The pollination ecology of five species of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) in the tallgrass prairie

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

Volumn 85, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 126-136

  Clinebell II, Richard R ^a   Bernhardt, Peter ^a  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHOPORA TERMINALIS; AUGOCHLORELLA; BOMBUS NEVADENSIS; BOMBUS PENNSYLVANICUS; CERATINA; HALICTUS; HOPLITIS; HYLAEUS; LASIOGLOSSUM; MEGACHILE BREVIS; OSMIA; PENSTEMON COBAEA; PENSTEMON DIGITALIS; PENSTEMON GRANDIFLORUS; PENSTEMON PALLIDUS; PENSTEMON TUBAEFLORUS; PSEUDOMASARIS OCCIDENTALIS; SYNHALONIA HAMATA;

EID: 0031827637     PISSN: 00266493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2992002     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (44)

1. Armbruster, W. S. 1993. Evolution of plant pollination systems: Hypotheses and tests with the neotropical vine Dalechampia. Evolution 47: 1480-1505.
2. Barth, F. G. 1985. Insects and Flowers; The Biology of A Partnership. George Alien & Unwin, Princeton, New Jersey.
3. Bernhardt, P. 1990a. Pollination ecology of Oxalis violacea (Oxalidaceae) following a controlled grass fire. Pl. Syst. Evol. 171: 147-155.
4. _. 1990b. Anthecology of Schrankia nuttallii (Mimosaeeae) on the tallgrass prairie. Pl. Syst. Evol. 170: 247-255.
5. _. 1993. Natural Affairs; A Botanist Looks at the Attachments Between Plants and People. Villard, New York.
6. _. 1996. Anther adaptations in animal pollination. Pp. 192-220 in W. G. D'Arcy & R. C. Keating (editors), The Anther; Form, Function and Phylogeny. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge, U.K.
7. _ & E. A. Montalvo. 1979. The pollination of Eckeandia macrocarpa (Lilaceae). Brittonia 31: 64-71.
8. _ & P. Weston. 1996. The pollination ecology of Persuonia (Proteaceae) in eastern Australia. Telopea 6: 775-803.
9. Breedlove, D. E. 1969. The systematics of Fuchsia Seclion Encliandra (Onagraceae). Univ. California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
10. Buchmann, S. I., C. E. Jones & L. J. Colin. 1978. Vibratile pollination of Solanum douglasii and S. xanti (Solanaceae) in southern California. Wasmann J. Biol. 35: 1-25.
11. Clements, F. E. & F. Long. 1923. Experimental pollination. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 336: 1-274.
12. Conover, W. J. 1980. Practical Nonparametric Stahstics, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
13. Crosswhite, F. S. 1965. Revision of Penstemon (Sect. Penstemon) Series Graciles with a Synopsis of the Genus. Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Wisconsin. Madison.
14. _ & C. D. Crosswhite. 1966. Insect pollinators of Penslemon series Graciles (Scrophulariaceae) with notes on Oxmia and other Megachilidae. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 76: 450-467.
15. Dafni, A. 1993. Pollination Ecology; A Practical Approach. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
16. Evers, R. A. 1955. Hill prairies of Illinois. Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. 26: 409-110.
17. Freeman, C. C. 1981. A Biosystematic Study of the Genus Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) in the Great Plains. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
18. _ & L. C. Hulbert. 1985. An annotated list of the vascular flora of Konza Prairie Research Natural Area. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 88: 84-115.
19. Goldblatt, P., J. C. Manning & P. Bernhardt. 1995. Pollination biology of Lapeirousia subgenus Lapdrousia (Iridaceae) in southern Africa: Floral divergence and adaptation for long-tongued fly pollination. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82: 517-534.
20. Grant, K. A. & V. Grant. 1968. Hummingbirds and Their Flowers. Columbia Univ. Press, New York and London.
21. Grant, V. 1976. Isolation between Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescene: A reply and reconsideration. Evolution 30: 625-628.
22. _. 1994. Modes and origins of mechanical and ethological isolation in angiospenns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 3-10.
23. Heinrich, B. 1979. Bumblebee Economies. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge and London.
24. Kampny, C. M. 1995. Pollination and floral diversity in Scrophulariaceae. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 61: 350-366.
25. Keck, D. D. 1938. Studies in Penstemon VI. The section Aurator. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 65: 233-255.
26. Lawson, R. H., V. H. Tepedino & T. L. Griswold. 1989. Pollen collectors and other insect visitors to Penstemon haydenii S. Wats. Pp. 233-235 In T. B. Bragg & J. Stubbendieck (editors), Proceedings of the Eleventh North American Prairie Conference.
27. Macior, L. W. 1975. The pollination of Delphinium tricorne (Ranunculaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 10: 1009-1016.
28. _. 1982. Plant community and pollinator dynamics in the evolution of pollination mechanisms in Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae). Pp. 29-15 in J. A. Armstrong. J. M. Powell & A. J. Richards (editors), Pollination and Evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, NSW. Australia.
29. Medler, J. T. 1962. Morphometric studies on bumblebees. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 55: 212-218.
30. Michener, C. D., R. J. McGinley & B. N. Danforth. 1994. The Bee Genera of North and Central America (Hymenoplera: Apoidea). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., and London.
31. Ochs, C. 1993. An Ecological Survey of the Litzsinger Road Ecology Center. Education Department. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
32. Ogden, E. C., G. S. Raynor, J. V. Hayes, D. M. Lewis & J. H. Haines. 1974. Manual for Sampling Air-borne Pollen. Hafner Press, New York.
33. Pennell, F. W. 1935. Penstemon. In Scrophulariaceae of eastern temperate North America. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr. 1: 196-273.
34. Proctor, M., P. Yeo & A. Lack. 1996. The Natural History of Pollination. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
35. Robertson, C. 1892. Flowers and Insects, Asclepiadaceae to Scrophulariaceae. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 5: 569-598.
36. _. 1929. Flowers and Insects. C. Robertson. Carlinville, Illinois.
37. Scheniske, D. W. 1978. Evolution of reproductive characteristics in Impatiens (Balsaminiaceae): The significance of cleistogamy and chasmogamy. Ecology 59: 596-613.
38. Solecki, M. K., J. B. Taft. E. A. Cook & P. S. Haverland. 1986. Vegetational Composition of Three Missouri Tall-grass Prairies with Reference to Past Management. Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri, Jefferson City.
39. Straw, R. M. 1956. Floral isolation in Penstemon. Amer. Naturalist 90: 46-53.
40. Toney, T. E. [undated]. Public Prairies of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.
41. Waser, N. M., L. Chittka, M. V. Price, N. M. Williams & J. Ollerton. 1996. Generalization in pollination systems and why it matters. Ecology 77: 1043-1060.
42. Wolfe, A. D. & W. J. Elisens. 1993. Diploid hybrid speciation in Penstemon revisited. Amer. J. Bot. 80: 1082-1094.
43. _, W. J. Elisens. L. E. Watson & C. W. dePamphilis. 1997. Using restriction-site variation of PCR-amplified cpDNA genes for phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cheloneae (Scrophulariaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 84: 555-564.
44. Yatskievych, G. & J. Turner. 1990. Catalogue of the Flora of Missouri. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 37: 1-345.