurch, New Zealand: lead and cadmium content of dust, soil, and plant samples. New Zealand Journal of Science 23, 293-310.
40. Flückiger, W., Oertli, J.J., Flückiger, H., 1979. Relationship between stomatal diffusive resistance and various applied particle sizes on leaf surfaces. Zeitschrift der Pflanzenphysiol. 91, 173-175.
41. Freer-Smith, P.H., Broadmeadow, M.S.J., 1996. Urban Woodland and the Benefits for Local Air Quality. Arboriculture Advisory and Information Service Research Note, Farnham.
42. Freer-Smith, P.H., Holloway, S., Goodman, A., 1997. The uptake of particulates by an urban woodland: site description and particulate composition. Environmental Pollution 95, 27-35.
43. Fritschen, L.J., Edmonds, R., 1976. Dispersion of fluorescent particles into and within a douglas fir forest. In: Symposium on Atmosphere-Surface Exchange of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants. Energy Research & Development Administrative Symposium Series No. 38, USA.
44. Godzik, S., Florkowski, T., Piorek, S., Sassen, M.A., 1979. An attempt to determine the tissue contamination of Quercus robur L. and Pinus sylvestris L. foliage by particulates from zinc and lead smelters. Environmental Pollution 18, 97-106.
45. Good, J.E.G., 1990. Air pollution and tree health in relation to arboriculture. In: Hodge, S.J. (Ed.). Forestry Commission Bulletin 97: Research for practical arboriculture. HMSO, London, pp. 107-119.
46. Greenhalgh, L., Worpole, K., 1995. Park Life: Urban Parks and Social Renewal. Comedia and Demos, Gloucester and London.
47. Gregory, P.H., 1973. The Microbiology of the Atmosphere. Clarke, Doble and Brendon, Plymouth.
48. Hamer, M., 1996. Clean air strategy fails to tackle traffic. New Scientist 151 (2045), 6.
49. Holgate, S., 1996. Air quality and health: is there an association with asthma? Proceedings from the 63rd National Society for Clean Air Environmental Protection Conference and Exhibition. National Society for Clean Air, Brighton.
50. Huttunen, S., Ruonala, K., 1994. Comparisons of leaf surface structures of elm, oak, and maple in urban and rural trees. In: Abstracts from the Thirty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Electron Microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructure and Molecular Structure Research 94, 280.
51. Impens, R.A., Delcarte, E., 1979. Survey of urban trees in Brussels. Belgium. Journal of Arboriculture 5, 169-176.
52. Janssen, N.A.H., Van Mansom, D.F.M., Van Der Jagt, K., Harssema, H., Hoek, G., 1997. Mass concentration and elemental composition of airborne participate matter at street and background locations. Atmospheric Environment 31, 1185-1193.
53. Jones, N., 1996. Woodland versus grassland. Horticulture Week (August 29), 24-26.
54. Kahle, H., 1993. Response of roots of trees to heavy metals. Environmental and Experimental Botany 33, 99-119.
55. Kazimir, J., Clarke, B., Brennan, E., 1982. Trees indicate decreased lead pollution along New Jersey highways. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 32, 957-958.
56. Killham, K., Wainwright, M., 1982. Determination of the extent of air pollution contamination of a woodland ecosystem sited downwind of a coking works. Environmental Technology Letters 3, 75-78.
57. Kleiner, K., 1997. Clean air plans steeped in confusion. New Scientist 153 (2069), 8.
58. Kovács, M., Podani, J., Klincsek, P., Dinka, M., Török, K., 1981. Element composition of the leaves of some deciduous trees and the biological indication of heavy metals in an urban-industrial environment. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 27, 43-52.
59. Krishnamurthy, R., Srinivas, T., Bhagwat, K.A., 1994. Effect of air pollution on some bund trees of the agricultural lands. Journal of Environmental Biology 15, 97-106.
60. Kulshreshtha, K., Farooqui, A., Srivastava, K., Singh, K.J., Ahmad, K.J., Behl, H.M., 1994. Effect of diesel exhaust pollution on cuticular and epidermal features of Lantana camara L. and Syzygium cuminii L. (Skeels.). Journal of Environmental Science and Health A29, 301-308.
61. Lin, Z.Q., Schuepp, P.H., 1995. Trace metal contamination in and on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L) Mill.) foliage in southern Quebec, Canada. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 81, 175-191.
62. Lohr, V.I., Pearson-Mims, C.H., 1996. Particulate matter accumulation on horizontal surfaces in interiors: influence of foliage plants. Atmospheric Environment 30, 2565-2568.
63. Lyons, T.J., Scott, W.D., 1990. Principles of air pollution meteorology. Belhaven Press, London.
64. MacKenzie, J.J., El-Ashry, M.T. (Eds.), 1989. Air Pollution's Toll on Forests and Crops. Yale University Press, New Haven.
65. Madders, M., Lawrence, M.I.G., 1981. The role of woodland in air pollution control. Quarterly Journal of Forestry 76, 256-261.
66. Manning, W.J., Feder, W.A., 1980. Biomonitoring Air Pollutants With Plants. Applied Science Publishers, London.
67. McClenahen, J.R., Dochinger, L.S., 1981. Tree seedling growth and leaf element accumulation in open-top chambers near an urban-industrial area. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 11, 274-280.
68. McPherson, E.G., Nowak, D.J., Rowntree, R.E., 1994. Chicago's Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. USDA General Technical Report NE-186.
69. Mitchell, A., Jobling, J., 1984. Decorative Trees for Country, Town and Garden. HMSO, London.
70. Meteorological Office, 1978. A Course in Elementary Meteorology. HMSO, London.
71. Moll, G., 1996. Using geographic information systems (GIS) to analyse the value of urban ecosystems. In: Urban Trees - Costing The Benefits. Conference proceedings. Chartered Institute of Water and Environmental Management, London.
72. 10) and total suspended particulates (TSP) in urban, rural, and alpine air in Switzerland. Atmospheric Environment 29, 2565-2573.
73. Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 1961. Trees in Town and City. HMSO, London.
74. Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 1962, The Green Belts. HMSO, London.
75. Nowak, D.J., 1995. Trees pollute? A 'TREE' explains it all. In: Kollin, C., Barratt, M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 7th National Urban Forest Conference, pp. 28-30. American Forests, Washington, DC.
76. Nowak, D.J., McHale, P.J., Ibarra, M., Crane, D., Stevens, J.C., Luley, C.J., 1997. Modeling the effects of urban vegetation on air pollution. In: 22nd NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application, pp. 276-282. NATO/CCMS, Brussels.
77. Pagel, A.A., 1983. Urban releaf: a million trees for Los Angeles. American Forests 89, 22-58.
78. Pawinska, M., 1996. Putting parks in the spotlight. Horticulture Week (October 3), 17.
79. Pope, C.A., III, Bates, D.V., Raizenne, M.E., 1995. Health effects of paniculate air pollution: time for reassesment? Environmental Health Perspectives 103, 472-480.
80. Potter, S., 1997. The national air quality strategy. Research paper 96/ 33. House of Commons Library, London.
81. Prus-Glowacki, W., Godzik, S.T., 1995. Genetic structure of Picea abies trees tolerant and sensitive to industrial pollution, Silvae Genetica 44, 62-65.
82. Pyatt, F.B., 1973. Some aspects of plant contamination by air borne paniculate pollutants. International Journal of Environmental Studies 5, 215-220.
83. Pye, K., 1987. Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
84. Quality of Urban Air Review Group (QUARG), 1996. Airborne Particulate Matter in the United Kingdom: Third Report of the Quality of Urban Air Review Group. QUARG, Birmingham.
85. Ricks, G.R., Williams, R.J.H., 1974. Effects of atmospheric pollution on deciduous woodland part 2: effects of particulate matter upon stomatal diffusion resistance in leaves of Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Leibl. Environmental Pollution 6, 87-109.
86. Sawidis, T., Marnasidis, A., Zachariadis, G., Stratis, J., 1995. A study of air pollution with heavy metals in Thessaloniki City (Greece) using trees as biological indicators. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 28, 118-124.
87. Scorer, R.S., 1973. Pollution in the Air. Routledge and Keegan Paul, London.
88. Shkaraba, E.M., Perevedentseva, L.G., 1991. Consortium of forest plants and fungi under conditions of industrial pollution. Soviet Journal of Ecology 22, 350-354.
89. Singh, N., Yunus, M., Srivastava, K., Singh, S.N., Pandey, V., Misra, J., Ahmad, K.J., 1995. Monitoring of auto exhaust pollution by roadside plants. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 34, 13-25.
90. Spitsyna, N.T., Skripal'shchikova, L.N., 1991. Phytomass and dust accumulation of birch forests near open-pit mines. Soviet Journal of Ecology 22, 354-359.
91. Street, R.A., Duckham, S.C., Hewitt, C.N., 1996. Laboratory and filed studies of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong.) in the United Kingdom. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 101, 22799-22806.
92. Sturaro, A., Parvoli, G., Doretti, L., 1993. Plane tree bark as a passive sampler of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban environment. Journal of Chromatography 643, 435-438.
93. Thoday, P., 1996. The importance of selecting appropriate planting material. In: Quality Street: The Use of Trees in the Urban Landscape. Conference proceedings. Arboricultural Association, Romsey.
94. Thompson, J.R., Mueller, P.W., Flückiger, W., Rutter, A.J., 1984. The effect of dust on photosynthesis and its significance for roadside plants. Environmental Pollution 34, 171-190.
95. Tong, S.T.Y., 1991. The retention of copper and lead particulate matter in plant foliage and forest soil. Environment International 17, 31-37.
96. United Nations Environment Programme and World Health Organisation (UNEP and WHO), 1993. Urban Air Pollution in Megacities of the World. Blackwell Reference, London.
97. Vedal, S., 1995. Health Effects of Inhalable Particles: Implications for British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, British Columbia.
98. Vlasenko, V.E., Menshchikov, S.L., Makhnev, A.K., 1995. State and resistance of coniferous forests under conditions of aerotechnogenic pollution in the middle Urals. Russian Journal of Ecology 26, 168-171.
99. Wang, E.X., Bormann, F.H., Benoit, G., 1995, Evidence of complete retention of atmospheric lead in the soils of northern hardwood forested ecosystems. Environmental Science and Technology 29, 735-739.
100. White, E.J., Turner, F., 1970. A method of estimating income of nutrients in a catch of airborne particles by a woodland canopy. Journal of Applied Ecology 7, 441-461.
101. Whitelegg, J., 1994. Traffic and health. In: Curtis, C.J., Reed, J.M., Battarbee, R.W., Harrison, R.M. (Eds.). Urban Air Pollution and Public Health: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Friday 23 September, 1994. Environmental Change Research Centre, London.
102. Zummo, S.M., Karol, M.H., 1996. Indoor air pollution - acute adverse health effects and host susceptibility. Journal of Environmental Health 58, 25-29.