Chitosan and its use as a pharmaceutical excipient

Pharmaceutical Research

Volumn 15, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 1326-1331

  Illum, Lisbeth ^a  

^a Danbiosyst UK Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Chitosan; Controlled release implant systems; Drug dissolution; Pharmaceutical excipient; Promotion of the transmucosal absorption

Indexed keywords

CALCITONIN; CHITOSAN; EXCIPIENT; GOSERELIN; INSULIN; MICROSPHERE; PARATHYROID HORMONE;

CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DOSAGE FORM; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG SOLUBILITY; MICROCAPSULE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TABLET FORMULATION; WOUND HEALING;

ABSORPTION; CHITIN; CHITOSAN; DELAYED-ACTION PREPARATIONS; DRUG COMPOUNDING; EXCIPIENTS; HUMANS; INDUSTRY; SOLUBILITY;

EID: 0031783879     PISSN: 07248741     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1011929016601     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. N. Errington, S. E. Harding, K. M. Vårum, and L. Illum. Hydrodynamic characterisation of chitosan varying in molecular weight and degree of acetylation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol 15:1123-117 (1993).
2. P. A. Sandford and G P Hutchings. Chitosan - A natural cationic biopolymer. In "Industrial Polysaccharides: Genetics Engineering, Structure/Properties Relations and Applications". M. Yalpani (Ed.), Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp 363-376 (1987).
3. T. Mitani, C. Nakalima, I. E. Sungkano, and H. Ishii. Effects of ionic strength on the adsorption of heavy metals by swollen chitosan beads. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part. A. Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic. 30:669-674 (1995).
4. A. G. Imeri and D. Knorr. Effects of chitosan on yield and compositional data of carrot and apple juice. J. Food Sci. 53:1707-1710 (1988).
5. P. Stossel and J. L Leuba. Effect of chitosan, chitin and some aminosugars on growth of various soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. Phytopathology and Zoology 111:82-90 (1984).
6. R. A. A. Muzzarelli. Amphoteric derivatives of chitosan and their biological significance. In "Chitin and Chitosan Sources. Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Properties and Applications", G. Skajk-Braek, T. Antonsen, P. Sanford (eds), Elsevier Applied Sciences, London, 1989.
7. P. Gross, E. Konrad, and H. Mager. Patent application DE PS 262714, (1976).
8. J. Dutkiewicz, L. Judkiewicz, A. Papiewski, M. Kucharska, and R. Ciszewski. Some uses of krill chitosan as biomaterial. In "Chitin and Chitosan. Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Properties and Applications". G. Skjak-Braek, T, Anthonsen, P. Sandford (eds) Elsevier Applied Sciences, London (1989).
9. G. G. Allan, L. C. Altman, R. E. Bensinger, D. K. Ghosh, Y. Hirabayashi, A. N. Neogi, and S. Neogi. Biomedical application of chitin and chitosan. In "Chitin, Chitosan and Related Enzymes, J. P. Zikakis (ed), Academic Press, Inc., (1984).
10. M. Sugano, T. Fujikawa, Y. Hiratsuji, K. Nakashima, N. Fukuda, and Y. Hasegawa. A novel use of chitosan as a hypocholesterolemic agent in rats. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 33:787-793 (1980).
11. Y. Sawayanagi, N. Nambu, and T. Nagai. Directly compressed tablets containing chitin or chitosan in addition to lactose or potato starch. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 30:2935-2940 (1982).
12. G. C. Ritthidej, P. Chomto, S. Pummangura, and P. Menasveta. Chitin and chitosan as disintegrants in paracetamol tablets. Drug Devel. Ind. Pharm. 20:2109-2134 (1994).
13. S. M. Upadrashta, P. R. Katikaneni, and N. O. Nuessle. Chitosan as a tablet binder. Drug Devel. Ind. Pharm. 18:1701-1708 (1992).
14. T. Nagai, Y. Sawayanagi, and N. Nambu. Application of chitin and chitosan to pharmaceutical preparations. In "Chitin, Chitosan and Related Enzymes. J. P. Zikakis (ed), Academic Press, Inc., pp 21-40 (1984).
15. A. G. Nigalaye, P. Adusumilli, and S. Bolton. Investigation of prolonged drug release from matrix formulations of chitosan. Drug. Devel. Ind. Pharm. 16:449-467 (1990).
16. T. Miyazaki, T. Komuro, C. Yomota, and S. Okada. Usage of chitosan as a pharmaceutical material: effectiveness as an additional additives of sodium alginate. Eisei Shikenjo Hokokti 108:95-97(1990).
17. Y. Kawashima, T. Handa, A. Kasai, H. Takenaka, and S. Y. Lin. The effects of thickness and hardness of the coating film on the drug release rate of theophylline granules coated with chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate complex. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33:2469-2474 (1985).
18. J. Akbuga. The effect of physicochemical properties of a drug on its release from chitosan malate tablets. Int. J. Pharm. 100:257-261 (1993).
19. Y. Kawashima, S. Y. Lin, A. Kasai, T. Handa, and H. Takenaka. Preparation of a prolonged release tablet of aspirin with chitosan. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33:2107-2113 (1985).
20. S. Miyazaki, K. Ishii, and T. Nadai. The use of chitin and chitosan as drug carriers. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 29:3067-3069 (1981).
21. J. Kristl, J. Smid-Korbar, E. Strue, M. Schara, and H. Rupprecht. Hydrocolloids and gels of chitosan as drug carriers. Int. J. Pharm. 99:13-19 (1993).
22. J. Knapczyk. Chitosan hydrogel as a base for semisolid drug forms. Int. J. Pharm. 93:233-237 (1993).
23. Y. Sawayanagi, N. Nambu, and T. Nagai. Enhancement of dissolution properties of griseofulvin from ground mixtures with chitin and chitosan. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 30:4464-4467 (1982).
24. W.-M. Hou, S. Miyazaki, M. Takada, and T. Komai. Sustained release of indomethacin from chitosan granules. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 33:3986-3992 (1985).
25. K. Takayama, M. Hirata, Y. Machida, T. Masada, T. Sannan, and T. Nagai. Effect of interpolymer complex formation on bioadhesive property and drug release phenomenon of compressed tablets consisting of chitosan and sodium hyaluronate. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38:1993-1997 (1990).
26. H. Tozaki, J. Komoike, C. Tada, T. Maruyama, A. Terabe, T. Suzuki, A. Yamamoto, and S. Muranishi. Chitosan capsules for colon-specific drug delivery: improvement of insulin absorption from the rat colon. J. Pharm. Sci. 86:1016-1021 (1997).
27. Y. Nishioka, S. Kyotani, M. Okamura, M. Miyazaki, K. Okazaki, S. Ohnishi, Y. Yamamoto, and K. Ito. Release characteristics of cisplatin chitosan microspheres and effect of containing chitin. Chem. Pharm. Bull 38:2871-2873 (1990).
28. S. R. Jameela and A. Jayakrishnan. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan microspheres as a long acting biodegradable drug delivery vehicle: studies on the in vitro release of mitoxantrone and in vivo degradation of microspheres in rat muscle. Biomaterials 16:769-775 (1995).
29. J. Akbuga and G. Durmaz. Preparation and evaluation of cross-linked chitosan microspheres containing furosemide. Int. J. Pharm. 111:217-222 (1994).
30. Z. Aydin and J. Akbuga. Chitosan beads for the delivery of salmon calcitonin: preparation and release characteristics. Int. J. Pharm. 131:101-103 (1996).
31. F.-L. Mi, T.-B. Wong, and S.-S. Shyu. Sustained-release of oxytetracycline from chitosan microspheres prepared by interfacial acylation and spray hardening methods. J. Microencapsulation 14:577-591 (1997).
32. K. Aiedeh, E. Gianasi, I. Orienti, and V. Zecchi. Chitosan microcapsules as controlled release systems for insulin. J. Microencapsulation 14:567-576 (1997).
33. P. Calvo, C. Remunan-Lopez, J. L. Vila-Jato, and M. J. Alonso. Chitosan and chitosan/ethylene oxide propylene oxide block copolymer nanoparticles as novel carriers for proteins and vaccines. Pharm. Res. 14:1431-1436 (1997).
34. L. Y. Lim, L. S. C. Wan, and P. Y. Thai. Chitosan microspheres prepared by emulsification and ionotropic gelation. Drug Devel. Ind. Pharm. 23:981-985 (1997).
35. A. Polk, B. Amsden, K. De Yao, T. Peng, and F. A. Goosen. Controlled release of albumin from chitosan-alginate microcapsules. J. Pharm. Sci. 83:178-185 (1994).
36. C. Remunan-Lopez and R. Bodmeier. Effect of formulation and process variables on the formation of chitosan-gelatin coacervates. Int. J. Pharm. 135:63-72 (1996).
37. L.-S. Liu, S.-Q. Liu, S. Y. Ng, M. Froix, T Ohno, and J. Heller. Controlled release of interleukin-2 for tumour immunotherapy using alginate/chitosan porous microspheres. J. Control. Rel. 43:65-74 (1997).
38. L. L. Balassa and J. F. Prudden. Application of chitin and chitosan in wound-healing acceleration, in "Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Chitin/ Chitosan", R. A. A. Muzzarelli and E. R. Panser (eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (1978).
39. W. G. Malette, J. Quigley, and E. D. Adickes. Chitosan effect in vascular surgery, tissue culture and tissue regeneration. In "Chitin in Nature and Technology", R. Muzzarelli, C. Jeuniaux, and G. W. Gooday (eds), Plenum Press, NY (1986).
40. L. Ilium, N. F. Farraj, and S. S. Davis. Chitosan as a novel nasal delivery system for peptide drugs. Pharm. Res. 11:1186-1189 (1994).
41. L. Ilium. The nasal route for delivery of polypeptides. In "Peptide and Protein Drug Delivery", S, Frøkjær, L. Christrup, and P. Krogsgaard-Larsen (eds.), Munksgaard, Copenhagen (1998).
42. C.-O. Rentel, C.-M. Lehr, J. A. Bouwstra, H. L. Luessen, and H. E. Junginger. Enhanced peptide absorption by the mucoadhesive polymers polycarbophil and chitosan. Proceed. Intern. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. 20:446-447 (1993).
43. N. G. M. Schipper, K. M. Vårum, and P. Artursson. Chitosan as absorption enhancers for poorly absorbed drugs 1: Influence of molecular weight and degree of acetylation on drug transport across human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Pharm. Res. 13:1668-1692 (1996).
44. N. G. M. Schipper, S. Olsson, J. A. Hoogstraate, A. G. deBoer, K.M. Vårum. and P. Artursson. Chitosan as absorption enhancers for poorly absorbed drugs 2: Mechanism of absorption enhancement. Pharm. Res. 14:923-929 (1997).
45. H. L. Luessen. "Multifunctional polymers for peroral peptide drug absorption". Labor Vincit, Leiden (1996).
46. I. Jabbal-Gill, A. N. Fisher, R. Rappuoli, S. S. Davis, and L. Ilium. Stimulation in mice of mucosal and systemic antibody responses against Bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin and recombinant pertussis toxin after nasal administration with chitosan. Vaccine (in press).
47. J. Makin, A. Bacon, M. Roberts, P. J. Sizer, I. Jabbal-Gill, M. Hinchcliffe, L. Ilium, and S. Chatfield. Carbohydrate biopolymers enhance antibody response to mucosally delivered vaccine antigens (submitted for publication).
48. P. Artursson, T. Lindmark, S. S. Davis, and L. Ilium. Effect of chitosan on the permeability of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Pharm. Res. 11:1358-1361 (1994).
49. V. Dodane, M. A. Khan, and J. R. Merwin. Effect of chitosan on epithelial permeability and structure. (submitted for publication).
50. T. Aspden, L. Illum, and Ø. Skaugrud. The effect of chronic nasal application of chitosan solution on cilia beat frequency in guinea pigs. Int. J. Pharm. 153:137-146 (1997).
51. T. Aspden, J. Adler, S. S. Davis, Ø. Skaugrud, and L. Illum. Chitosan as a nasal delivery system: Evaluation of the effect of chitosan on mucociliary clearance rate in the frog palate model. Int. J. Pharm. 122:69-78 (1995).
52. T. J. Aspden, J. D. T. Mason, N. Jones, J. Lowe, Ø. Skaugrud, and L. Illum. Chitosan as a nasal delivery system: The effect of chitosan on in vitro and in vivo mucociliary transport rates. J. Pharm. Sci. 86:509-513 (1997).
53. T. Aspden, L. Illum, and Ø. Skaugrud. Chitosan as a nasal delivery system: Evaluation of insulin absorption ednhancement and effect on nasal membrane integrety using rat models. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 4:23-31 (1996).
54. K. Arai, T. Kinumaki, and T. Fujita. Toxicity of chitosan. Bull. Tokai Reg. Fish Lab. 43:89-94 (1968).