Picosecond pulsed two-photon imaging with repetition rates of 200 and 400 MHz

Journal of Microscopy

Volumn 191, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 28-38

  Bewersdorf, J ^a   Hell, S W ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

Author keywords

1064nm; Confocal; Fibre coupling; Fluorescence; Microscopy; Multiphoton; Picosecond; Repetition rate; Resolution; Two photon

Indexed keywords

FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; FLUOROPHORES; INFRARED DEVICES; OPTICAL PUMPING; PHOTONS; PULSE REPETITION RATE;

1064NM; CONFOCAL; FIBER COUPLINGS; HIGH RESOLUTION; MULTIPHOTONS; PICOSECONDS; REPETITION RATE; RESOLUTION; TWO PHOTON; TWO PHOTON IMAGING;

SAPPHIRE;

FLUORINE; IONOPHORE;

ARTICLE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; DIODE LASER; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PHOTON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY;

EID: 0031830885     PISSN: 00222720     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.00379.x     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Buist, A.H., Müller, M., Gijsberg, E.J., Brakenhoff, G.J., Sosnowski, T.S., Norris, T.B. & Squier, J. (1997) Double-pulse fluorescence lifetime measurements. J. Microsc. 186, 212-220.
2. Curley, P.P., Ferguson, A.I., White, J.G. & Amos, W.B. (1992) Applications of a femtosecond self-sustained mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser to the field of laser scanning confocal microscopy. Opt. Quantum Electron. 24, 851-859.
3. Denk, W. (1996) Two-photon excitation in functional biological imaging. J. Biomed. Opt. 1, 296-304.
4. Denk, W., Piston, D.W. & Webb, W.W. (1995) Two-photon molecular excitation in laser scanning microscopy. Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy (ed. by J. Pawley), Plenum Press, New York.
5. Denk, W., Strickler, J.H. & Webb, W.W. (1990) Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Science, 248, 73-76.
6. Denk, W. & Svoboda, K. (1997) Photon upmanship - why multiphoton imaging is more than a gimmick. Neuron, 18, 351-357.
7. Eggeling, C., Brand, L. & Seidel, C.A.M. (1997) Laser-induced fluorescence of coumarin derivatives in aqueous solution: photochemical aspects of single molecule detection. Bioimaging, 5, 105-115.
8. Hänninen, P.E., Schrader, M., Soini, E. & Hell, S.W. (1995) Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy using a semiconductor laser. Bioimaging, 3, 70-75.
9. Hänninen, P.E., Soini, E. & Hell, S.W. (1994) Continuous wave excitation two-photon fluorescence microscopy. J. Microsc. 176, 222-225.
10. Hell, S.W., Hänninen, P.E., Kuusisto, A., Schrader, M. & Soini, E. (1995) Annular aperture 2-photon excitation microscopy. Opt. Commun. 117, 20-24.
11. Hell, S.W., Reiner, G., Cremer, C. & Stelzer, E.H.K. (1993) Aberrations in confocal fluorescence microscopy induced by mismatches in refractive index. J. Microsc. 169, 391-405.
12. Hell, S.W., Schrader, M. & van der Voort, H.T.M. (1997) Far-field fluorescence microscopy with three-dimensional resolution in the 100 nm range. J. Microsc. 185, 1-5.
13. Hell, S. & Stelzer, E.H.K. (1992) Fundamental improvement of resolution with a 4Pi-confocal fluorescence microscope using two-photon excitation. Opt. Commun. 93, 277-282.
14. Keller, U. (1996) Materials and new approaches for ultrashort pulse lasers. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 1, 218-224.
15. König, K., Hong, L., Berns, M.W. & Tromberg, B.J. (1995a) Cell damage by near-IR microbeams. Nature, 377, 20-21.
16. König, K., Liu, Y., Sonek, G.J., Berns, M.W. & Tomberg, B.J. (1995b) Autofluorescence spectroscopy of optically trapped cells. Photochem. Photobiol. 62, 830-835.
17. König, K., So, P.C.T., Mantulin, W.W., Tromberg, B.J. & Gratton, E. (1996) Two-photon excited lifetime imaging of autofluorescence in cells during UVA and NIR photostress. J. Microsc. 183, 197-204.
18. Liu, Y., Cheng, D.K., Sonek, G.J., Berns, M.W., Chapman, C.F. & Tromberg, B.J. (1995) Evidence for localised cell heating induced by optical tweezers. Biophys. J. 68, 2137-2144.
19. Müller, M., Ghauharali, R., Visscher, K. & Brakenhoff, G.J. (1995) Double-pulse fluorescence lifetime imaging in confocal microscopy. J. Microsc. 177, 171-179.
20. Potter, S.M. (1996) Vital imaging: two photons are better than one. Curr. Biol. 6, 1595-1598.
21. Robertson, G., Armstrong, D., Dymott, M.J.P., Ferguson, A.I. & Hogg, G.L. (1997) Two-photon fluorescence microscopy with a diode-pumped Cr:LiSAF laser. Appl. Opt. 36, 2481-2483.
22. Schönle, A. & Hell, S.W. (1998) Heating by absorption in the focus of an objective lens. Opt. Lett. 23, 325-327.
23. Soeller, C. & Canell, M.B. (1996) Construction of a two-photon microscope and optimisation of illumination pulse duration. Pflüg. Arch. Eur. J. Physiol. 432, 555-561.
24. Stelzer, E.H.K., Hell, S., Lindek, S., Pick, R., Storz, C., Stricker, R., Ritter, G. & Salmon, N. (1994) Non-linear absorption extends confocal fluorescence microscopy into the ultra-violet regime and confines the illumination volume. Opt. Commun. 104, 223-228.
25. Svoboda, K., Denk, W., Knox, W.H. & Tsuda, S. (1996) Two-photon-excitation scanning microscopy of living neurons with a saturable Bragg reflector mode-locked diode-pumped Cr:LiSrAlFl laser. Opt. Lett. 21, 1411-1413.
26. Wokosin, D.L., Centonze, V.E., Crittenden, S. & White, J. (1996) Three-photon excitation fluorescence imaging of biological specimens using an all-solid-state laser. Bioimaging, 4, 208-214.
27. Xu, C., Williams, R.M., Zipfel, W. & Webb, W.W. (1996) Multi-photon excitation cross sections of molecular fluorophores. Bioimaging, 4, 198-207.