메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 245, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 253-260

Maternal investment and factors affecting offspring size in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)

Author keywords

Hudson Bay; Maternal investment; Polar bears; Reproduction; Sex ratio; Ursus maritimus

Indexed keywords

BEAR; BODY SIZE; MATERNAL CARE; PARENT-OFFSPRING INTERACTION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT;

EID: 0031823148     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S095283699800702X     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 0023485542 scopus 로고
    • Early development and population dynamics in red deer: II. Density-independent effects and cohort variation
    • Albon, S. D., Clutton-Brock, T. H. & Guinness, F. E. (1987). Early development and population dynamics in red deer: II. Density-independent effects and cohort variation. J. Anim. Ecol. 56: 69-81.
    • (1987) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.56 , pp. 69-81
    • Albon, S.D.1    Clutton-Brock, T.H.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 2
    • 0029667234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk consumption and growth efficiency in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella)
    • Arnould, J. P. Y., Boyd, I. L. & Socha, D. G. (1996). Milk consumption and growth efficiency in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella). Can. J. Zool. 74: 254-266.
    • (1996) Can. J. Zool. , vol.74 , pp. 254-266
    • Arnould, J.P.Y.1    Boyd, I.L.2    Socha, D.G.3
  • 3
    • 0028165792 scopus 로고
    • Milk production and milk consumption in polar boars during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay
    • Arnould, J. P. Y. & Ramsay, M. A. (1994). Milk production and milk consumption in polar boars during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay. Can. J. Zool. 72: 1365-1370.
    • (1994) Can. J. Zool. , vol.72 , pp. 1365-1370
    • Arnould, J.P.Y.1    Ramsay, M.A.2
  • 4
    • 0030442320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth in early life and relative body size among polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
    • Atkinson, S. N., Stirling, I. & Ramsay, M. A. (1996). Growth in early life and relative body size among polar bears (Ursus maritimus). J. Zool. (Lond.) 239: 225-234.
    • (1996) J. Zool. (Lond.) , vol.239 , pp. 225-234
    • Atkinson, S.N.1    Stirling, I.2    Ramsay, M.A.3
  • 5
    • 85005634797 scopus 로고
    • Weaning conflict in desert and mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): An ecological interpretation
    • Berger, J. (1979). Weaning conflict in desert and mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): an ecological interpretation. Z. Tierpsychol. 50: 188-200.
    • (1979) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.50 , pp. 188-200
    • Berger, J.1
  • 6
    • 0024882885 scopus 로고
    • Pre-natal investment in reproduction by female Antarctic fur seals
    • Boyd, I. L. & McCann, T. S. (1989). Pre-natal investment in reproduction by female Antarctic fur seals, Behav, Ecol. Sociobiol. 24: 377-385.
    • (1989) Behav, Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.24 , pp. 377-385
    • Boyd, I.L.1    McCann, T.S.2
  • 7
    • 0025205889 scopus 로고
    • Sex-specific maternal investment in pronghorn, and the question of a limit on differential provisioning in ungulates
    • Byers, J. A. & Moodie, J. D. (1990). Sex-specific maternal investment in pronghorn, and the question of a limit on differential provisioning in ungulates. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26: 157-164
    • (1990) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.26 , pp. 157-164
    • Byers, J.A.1    Moodie, J.D.2
  • 8
    • 0000658693 scopus 로고
    • Equal investment in male and female offspring in southern elephant seals
    • Campagna, C., Le Boeuf, B. J., Lewis, M. & Bisioli, C. (1992). Equal investment in male and female offspring in southern elephant seals. J. Zool. (Lond.) 226: 551-561.
    • (1992) J. Zool. (Lond.) , vol.226 , pp. 551-561
    • Campagna, C.1    Le Boeuf, B.J.2    Lewis, M.3    Bisioli, C.4
  • 9
    • 0026336090 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in newborn southern sea lions
    • Cappozzo, H. L., Campagna, C. & Monserrat, J. (1991). Sexual dimorphism in newborn southern sea lions. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 7: 385-394.
    • (1991) Mar. Mamm. Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 385-394
    • Cappozzo, H.L.1    Campagna, C.2    Monserrat, J.3
  • 11
    • 0000804779 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment in male and female offspring in polygynous mammals
    • Clutton-Brock, T. H., Albon, S. D. & Guinness, F. E. (1981). Parental investment in male and female offspring in polygynous mammals. Nature (Lond.) 289: 487-489.
    • (1981) Nature (Lond.) , vol.289 , pp. 487-489
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Albon, S.D.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 12
    • 0021890391 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and sex differences in juvenile mortality in birds and mammals
    • Clutton-Brock, T. H., Albon, S. D. & Guinness, F. E. (1985). Parental investment and sex differences in juvenile mortality in birds and mammals. Nature (Lond.) 313: 131-133.
    • (1985) Nature (Lond.) , vol.313 , pp. 131-133
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Albon, S.D.2    Guinness, F.E.3
  • 14
    • 0344218964 scopus 로고
    • Supernumerary mammae and nipples in the polar bear (Ursus maritimius)
    • Derocher, A. E. (1990). Supernumerary mammae and nipples in the polar bear (Ursus maritimius). J. Mammal. 71: 236-237.
    • (1990) J. Mammal. , vol.71 , pp. 236-237
    • Derocher, A.E.1
  • 16
    • 0027487705 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of milk composition and lactation in polar bears
    • Derocher, A. E., Andriashek, D. & Arnould, J. P. Y. (1993). Aspects of milk composition and lactation in polar bears. Can. J. Zool. 71: 561-567.
    • (1993) Can. J. Zool. , vol.71 , pp. 561-567
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Andriashek, D.2    Arnould, J.P.Y.3
  • 17
    • 0000262090 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fasting and feeding on serum urea and serum creatinine levels in polar bears
    • Derocher, A. E., Nelson, R. A., Stirling, I. & Ramsay, M. A. (1990). Effects of fasting and feeding on serum urea and serum creatinine levels in polar bears. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 6: 196-203.
    • (1990) Mar. Mamm. Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 196-203
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Nelson, R.A.2    Stirling, I.3    Ramsay, M.A.4
  • 18
    • 0025631141 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay
    • Derocher, A. E. & Stirling, I. (1990). Distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay. Can. J. Zool. 68: 1395-1403.
    • (1990) Can. J. Zool. , vol.68 , pp. 1395-1403
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Stirling, I.2
  • 19
    • 0028564406 scopus 로고
    • Age-specific reproductive performance of female polar bears
    • Derocher, A. E. & Stirling, I. (1994). Age-specific reproductive performance of female polar bears. J. Zool. (Lond.) 234: 527-536.
    • (1994) J. Zool. (Lond.) , vol.234 , pp. 527-536
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Stirling, I.2
  • 20
    • 0028995648 scopus 로고
    • Temporal variation in reproduction and body mass of polar bears in western Hudson Bay
    • Derocher, A. E. & Stirling, I. (1995). Temporal variation in reproduction and body mass of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Can. J. Zool. 73: 1657-1665.
    • (1995) Can. J. Zool. , vol.73 , pp. 1657-1665
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Stirling, I.2
  • 21
    • 0029662685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects of survival in juvenile polar bears
    • Derocher, A. E. & Stirling, I. (1996). Aspects of survival in juvenile polar bears. Can. J. Zool. 74: 1246-1252.
    • (1996) Can. J. Zool. , vol.74 , pp. 1246-1252
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Stirling, I.2
  • 22
    • 0026526675 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy rates and serum progesterone levels of polar bears in western Hudson Bay
    • Derocher, A. E., Stirling. I. & Andriashek, D. (1992). Pregnancy rates and serum progesterone levels of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Can. J. Zool. 70: 561-566.
    • (1992) Can. J. Zool. , vol.70 , pp. 561-566
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Stirling, I.2    Andriashek, D.3
  • 23
    • 0025528034 scopus 로고
    • Sex allocation theory for birds and mammals
    • Frank, S. A. (1990). Sex allocation theory for birds and mammals. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21: 13-55.
    • (1990) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.21 , pp. 13-55
    • Frank, S.A.1
  • 24
    • 0006292388 scopus 로고
    • Fitting the von Bertalanffy growth equations to polar bear age-weight data
    • Kingsley, M. C. S. (1979). Fitting the von Bertalanffy growth equations to polar bear age-weight data. Can. J. Zool. 57: 1020-1025.
    • (1979) Can. J. Zool. , vol.57 , pp. 1020-1025
    • Kingsley, M.C.S.1
  • 26
    • 0026300948 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive variation in sex ratios of offspring in nutritionally stressed mule deer
    • Kucera, T. E. (1991). Adaptive variation in sex ratios of offspring in nutritionally stressed mule deer. J. Mammal. 72: 745-749.
    • (1991) J. Mammal. , vol.72 , pp. 745-749
    • Kucera, T.E.1
  • 27
    • 0001417033 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between free-ranging, adult male polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps): A case of adult social play
    • Latour, P. B. (1981). Interactions between free-ranging, adult male polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps): a case of adult social play. Can. J. Zool. 59: 1775-1783.
    • (1981) Can. J. Zool. , vol.59 , pp. 1775-1783
    • Latour, P.B.1
  • 28
    • 0024900278 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and the secondary sex ratio in northern elephant seals
    • Le Boeuf, B. J., Condit, R. & Reiter, J. (1989). Parental investment and the secondary sex ratio in northern elephant seals. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 25: 109-117.
    • (1989) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.25 , pp. 109-117
    • Le Boeuf, B.J.1    Condit, R.2    Reiter, J.3
  • 29
    • 0001321859 scopus 로고
    • Early maternal investment in male and female African elephant calves
    • Lee, P. C. & Moss, C. J. (1986). Early maternal investment in male and female African elephant calves. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 18: 353-361.
    • (1986) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.18 , pp. 353-361
    • Lee, P.C.1    Moss, C.J.2
  • 30
    • 0001350054 scopus 로고
    • A new theory of sexual investment
    • Maynard-Smith, J. (1980). A new theory of sexual investment. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 7: 247-251.
    • (1980) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.7 , pp. 247-251
    • Maynard-Smith, J.1
  • 31
    • 0017250517 scopus 로고
    • The logic of asymmetric contests
    • Maynard-Smith. J. & Parker, G. A. (1976). The logic of asymmetric contests. Anim. Behav. 24: 159-175.
    • (1976) Anim. Behav. , vol.24 , pp. 159-175
    • Maynard-Smith, J.1    Parker, G.A.2
  • 32
    • 0024882844 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment in southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina
    • McCann, T. S., Fedak, M. A. & Harwood, J. (1989). Parental investment in southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 25: 81-87.
    • (1989) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.25 , pp. 81-87
    • McCann, T.S.1    Fedak, M.A.2    Harwood, J.3
  • 33
    • 0023512468 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment in offspring in variable environments: Theoretical and empirical considerations
    • McGinley, M. A., Temme, D. H. & Geber, M. A. (1987). Parental investment in offspring in variable environments: theoretical and empirical considerations. Am. Nat. 130: 370-398.
    • (1987) Am. Nat. , vol.130 , pp. 370-398
    • McGinley, M.A.1    Temme, D.H.2    Geber, M.A.3
  • 34
    • 0003201882 scopus 로고
    • The physiology and evolution of delayed implantation in carnivores
    • Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.). Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press
    • Mead, R. A. (1989). The physiology and evolution of delayed implantation in carnivores. In Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution: 437-464. Gittleman, J. L. (Ed.). Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
    • (1989) Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution , pp. 437-464
    • Mead, R.A.1
  • 35
    • 0022850369 scopus 로고
    • On the mating system of polar bears
    • Ramsay, M. A. & Stirling, I. (1986). On the mating system of polar bears. Can. J. Zool 64: 2142-2151.
    • (1986) Can. J. Zool , vol.64 , pp. 2142-2151
    • Ramsay, M.A.1    Stirling, I.2
  • 36
    • 84986739496 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology and ecology of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
    • Ramsay, M. A. & Stirling, I. (1988). Reproductive biology and ecology of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). J. Zool. (Lond.) 214: 601-634.
    • (1988) J. Zool. (Lond.) , vol.214 , pp. 601-634
    • Ramsay, M.A.1    Stirling, I.2
  • 37
    • 0001610830 scopus 로고
    • Northern elephant seal development: The transition from weaning to nutritional independence
    • Reiter, J., Stinson, N. L. & Le Boeuf, B. J. (1978). Northern elephant seal development: the transition from weaning to nutritional independence. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 3: 337-367.
    • (1978) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.3 , pp. 337-367
    • Reiter, J.1    Stinson, N.L.2    Le Boeuf, B.J.3
  • 38
    • 0004282518 scopus 로고
    • Cary, NC, U.S.A.: SAS Institute Inc.
    • SAS Institute Inc. (1989). SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6. Cary, NC, U.S.A.: SAS Institute Inc.
    • (1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6
  • 39
    • 0000476224 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears
    • Stirling, I. & Derocher, A. E. (1990). Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears, Int. Conf. Bear Biol Manage. 8: 189-204.
    • (1990) Int. Conf. Bear Biol Manage. , vol.8 , pp. 189-204
    • Stirling, I.1    Derocher, A.E.2
  • 41
    • 0024651812 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with Telazol in the Canadian Arctic
    • Stirling, I., Spencer, C. & Andriashek, D. (1989). Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with Telazol in the Canadian Arctic. J. Wildl. Dis. 25: 159-168.
    • (1989) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 159-168
    • Stirling, I.1    Spencer, C.2    Andriashek, D.3
  • 42
    • 0015914379 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring
    • Trivers, R. L. & Willard, D. E. (1973). Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring. Science 179: 90-92.
    • (1973) Science , vol.179 , pp. 90-92
    • Trivers, R.L.1    Willard, D.E.2
  • 43
    • 0028163667 scopus 로고
    • Delayed competitive breeding in roving males
    • Whitehead, H. (1994). Delayed competitive breeding in roving males. J Theor. Biol. 166: 127-133.
    • (1994) J Theor. Biol. , vol.166 , pp. 127-133
    • Whitehead, H.1
  • 44
    • 0001965456 scopus 로고
    • Delayed implantation in the Ursidae, with particular reference to the black bear (Ursus americanus, Pallas)
    • Enders, A. C. (Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Wimsatt, W. A. (1963). Delayed implantation in the Ursidae, with particular reference to the black bear (Ursus americanus, Pallas). In Delayed implantation: 49-86. Enders, A. C. (Ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1963) Delayed Implantation , pp. 49-86
    • Wimsatt, W.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.