메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 1092-1103

The effect of vegetation management on breeding bird communities in British Columbia

Author keywords

Bird community; Diversity; Evenness; Forest management; Glyphosate; Guilds; Habitat heterogeneity; Nest predation; Pacific Northwest; Silviculture; Vegetation management; Vireo gilvus

Indexed keywords

AVIFAUNA; BREEDING POPULATION; COMMUNITY RESPONSE; CONIFEROUS FOREST; FOREST MANAGEMENT;

EID: 0031787924     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[1092:TEOVMO]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0020894031 scopus 로고
    • Area-dependent changes in the bird communities and vegetation of southern Wisconsin forests
    • Ambuel, B., and S. A. Temple. 1983. Area-dependent changes in the bird communities and vegetation of southern Wisconsin forests. Ecology 64:1057-1068.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1057-1068
    • Ambuel, B.1    Temple, S.A.2
  • 2
    • 0030620788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community variability increases with time
    • Bengtsson, J., S. R. Baillie, and J. Lawton. 1997. Community variability increases with time. Oikos 78:249-256.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.78 , pp. 249-256
    • Bengtsson, J.1    Baillie, S.R.2    Lawton, J.3
  • 3
    • 33846300055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of forest vegetation control methods in British Columbia. Canada-British Columbia Partnership Agreement on Forest Resource Development
    • Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
    • Biring, B. S., P. G. Comeau, and J. O. Boateng. 1996. Effectiveness of forest vegetation control methods in British Columbia. Canada-British Columbia Partnership Agreement on Forest Resource Development. Forest Resource Development Agreement Handbook 011, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
    • (1996) Forest Resource Development Agreement Handbook , vol.11
    • Biring, B.S.1    Comeau, P.G.2    Boateng, J.O.3
  • 4
    • 0026278520 scopus 로고
    • Nested subsets and the distribution of birds on isolated woodlots
    • Blake, J. G. 1991. Nested subsets and the distribution of birds on isolated woodlots. Conservation Biology 5:58-66.
    • (1991) Conservation Biology , vol.5 , pp. 58-66
    • Blake, J.G.1
  • 5
    • 0021558134 scopus 로고
    • Resource use by sympatric kingbirds
    • Blancher, P. J., and R. J. Robertson. 1984. Resource use by sympatric kingbirds. Condor 86:305-313.
    • (1984) Condor , vol.86 , pp. 305-313
    • Blancher, P.J.1    Robertson, R.J.2
  • 6
    • 0030390252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source-sink population dynamics may complicate the interpretation of long-term census data
    • Brawn, J. D., and S. K. Robinson. 1996. Source-sink population dynamics may complicate the interpretation of long-term census data. Ecology 77:3-12.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 3-12
    • Brawn, J.D.1    Robinson, S.K.2
  • 9
    • 0024923101 scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of treatments after an analysis of variance in ecology
    • Day, R. W., and G. P. Quinn. 1989. Comparisons of treatments after an analysis of variance in ecology. Ecological Monographs 59:433-463.
    • (1989) Ecological Monographs , vol.59 , pp. 433-463
    • Day, R.W.1    Quinn, G.P.2
  • 11
    • 0003022190 scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional diversity in temperate forests
    • E. O. Wilson, editor. National Academy Press, Washington. D.C., USA.
    • Franklin, J. F. 1988. Structural and functional diversity in temperate forests. Pages 166-175 in E. O. Wilson, editor. Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington. D.C., USA.
    • (1988) Biodiversity , pp. 166-175
    • Franklin, J.F.1
  • 12
    • 0027437103 scopus 로고
    • Preserving biodiversity: Species, ecosystems, or landscapes?
    • _. 1993. Preserving biodiversity: species, ecosystems, or landscapes? Ecological Applications 3:202-205.
    • (1993) Ecological Applications , vol.3 , pp. 202-205
  • 13
    • 33845289624 scopus 로고
    • Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: Ecological consequences and principles
    • Franklin, J. F., and R. T. Forman. 1987. Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology 1:5-18.
    • (1987) Landscape Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Franklin, J.F.1    Forman, R.T.2
  • 14
    • 0010406717 scopus 로고
    • Modifying Douglas-fir management regimes for non-timber objectives
    • C. D. Oliver, D. P. Hanley, and J. A. Johnson, editors. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Seattle, Washington, USA.
    • Franklin, J. F., T. Spies, D. Perry, M. Harmon, and A. McKee. 1986. Modifying Douglas-fir management regimes for non-timber objectives. Pages 373-379 in C. D. Oliver, D. P. Hanley, and J. A. Johnson, editors. Modifying Douglas-fir management regimes for non-timber objectives. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Seattle, Washington, USA.
    • (1986) Modifying Douglas-fir Management Regimes for Non-timber Objectives , pp. 373-379
    • Franklin, J.F.1    Spies, T.2    Perry, D.3    Harmon, M.4    McKee, A.5
  • 15
    • 0027868607 scopus 로고
    • Short-term changes in vegetation after the silvicultural spraying of glyphosate herbicide onto regenerating clearcuts in Nova Scotia, Canada
    • Freedman, B., R. Morash, and D. MacKinnon. 1993. Short-term changes in vegetation after the silvicultural spraying of glyphosate herbicide onto regenerating clearcuts in Nova Scotia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 12: 2300-2311.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.12 , pp. 2300-2311
    • Freedman, B.1    Morash, R.2    MacKinnon, D.3
  • 16
    • 0022880283 scopus 로고
    • Importance of area and habitat heterogeneity to bird assemblages in temperate forest fragments
    • Freemark, K. E., and H. G. Merriam. 1986. Importance of area and habitat heterogeneity to bird assemblages in temperate forest fragments. Biological Conservation 36:115-141.
    • (1986) Biological Conservation , vol.36 , pp. 115-141
    • Freemark, K.E.1    Merriam, H.G.2
  • 17
    • 0025209610 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the viability of Ovenbird and Kentucky Warbler populations in forest fragments
    • Gibbs, J. P., and J. Faaborg. 1990. Estimating the viability of Ovenbird and Kentucky Warbler populations in forest fragments. Conservation Biology 4:193-196.
    • (1990) Conservation Biology , vol.4 , pp. 193-196
    • Gibbs, J.P.1    Faaborg, J.2
  • 18
  • 19
    • 0027846104 scopus 로고
    • Application of repeated measures designs in environmental impact and monitoring studies
    • Green, R. H. 1993. Application of repeated measures designs in environmental impact and monitoring studies. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:81-98.
    • (1993) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 81-98
    • Green, R.H.1
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0028583271 scopus 로고
    • The phenomenon of biodiversity in conservation biology
    • Haila, Y., and J. Kouki. 1994. The phenomenon of biodiversity in conservation biology. Annales Zoologici Fennici 31:5-18.
    • (1994) Annales Zoologici Fennici , vol.31 , pp. 5-18
    • Haila, Y.1    Kouki, J.2
  • 23
    • 0028994987 scopus 로고
    • Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest
    • Halpern, C. B., and T. A. Spies. 1995. Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications 5:913-934.
    • (1995) Ecological Applications , vol.5 , pp. 913-934
    • Halpern, C.B.1    Spies, T.A.2
  • 24
    • 0001459572 scopus 로고
    • Lessons from natural forests: Implications for conserving biodiversity in natural forests
    • Hansen, A. J., T. A. Spies, E. J. Swanson, and J. L. Ohmann. 1991. Lessons from natural forests: implications for conserving biodiversity in natural forests. BioScience 41:382-392.
    • (1991) BioScience , vol.41 , pp. 382-392
    • Hansen, A.J.1    Spies, T.A.2    Swanson, E.J.3    Ohmann, J.L.4
  • 26
    • 0000293374 scopus 로고
    • Rarefaction, relative abundance, and diversity of avian communities
    • James, F. C., and S. Rathbun. 1981. Rarefaction, relative abundance, and diversity of avian communities. Auk 98: 785-800.
    • (1981) Auk , vol.98 , pp. 785-800
    • James, F.C.1    Rathbun, S.2
  • 27
    • 0000558388 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between temperate forest bird communities and vegetation structure
    • James, F. C., and N. O. Warner. 1982. Relationships between temperate forest bird communities and vegetation structure. Ecology 63:159-171.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 159-171
    • James, F.C.1    Warner, N.O.2
  • 28
    • 0020869932 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection and environmental gradients: Dynamics in the "stable" tropics
    • Karr, J. R., and K. E. Freemark. 1983. Habitat selection and environmental gradients: dynamics in the "stable" tropics. Ecology 64:1481-1494.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 1481-1494
    • Karr, J.R.1    Freemark, K.E.2
  • 30
    • 0028008116 scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity in the Fennoscandian boreal forests: Natural variation and its management
    • Kouki, J. 1994. Biodiversity in the Fennoscandian boreal forests: natural variation and its management. Annales Zoologici Fennici 31:3-4.
    • (1994) Annales Zoologici Fennici , vol.31 , pp. 3-4
    • Kouki, J.1
  • 31
    • 0003456793 scopus 로고
    • Harper Collins, New York, New York, USA.
    • Krebs, C. J. 1989. Ecological methodology. Harper Collins, New York, New York, USA.
    • (1989) Ecological Methodology
    • Krebs, C.J.1
  • 32
    • 0345128814 scopus 로고
    • Summer bird species diversity in relation to secondary succession on the New Jersey piedmont
    • Kricher, J. C. 1973. Summer bird species diversity in relation to secondary succession on the New Jersey piedmont. American Midland Naturalist 89:121-137.
    • (1973) American Midland Naturalist , vol.89 , pp. 121-137
    • Kricher, J.C.1
  • 33
    • 0027797319 scopus 로고
    • Response of wildlife to forest herbicide applications in northern coniferous ecosystems
    • Lautenschlager, R. A. 1993. Response of wildlife to forest herbicide applications in northern coniferous ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23:2286-2299.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.23 , pp. 2286-2299
    • Lautenschlager, R.A.1
  • 34
    • 0003201222 scopus 로고
    • A guide for site identification and interpretation of the Kamloops forest region
    • Two volumes British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
    • Lloyd, D. A., K. Angove, G. Hope, and C. Thompson. 1990. A guide for site identification and interpretation of the Kamloops forest region. Two volumes. Land Management Handbook Number 23. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
    • (1990) Land Management Handbook Number , vol.23
    • Lloyd, D.A.1    Angove, K.2    Hope, G.3    Thompson, C.4
  • 35
    • 0001510017 scopus 로고
    • Glyphosate application in forest - Ecological aspects: Successional vegetation changes
    • Lund-Hoie, K., and S. Gronvold. 1987. Glyphosate application in forest - ecological aspects: successional vegetation changes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2: 455-468.
    • (1987) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.2 , pp. 455-468
    • Lund-Hoie, K.1    Gronvold, S.2
  • 36
    • 0001245369 scopus 로고
    • Population ecology of some warblers in northeastern coniferous forests
    • MacArthur, R. H. 1958. Population ecology of some warblers in northeastern coniferous forests. Ecology 39:599-619.
    • (1958) Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 599-619
    • MacArthur, R.H.1
  • 37
    • 0001575260 scopus 로고
    • An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography
    • MacArthur, R. H., and E. O. Wilson. 1963. An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography. Evolution 17:373-387.
    • (1963) Evolution , vol.17 , pp. 373-387
    • MacArthur, R.H.1    Wilson, E.O.2
  • 38
    • 0027833189 scopus 로고
    • Effects of silvicultural use of the herbicide glyphosate on breeding birds of regenerating clearcuts in Nova Scotia, Canada
    • MacKinnon, D. S., and B. Freedman. 1993. Effects of silvicultural use of the herbicide glyphosate on breeding birds of regenerating clearcuts in Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Applied Ecology 30:395-406.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.30 , pp. 395-406
    • MacKinnon, D.S.1    Freedman, B.2
  • 40
    • 0021560072 scopus 로고
    • Bird populations and vegetation characteristics in managed and old-growth forests, northeastern Oregon
    • Mannan, R. W., and E. C. Meslow. 1984. Bird populations and vegetation characteristics in managed and old-growth forests, northeastern Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:1219-1238.
    • (1984) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.48 , pp. 1219-1238
    • Mannan, R.W.1    Meslow, E.C.2
  • 41
    • 0000179665 scopus 로고
    • Breeding productivity considerations: What are the appropriate habitat features for management?
    • J. M. Hagan III and D. W. Johnston, editors. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • Martin, T. E. 1992. Breeding productivity considerations: What are the appropriate habitat features for management? Pages 455-473 in J. M. Hagan III and D. W. Johnston, editors. Ecological and conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1992) Ecological and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds , pp. 455-473
    • Martin, T.E.1
  • 42
    • 0002038837 scopus 로고
    • Nest predation and nest site selection of a western population of the Hermit Thrush
    • Martin, T. E., and J. J. Roper. 1988. Nest predation and nest site selection of a western population of the Hermit Thrush. Condor 90:51-57.
    • (1988) Condor , vol.90 , pp. 51-57
    • Martin, T.E.1    Roper, J.J.2
  • 43
    • 0000858171 scopus 로고
    • Suggestions for calculating nest success
    • Mayfield, H. 1975. Suggestions for calculating nest success. Wilson Bulletin 87:456-466.
    • (1975) Wilson Bulletin , vol.87 , pp. 456-466
    • Mayfield, H.1
  • 44
    • 0012372669 scopus 로고
    • The structure of western warbler assemblages: Analysis of foraging behavior and habitat selection in Oregon
    • Morrison, M. L. 1981. The structure of western warbler assemblages: analysis of foraging behavior and habitat selection in Oregon. Auk 98:578-588.
    • (1981) Auk , vol.98 , pp. 578-588
    • Morrison, M.L.1
  • 45
    • 0021623299 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on bird community structure, western Oregon
    • Morrison, M. L., and E. C. Meslow. 1984. Effects of the herbicide glyphosate on bird community structure, western Oregon. Forest Sciences 30:95-106.
    • (1984) Forest Sciences , vol.30 , pp. 95-106
    • Morrison, M.L.1    Meslow, E.C.2
  • 46
    • 0002562170 scopus 로고
    • Population variation in relation to migrancy status in some North American birds
    • J. M. Hagan III and D. W. Johnston, editors. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • O'Connor, R. J. 1992. Population variation in relation to migrancy status in some North American birds. Pages 64-74 in J. M. Hagan III and D. W. Johnston, editors. Ecology and conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1992) Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds , pp. 64-74
    • O'Connor, R.J.1
  • 47
    • 0022844413 scopus 로고
    • Nested subsets and the structure of insular mammalian faunas and archipelagos
    • Patterson, B. D., and W. Atmar. 1986. Nested subsets and the structure of insular mammalian faunas and archipelagos. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 28:65-82.
    • (1986) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.28 , pp. 65-82
    • Patterson, B.D.1    Atmar, W.2
  • 48
    • 0003147356 scopus 로고
    • Bird species diversity and habitat diversity in Australia and North America
    • Recher, H. F. 1969. Bird species diversity and habitat diversity in Australia and North America. American Naturalist 103:75-80.
    • (1969) American Naturalist , vol.103 , pp. 75-80
    • Recher, H.F.1
  • 49
    • 0000083769 scopus 로고
    • A variable circular-plot method for estimating bird numbers
    • Reynolds, R. T. J. M. Scott, and R. A. Nussbaum. 1980. A variable circular-plot method for estimating bird numbers. Condor 82:309-313.
    • (1980) Condor , vol.82 , pp. 309-313
    • Scott, R.T.1    Scott, J.M.2    Nussbaum, R.A.3
  • 50
    • 0021543237 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the importance of different habitat attributes to avian community organization
    • Rice, J., B. W. Anderson, and R. D. Ohmart. 1984. Comparison of the importance of different habitat attributes to avian community organization. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:895-911.
    • (1984) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.48 , pp. 895-911
    • Rice, J.1    Anderson, B.W.2    Ohmart, R.D.3
  • 52
    • 0000717668 scopus 로고
    • Habitat structure, patchiness, and avian communities in North American steppe vegetation: A multivariate analysis
    • Rotenberry, J. T. and J. A. Wiens. 1980. Habitat structure, patchiness, and avian communities in North American steppe vegetation: a multivariate analysis. Ecology 61: 1228-1250.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 1228-1250
    • Rotenberry, J.T.1    Wiens, J.A.2
  • 53
    • 0030303275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of alternative conifer release treatments on habitat structure and small mammal population in south central British Columbia
    • Runciman, J. B., and T. P. Sullivan. 1996. Influence of alternative conifer release treatments on habitat structure and small mammal population in south central British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26:2023-2034.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.26 , pp. 2023-2034
    • Runciman, J.B.1    Sullivan, T.P.2
  • 54
    • 0024572087 scopus 로고
    • Response of songbirds to glyphosate-induced habitat changes in clearcuts
    • Santillo, D. J., P. W. Brown, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1989a. Response of songbirds to glyphosate-induced habitat changes in clearcuts. Journal of Wildlife Management 53: 64-71.
    • (1989) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.53 , pp. 64-71
    • Santillo, D.J.1    Brown, P.W.2    Leslie D.M., Jr.3
  • 55
    • 0024531072 scopus 로고
    • Responses of small mammals and habitat to glyphosate application on clearcuts
    • Santillo, D. S., D. M. Leslie Jr., and P. W. Brown. 1989b. Responses of small mammals and habitat to glyphosate application on clearcuts. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:164-172.
    • (1989) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.53 , pp. 164-172
    • Santillo, D.S.1    Leslie D.M., Jr.2    Brown, P.W.3
  • 57
    • 0026291025 scopus 로고
    • Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: An overview
    • Saunders, D. A., R. J. Hobbs, and C. R. Margules. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: an overview. Conservation Biology 5:18-32.
    • (1991) Conservation Biology , vol.5 , pp. 18-32
    • Saunders, D.A.1    Hobbs, R.J.2    Margules, C.R.3
  • 58
    • 0030613591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are boreal birds resilient to forest fragmentation? An experimental study of short-term community responses
    • Schmiegelow, F. K. A., C. S. Machtans, and S. J. Hannon. 1997. Are boreal birds resilient to forest fragmentation? An experimental study of short-term community responses. Ecology 78:1914-1932.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1914-1932
    • Schmiegelow, F.K.A.1    Machtans, C.S.2    Hannon, S.J.3
  • 60
    • 0031756341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest predation and avian species diversity in northwestern forest understory
    • Sieving, K. E., and M. F. Willson. 1998. Nest predation and avian species diversity in northwestern forest understory. Ecology 79:2391-2402.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2391-2402
    • Sieving, K.E.1    Willson, M.F.2
  • 61
    • 0030811036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field
    • Simard, S. W., D. A. Perry. M. B. Jones, D. D. Myrold, D. M. Durall, and R. Molina. 1997. Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field. Nature 388:579-582.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 579-582
    • Simard, S.W.1    Perry, D.A.2    Jones, M.B.3    Myrold, D.D.4    Durall, D.M.5    Molina, R.6
  • 62
    • 0344326842 scopus 로고
    • Use of rarefaction and related methods in ecology
    • K. L. Dickson, J. Cairns, Jr., and R. J. Livingston, editors. American Society for Testing and Materials STP 652, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
    • Simberloff, D. 1978. Use of rarefaction and related methods in ecology. Pages 159-176 in K. L. Dickson, J. Cairns, Jr., and R. J. Livingston, editors. Biological data in water pollution assessment: quantitative and statistical analyses. American Society for Testing and Materials STP 652, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
    • (1978) Biological Data in Water Pollution Assessment: Quantitative and Statistical Analyses , pp. 159-176
    • Simberloff, D.1
  • 63
    • 33344464667 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of diversity
    • Simpson, E. H. 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688.
    • (1949) Nature , vol.163 , pp. 688
    • Simpson, E.H.1
  • 64
    • 0000412167 scopus 로고
    • Bird population changes after clearance of deciduous scrub
    • Slagsvold, T. 1977. Bird population changes after clearance of deciduous scrub. Biological Conservation 12:229-244.
    • (1977) Biological Conservation , vol.12 , pp. 229-244
    • Slagsvold, T.1
  • 65
  • 66
    • 0000379082 scopus 로고
    • Selection of foraging and nesting sites by Black-throated Blue Warblers: Their relative influence on habitat choice
    • Steele, B. B. 1993. Selection of foraging and nesting sites by Black-throated Blue Warblers: their relative influence on habitat choice. Condor 95:568-579.
    • (1993) Condor , vol.95 , pp. 568-579
    • Steele, B.B.1
  • 67
    • 0242495132 scopus 로고
    • Glyphosate herbicide: An assessment of forestry potential
    • Sutton, R. F. 1978. Glyphosate herbicide: an assessment of forestry potential. Forestry Chronicle 54:24-28.
    • (1978) Forestry Chronicle , vol.54 , pp. 24-28
    • Sutton, R.F.1
  • 69
    • 0020870171 scopus 로고
    • Density as a misleading indicator of habitat quality
    • Van Horne, B. 1983. Density as a misleading indicator of habitat quality. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:893-901.
    • (1983) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.47 , pp. 893-901
    • Van Horne, B.1
  • 70
    • 0001289648 scopus 로고
    • Is density an indicator of breeding success?
    • Vickery, P. D., M. L. Hunter, Jr., and J. V. Wells. 1992. Is density an indicator of breeding success? Auk 109:706-710.
    • (1992) Auk , vol.109 , pp. 706-710
    • Vickery, P.D.1    Hunter M.L., Jr.2    Wells, J.V.3
  • 71
    • 0001648965 scopus 로고
    • Habitat fragmentation and pairing success in the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus)
    • Villard, M.-A., P. R. Martin, and C. G. Drummond. 1993. Habitat fragmentation and pairing success in the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus). Auk 104:759-768.
    • (1993) Auk , vol.104 , pp. 759-768
    • Villard, M.-A.1    Martin, P.R.2    Drummond, C.G.3
  • 72
    • 0020926170 scopus 로고
    • Biomass, density, and nutrient content of plant arthropods in the taiga of Alaska
    • Werner, R. A. 1983. Biomass, density, and nutrient content of plant arthropods in the taiga of Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 13:729-739.
    • (1983) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.13 , pp. 729-739
    • Werner, R.A.1
  • 73
    • 0001631420 scopus 로고
    • Dominance and diversity in land plant communities
    • Whittaker, R. H. 1965. Dominance and diversity in land plant communities. Science 147:250-260.
    • (1965) Science , vol.147 , pp. 250-260
    • Whittaker, R.H.1
  • 75
    • 0000043771 scopus 로고
    • Avian community organisation and habitat structure
    • Willson, M. F. 1974. Avian community organisation and habitat structure. Ecology 55:1017-1029.
    • (1974) Ecology , vol.55 , pp. 1017-1029
    • Willson, M.F.1
  • 76
    • 0029787057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bird communities of northern forests: Ecological correlates of diversity and abundance in the understory
    • Willson, M. F., and T. A. Comet. 1996. Bird communities of northern forests: ecological correlates of diversity and abundance in the understory. Condor 98:350-362.
    • (1996) Condor , vol.98 , pp. 350-362
    • Willson, M.F.1    Comet, T.A.2
  • 77
    • 0028177196 scopus 로고
    • Avian communities of fragmented south-temperate rainforests in Chile
    • Willson, M. F., T. I. De Santo, C. Sabag, and J. J. Armesto. 1994. Avian communities of fragmented south-temperate rainforests in Chile. Conservation Biology 8:508-520.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 508-520
    • Willson, M.F.1    De Santo, T.I.2    Sabag, C.3    Armesto, J.J.4
  • 78
    • 0004232308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
    • Zar, J. H. 1996. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
    • (1996) Biostatistical Analysis
    • Zar, J.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.