메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 282-303

Diagnostik and treatment measures in patients with sympathetically maintained pain;Diagnostik und therapie des sympathisch unterhaltenen schmerzes

Author keywords

Complex regional pain syndrom; Diagnosis; Neuralgia; Sympathetic blockade; Sympathetically maintained pain; Treatment

Indexed keywords

CHRONIC PAIN; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; HUMAN; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; NERVE BLOCK; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SYMPATHECTOMY; SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY; TREATMENT PLANNING; ARTICLE;

EID: 0031782588     PISSN: 0932433X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004820050154     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (30)

References (141)
  • 1
    • 0343300123 scopus 로고
    • Vasodilatator action of guanethidine
    • Abboud FM, Eckstein JW (1962) Vasodilatator action of guanethidine. Circulation Res 11:788-796
    • (1962) Circulation Res , vol.11 , pp. 788-796
    • Abboud, F.M.1    Eckstein, J.W.2
  • 2
    • 0018258779 scopus 로고
    • Guanethidine-induced vasodilation in the rabbit, mediated by endogenous histamine
    • Angus JA, Bobik A, Korner PI, Stoneham MT (1978) Guanethidine-induced vasodilation in the rabbit, mediated by endogenous histamine. Br J Pharmacol 62:7-17
    • (1978) Br J Pharmacol , vol.62 , pp. 7-17
    • Angus, J.A.1    Bobik, A.2    Korner, P.I.3    Stoneham, M.T.4
  • 3
    • 0024536051 scopus 로고
    • Sulfentanil stellate ganglion injection in the treatment of refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Arias LM, Bartkowski R, Grossman KL, Schwartzman RJ, Tom CM (1989) Sulfentanil stellate ganglion injection in the treatment of refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Reg Anaesth 14:90-92
    • (1989) Reg Anaesth , vol.14 , pp. 90-92
    • Arias, L.M.1    Bartkowski, R.2    Grossman, K.L.3    Schwartzman, R.J.4    Tom, C.M.5
  • 4
    • 84937089310 scopus 로고
    • Sulfentanil sympathetic ganglia injection in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Arias LM, Frank E, Rogers K, Santo J, Grossman K (1990) Sulfentanil sympathetic ganglia injection in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Reg Anaesth 15 [Suppl]:84
    • (1990) Reg Anaesth , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 84
    • Arias, L.M.1    Frank, E.2    Rogers, K.3    Santo, J.4    Grossman, K.5
  • 5
    • 0025756964 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous phentolamine test: Diagnostic and prognostic use in reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Arner S (1991) Intravenous phentolamine test: diagnostic and prognostic use in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Pain 46:17-22
    • (1991) Pain , vol.46 , pp. 17-22
    • Arner, S.1
  • 6
    • 0027731337 scopus 로고
    • Postherpetic neuralgia. Are C-nociceptors involved in signalling and maintenance of tactile allodynia?
    • Baron S, Saguer M (1993) Postherpetic neuralgia. Are C-nociceptors involved in signalling and maintenance of tactile allodynia? Brain 116:1477-1496
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 1477-1496
    • Baron, S.1    Saguer, M.2
  • 7
    • 0030272903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Skin blood flow, sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes and pain before and after surgical sympathectomy
    • Baron R, Maier C (1996) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: skin blood flow, sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes and pain before and after surgical sympathectomy. Pain 67:317-320
    • (1996) Pain , vol.67 , pp. 317-320
    • Baron, R.1    Maier, C.2
  • 8
    • 0018734418 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute herpes zoster neuralgia by epidural injection or stellate ganglion blockade
    • Bauman J (1979) Treatment of acute herpes zoster neuralgia by epidural injection or stellate ganglion blockade. Anesthesiology 51 [Suppl]:223
    • (1979) Anesthesiology , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 223
    • Bauman, J.1
  • 9
    • 0001587714 scopus 로고
    • Surgery as Placebo
    • Beecher HK (1961) Surgery as Placebo. JAMA 176:1102-1107
    • (1961) JAMA , vol.176 , pp. 1102-1107
    • Beecher, H.K.1
  • 10
    • 0025804207 scopus 로고
    • The role of the sympathetic nervous system in painful peripheral neuropathy
    • Bennett GJ (1991) The role of the sympathetic nervous system in painful peripheral neuropathy. Pain 45:221-223
    • (1991) Pain , vol.45 , pp. 221-223
    • Bennett, G.J.1
  • 11
    • 0022587823 scopus 로고
    • Temperature increases after complete sympathetic blockade
    • Benzon HT, Avram MJ (1986) Temperature increases after complete sympathetic blockade. Reg Anaesth 11:27-30
    • (1986) Reg Anaesth , vol.11 , pp. 27-30
    • Benzon, H.T.1    Avram, M.J.2
  • 12
    • 0019153156 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with regional intravenous reserpine
    • Benzon HT, Chomka CM, Brunner EA (1980) Treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with regional intravenous reserpine. Anesth Analg 59:500-502
    • (1980) Anesth Analg , vol.59 , pp. 500-502
    • Benzon, H.T.1    Chomka, C.M.2    Brunner, E.A.3
  • 13
    • 0000317253 scopus 로고
    • Causalgia of the face: Two cases sucessfully treated by sympathectomy
    • Bingham JAW (1947) Causalgia of the face: two cases sucessfully treated by sympathectomy. Br Med J 1:804-805
    • (1947) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 804-805
    • Bingham, J.A.W.1
  • 14
    • 0025695860 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous regional sympatholysis: A double-blind comparison of Guanethidine, Reserpine, and Normal Saline
    • Blanchard J, Ramamurthy S, Walsh N, Hoffman J, Schoenfeld L (1990) Intravenous regional sympatholysis: A double-blind comparison of Guanethidine, Reserpine, and Normal Saline. J Pain Symptom Manag 5:357-361
    • (1990) J Pain Symptom Manag , vol.5 , pp. 357-361
    • Blanchard, J.1    Ramamurthy, S.2    Walsh, N.3    Hoffman, J.4    Schoenfeld, L.5
  • 15
    • 51249178548 scopus 로고
    • Zur Entstehung und Therapie des Schmerzsyndroms bei der sympathischen Reflexdystrophie
    • Blumberg H (1988) Zur Entstehung und Therapie des Schmerzsyndroms bei der sympathischen Reflexdystrophie. Schmerz 2:125-143
    • (1988) Schmerz , vol.2 , pp. 125-143
    • Blumberg, H.1
  • 16
    • 51249164148 scopus 로고
    • Die lokalisierte Form einer sympathischen Reflexdystrophie. Ein Fallbericht
    • Blumberg H, Wakhloo AK, Hoffmann U, Wokalek H (1993) Die lokalisierte Form einer sympathischen Reflexdystrophie. Ein Fallbericht. Schmerz 7:178-181
    • (1993) Schmerz , vol.7 , pp. 178-181
    • Blumberg, H.1    Wakhloo, A.K.2    Hoffmann, U.3    Wokalek, H.4
  • 18
    • 0020539983 scopus 로고
    • Regional intravenous guanethidine vs. stellate ganglion block in reflex sympathetic dystrophies: A randomized trial
    • Bonelli S, Conoscente F, Movilia PG, Restelli L, Francucci B, Grossi E (1983) Regional intravenous guanethidine vs. stellate ganglion block in reflex sympathetic dystrophies: A randomized trial. Pain 16:297-307
    • (1983) Pain , vol.16 , pp. 297-307
    • Bonelli, S.1    Conoscente, F.2    Movilia, P.G.3    Restelli, L.4    Francucci, B.5    Grossi, E.6
  • 19
    • 0000021833 scopus 로고
    • Causalgia and other reflex sympathetic dystrophies
    • Bonica JJ (ed) Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia
    • Bonica JJ (1990) Causalgia and other reflex sympathetic dystrophies. In: Bonica JJ (ed) The Management of Pain, vol 1, 2nd edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 220-243
    • (1990) The Management of Pain, Vol 1, 2nd Edn. , vol.1 , pp. 220-243
    • Bonica, J.J.1
  • 20
    • 0026065848 scopus 로고
    • Study of experimental pain measures and nociceptive reflex in chronic pain patients and normal subjects
    • Boureau F, Luu M, Doubrere JF (1991) Study of experimental pain measures and nociceptive reflex in chronic pain patients and normal subjects. Pain 44:131-138
    • (1991) Pain , vol.44 , pp. 131-138
    • Boureau, F.1    Luu, M.2    Doubrere, J.F.3
  • 21
    • 0026009103 scopus 로고
    • The needle and the brain: Psychophysiological factors involved in nerve blocking for chronic pain
    • Brena SF, Chapman SL, Sanders SH (1991) The needle and the brain: psychophysiological factors involved in nerve blocking for chronic pain. Clin J Pain 7:245-247
    • (1991) Clin J Pain , vol.7 , pp. 245-247
    • Brena, S.F.1    Chapman, S.L.2    Sanders, S.H.3
  • 23
    • 0023924048 scopus 로고
    • Myelinated afferents signal the hyperalgesia associated with nerve injury
    • Campbell JN, Raja SN, Meyer RA, Mckinnon SE (1988) Myelinated afferents signal the hyperalgesia associated with nerve injury. Pain 32:989-994
    • (1988) Pain , vol.32 , pp. 989-994
    • Campbell, J.N.1    Raja, S.N.2    Meyer, R.A.3    Mckinnon, S.E.4
  • 24
    • 0026620827 scopus 로고
    • Normalsynpathetic nerve activity in a reflex sympathetic dystrophy with marked skin vasoconstriction
    • Casale R, Elam M (1992) Normalsynpathetic nerve activity in a reflex sympathetic dystrophy with marked skin vasoconstriction. J Auton Nerv Syst 41:215-219
    • (1992) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.41 , pp. 215-219
    • Casale, R.1    Elam, M.2
  • 25
    • 0024996712 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic variations after stellate ganglion block, are they evidence of an autonomic afference?
    • Casale R, Glynn CJ, Buonocore M (1990) Autonomic variations after stellate ganglion block, are they evidence of an autonomic afference? Funct Neurol 5:245-246
    • (1990) Funct Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 245-246
    • Casale, R.1    Glynn, C.J.2    Buonocore, M.3
  • 26
    • 0030451129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenoreceptor subtype mediating sympathetic-sensory coupling in injured sensory neurons
    • Chen Y, Michaelis M, Jänig W, Devor M (1996) Adrenoreceptor subtype mediating sympathetic-sensory coupling in injured sensory neurons. J Neurophysiol 76:3721-3730
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.76 , pp. 3721-3730
    • Chen, Y.1    Michaelis, M.2    Jänig, W.3    Devor, M.4
  • 27
    • 84946684546 scopus 로고
    • The effect of regional sympathetic blocks in the treatment of herpes zoster
    • Colding A (1969) The effect of regional sympathetic blocks in the treatment of herpes zoster. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 13:133-141
    • (1969) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.13 , pp. 133-141
    • Colding, A.1
  • 28
    • 0001157895 scopus 로고
    • Nerve block for herpetic pain
    • Fields HL, Dubner R, Gervero F (eds) Raven, NewYork
    • Dan K, Higa K, Noda B (1985) Nerve block for herpetic pain. In: Fields HL, Dubner R, Gervero F (eds) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, vol 9. Raven, NewYork, pp 831-838
    • (1985) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy , vol.9 , pp. 831-838
    • Dan, K.1    Higa, K.2    Noda, B.3
  • 29
    • 0024840372 scopus 로고
    • The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, associated with traumatic myelopathy
    • Davidoff G (1989) The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, associated with traumatic myelopathy. Pain 39:367
    • (1989) Pain , vol.39 , pp. 367
    • Davidoff, G.1
  • 30
    • 0025787684 scopus 로고
    • Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain
    • Davis KD, Treede RD, Raja SN, Meyer RA, Campbell JN (1991) Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 47:309-317
    • (1991) Pain , vol.47 , pp. 309-317
    • Davis, K.D.1    Treede, R.D.2    Raja, S.N.3    Meyer, R.A.4    Campbell, J.N.5
  • 32
    • 0027432997 scopus 로고
    • Causalgia - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy - sympathetically maintained pain: Myth and reality
    • Dotson RM (1993) Causalgia - reflex sympathetic dystrophy - sympathetically maintained pain: myth and reality. Muscle Nerve 16:1049-1055
    • (1993) Muscle Nerve , vol.16 , pp. 1049-1055
    • Dotson, R.M.1
  • 33
    • 0021068535 scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of regional intravenous Guanethidine (Ismelin) in reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Driessen JJ, Van Der Wekken C, Nicolai PA, Crui JF (1993) Clinical effects of regional intravenous Guanethidine (Ismelin) in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 27:505-509
    • (1993) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.27 , pp. 505-509
    • Driessen, J.J.1    Van Der Wekken, C.2    Nicolai, P.A.3    Crui, J.F.4
  • 34
    • 0026077925 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, the significance of differing plasma catecholamine concentrations in affected and unaffected limbs
    • Drummond PD, Finch PM, Smythe GA (1991) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, the significance of differing plasma catecholamine concentrations in affected and unaffected limbs. Brain 114:2025-2036
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 2025-2036
    • Drummond, P.D.1    Finch, P.M.2    Smythe, G.A.3
  • 35
    • 0022070943 scopus 로고
    • Effects of regional intravenous Guanethidine blocks in postraumatic cold intolerance in hand amputees
    • Engkvist O, Wahren LK, Wallin G, Torebjörk E, Nyström B (1985) Effects of regional intravenous Guanethidine blocks in postraumatic cold intolerance in hand amputees. J Hand Surg 10:145-150
    • (1985) J Hand Surg , vol.10 , pp. 145-150
    • Engkvist, O.1    Wahren, L.K.2    Wallin, G.3    Torebjörk, E.4    Nyström, B.5
  • 37
    • 0027196623 scopus 로고
    • Objective improvements in algodystrophy following regional intravenous guanethidine
    • Field J, Monk C, Atkins RM (1993) Objective improvements in algodystrophy following regional intravenous guanethidine. J Hand Surg 18:339-342
    • (1993) J Hand Surg , vol.18 , pp. 339-342
    • Field, J.1    Monk, C.2    Atkins, R.M.3
  • 38
    • 0023687037 scopus 로고
    • Effect of stellate ganglion block with fentanyl on postherpetic neuralgia with a sympathetic component
    • Fine PG, Ashburn MA (1988) Effect of stellate ganglion block with fentanyl on postherpetic neuralgia with a sympathetic component. Anesth Anaig 67:897-899
    • (1988) Anesth Anaig , vol.67 , pp. 897-899
    • Fine, P.G.1    Ashburn, M.A.2
  • 39
    • 0028158256 scopus 로고
    • Slowly developing placebo response confound tests of intravenous phentolamine to determine mechanisms underlying idiopathic chronic low back pain
    • Fine PG, Roberts WJ, Guette RG, Child TR (1994) Slowly developing placebo response confound tests of intravenous phentolamine to determine mechanisms underlying idiopathic chronic low back pain. Pain 56:235-242
    • (1994) Pain , vol.56 , pp. 235-242
    • Fine, P.G.1    Roberts, W.J.2    Guette, R.G.3    Child, T.R.4
  • 40
    • 0002471733 scopus 로고
    • Does hyperalgesia to cooling stimuli characterize patients with sympathetically maintained pain (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)?
    • Dubner R, Gebhart GF, Bond RF (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Frost SA, Raja SN, Campbell JN, Meyer RA, Khan AA (1983) Does hyperalgesia to cooling stimuli characterize patients with sympathetically maintained pain (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)? In: Dubner R, Gebhart GF, Bond RF (eds) Proceedings of the Vth World Congress on Pain. Pain research and Clinical Management, vol 3. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 151-156
    • (1983) Proceedings of the Vth World Congress on Pain. Pain Research and Clinical Management , vol.3 , pp. 151-156
    • Frost, S.A.1    Raja, S.N.2    Campbell, J.N.3    Meyer, R.A.4    Khan, A.A.5
  • 41
    • 0029032983 scopus 로고
    • Case reports and hypothesis: A neglect-like syndrome may be responsible for the motor disturbance in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome-1)
    • Galer BS, Butler S, Jensen MP (1995) Case reports and hypothesis: a neglect-like syndrome may be responsible for the motor disturbance in reflex sympathetic dystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome-1). J Pain Symptom Manage 10:385-391
    • (1995) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.10 , pp. 385-391
    • Galer, B.S.1    Butler, S.2    Jensen, M.P.3
  • 42
    • 84944496606 scopus 로고
    • Vaso-constriction in the finger after deep inspiration
    • Gilliatt RW (1948) Vaso-constriction in the finger after deep inspiration. J Physiol (London) 107:76-88
    • (1948) J Physiol (London) , vol.107 , pp. 76-88
    • Gilliatt, R.W.1
  • 43
    • 0024357253 scopus 로고
    • Management of causalgia after peripheral nerve injury
    • Girgis FL, Wynn-Parry CB (1989) Management of causalgia after peripheral nerve injury. Int Disabil Stud 11:15-20
    • (1989) Int Disabil Stud , vol.11 , pp. 15-20
    • Girgis, F.L.1    Wynn-Parry, C.B.2
  • 44
    • 13144293290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Veränderungen des veno-arteriolären Reflexes sowie des Cold-Pressor-Tests bei Patienten mit Reflexdystrophie (CRPS) eines Armes
    • Gleim M, Helmerking M, Schulzeck S, Maier C (1997) Veränderungen des veno-arteriolären Reflexes sowie des Cold-Pressor-Tests bei Patienten mit Reflexdystrophie (CRPS) eines Armes. Schmerz 11 [Suppl 1]:56-57
    • (1997) Schmerz , vol.11 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 56-57
    • Gleim, M.1    Helmerking, M.2    Schulzeck, S.3    Maier, C.4
  • 45
    • 0019778076 scopus 로고
    • Pain relief following post-ganlionic sympathetic blockade with I.V. Guanethidine
    • Glynn CJ, Basedow RW, Walsh JA (1981) Pain relief following post-ganlionic sympathetic blockade with I.V. Guanethidine. Br J Anaesth 53:1297-1302
    • (1981) Br J Anaesth , vol.53 , pp. 1297-1302
    • Glynn, C.J.1    Basedow, R.W.2    Walsh, J.A.3
  • 46
    • 0027275908 scopus 로고
    • The role of peripheral sudomotor blockade in the treatment of patients with sympathetically maintained pain
    • Glynn CJ, Stannard C, Collins PA, Casale R (1993) The role of peripheral sudomotor blockade in the treatment of patients with sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 53:39-42
    • (1993) Pain , vol.53 , pp. 39-42
    • Glynn, C.J.1    Stannard, C.2    Collins, P.A.3    Casale, R.4
  • 47
    • 0027212337 scopus 로고
    • Morphine injected around the stellate ganglion does not modulate the sympathetic nervous systems nor does it provide pain relief
    • Glynn CJ, Casale R (1993) Morphine injected around the stellate ganglion does not modulate the sympathetic nervous systems nor does it provide pain relief. Pain 53:33-38
    • (1993) Pain , vol.53 , pp. 33-38
    • Glynn, C.J.1    Casale, R.2
  • 48
    • 0025826904 scopus 로고
    • Spread of injectate after stellate ganglion block in man: An anatomical study
    • Guntamukkala M, Hardy PA (1991) Spread of injectate after stellate ganglion block in man: an anatomical study. Br J Anaesth 66:643-644
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.66 , pp. 643-644
    • Guntamukkala, M.1    Hardy, P.A.2
  • 49
    • 0018319784 scopus 로고
    • Phantom tongue pain and causalgia. Case presentation and treatment
    • Hanowell ST, Kennedy SF (1979) Phantom tongue pain and causalgia. Case presentation and treatment. Anesth Analg 58:436-438
    • (1979) Anesth Analg , vol.58 , pp. 436-438
    • Hanowell, S.T.1    Kennedy, S.F.2
  • 50
    • 0017728116 scopus 로고
    • Relief of Sudeck's atrophy by regional intravenous guanethidine
    • Hannington-Kiff JG (1977) Relief of Sudeck's atrophy by regional intravenous guanethidine. Lancet 1:1132-1133
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1132-1133
    • Hannington-Kiff, J.G.1
  • 51
    • 0022655670 scopus 로고
    • Relief of acute pain in herpes zoster ophthalmicus by stellate ganglion block
    • Harding SP, Lipton JR, Wells JCD, Campbell JA (1986) Relief of acute pain in herpes zoster ophthalmicus by stellate ganglion block. Br Med J 292:1428
    • (1986) Br Med J , vol.292 , pp. 1428
    • Harding, S.P.1    Lipton, J.R.2    Wells, J.C.D.3    Campbell, J.A.4
  • 52
    • 0025322705 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of clinical characteristics in myogenic, TMJ internal derangement and atypical facial pain patients
    • Harness DM, Donlon WC, Eversole LR (1990) Comparison of clinical characteristics in myogenic, TMJ internal derangement and atypical facial pain patients. Clin J Pain 6:4-17
    • (1990) Clin J Pain , vol.6 , pp. 4-17
    • Harness, D.M.1    Donlon, W.C.2    Eversole, L.R.3
  • 53
    • 13144282904 scopus 로고
    • The role of the sympathetic in sensory conduction and certain neuralgias
    • Harris W (1936) The role of the sympathetic in sensory conduction and certain neuralgias. Br Med J 2:112-115
    • (1936) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 112-115
    • Harris, W.1
  • 55
    • 0031038473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural blockade for diagnosis and prognosis. A review
    • Hogan QH, Abram SE (1997) Neural blockade for diagnosis and prognosis. A review. Anesthesiology 86:216-241
    • (1997) Anesthesiology , vol.86 , pp. 216-241
    • Hogan, Q.H.1    Abram, S.E.2
  • 56
    • 0024504929 scopus 로고
    • An unusual case of causalgia. Relevance to recent hypothesis on mechanism of causalgia
    • Hopkins CS, Charters P (1989) An unusual case of causalgia. Relevance to recent hypothesis on mechanism of causalgia. Pain 37:93-95
    • (1989) Pain , vol.37 , pp. 93-95
    • Hopkins, C.S.1    Charters, P.2
  • 57
    • 0022656843 scopus 로고
    • Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the face. Report of two cases and a review of the literature
    • Jaeger B, Singer E, Kroening R (1986) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the face. Report of two cases and a review of the literature. Arch Neurol 43:693-695
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 693-695
    • Jaeger, B.1    Singer, E.2    Kroening, R.3
  • 58
    • 51249164321 scopus 로고
    • Sympathikus und Schmerz, Ideen, Hypothesen, Modelle
    • Jänig W (1993) Sympathikus und Schmerz, Ideen, Hypothesen, Modelle. Schmerz 7:226-240
    • (1993) Schmerz , vol.7 , pp. 226-240
    • Jänig, W.1
  • 59
    • 0000655957 scopus 로고
    • The role of modification in noradrenergic peripheral pathways after nerve lesions in the generation of pain
    • Fields HL, Liebeskind JC (eds) IASP Press, Seatle
    • Jänig W, McLachlan EM (1994) The role of modification in noradrenergic peripheral pathways after nerve lesions in the generation of pain. In: Fields HL, Liebeskind JC (eds) Progress in pain research and management, vol I. IASP Press, Seatle, pp 101-128
    • (1994) Progress in Pain Research and Management , vol.1 , pp. 101-128
    • Jänig, W.1    McLachlan, E.M.2
  • 60
    • 0037941932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmerzsyndrome mit kausaler Beteiligung des sympathischen Nervensystems
    • Jänig W, Baron R (1998) Schmerzsyndrome mit kausaler Beteiligung des sympathischen Nervensystems. Anaesthesist 47:4-22
    • (1998) Anaesthesist , vol.47 , pp. 4-22
    • Jänig, W.1    Baron, R.2
  • 62
    • 0026749526 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic and static components of mechanical hyperalgesia in human hairy skin
    • Koltzenburg M, Lundberg LER, Torebjörk HC (1992) Dynamic and static components of mechanical hyperalgesia in human hairy skin. Pain 51:207-219
    • (1992) Pain , vol.51 , pp. 207-219
    • Koltzenburg, M.1    Lundberg, L.E.R.2    Torebjörk, H.C.3
  • 63
    • 0015610401 scopus 로고
    • Anticipation of analgesia. A placebo effect
    • Laska EM, Sunshine A (1973) Anticipation of analgesia. A placebo effect. Headache 13:1-11
    • (1973) Headache , vol.13 , pp. 1-11
    • Laska, E.M.1    Sunshine, A.2
  • 64
    • 0020526162 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of upper extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy with prolonged continuous stallate ganglion blockade
    • Linson MA, Leffert R, Todd DP (1983) The treatment of upper extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy with prolonged continuous stallate ganglion blockade. J Hand Surg 8:153-159
    • (1983) J Hand Surg , vol.8 , pp. 153-159
    • Linson, M.A.1    Leffert, R.2    Todd, D.P.3
  • 65
    • 0017899887 scopus 로고
    • Painful peripheral states and sympathetic blocks
    • Loh L, Nathan PW (1978) Painful peripheral states and sympathetic blocks. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 41:664-671
    • (1978) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat , vol.41 , pp. 664-671
    • Loh, L.1    Nathan, P.W.2
  • 67
    • 0019431237 scopus 로고
    • Pain due to lesions of central nervous system removed by sympathetic block
    • Loh L, Nathan PW, Schott GD (1981) Pain due to lesions of central nervous system removed by sympathetic block. Br Med J 282:1026-1028
    • (1981) Br Med J , vol.282 , pp. 1026-1028
    • Loh, L.1    Nathan, P.W.2    Schott, G.D.3
  • 70
    • 0028886325 scopus 로고
    • Was ist der 'sympathisch unterhaltene Schmerz' oder wie der Puder-Bär den Nordpol entdeckte
    • Maier C (1995) Was ist der 'sympathisch unterhaltene Schmerz' oder wie der Puder-Bär den Nordpol entdeckte [Editorial]. Schmerz 9:269-272
    • (1995) Schmerz , vol.9 , pp. 269-272
    • Maier, C.1
  • 71
    • 13144254449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypischer Gesichtsschmerz
    • Diener HC, Maier C (Hrsg) Urban & Schwarzenberg, München
    • Maier C (1997) Atypischer Gesichtsschmerz. In: Diener HC, Maier C (Hrsg) Das Schmerztherapiebuch. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München, S 53-64
    • (1997) Das Schmerztherapiebuch , pp. 53-64
    • Maier, C.1
  • 72
    • 0005912523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathische Reflexdystrophie
    • Diener HC, Maier C (Hrsg) Urban & Schwarzenberg, München
    • Maier C (1997) Sympathische Reflexdystrophie. In: Diener HC, Maier C (Hrsg) Das Schmerztherapiebuch. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München, S 149-160
    • (1997) Das Schmerztherapiebuch , pp. 149-160
    • Maier, C.1
  • 73
    • 0028049502 scopus 로고
    • Endoskopische transthorakale Sympathektomie bei paraneoplastischem Raynaud-Syndrom
    • Maier C, Baron R, Loose R, Schröder D (1994) Endoskopische transthorakale Sympathektomie bei paraneoplastischem Raynaud-Syndrom. Dtsch Med Wochenschsr 119:1162-1166
    • (1994) Dtsch Med Wochenschsr , vol.119 , pp. 1162-1166
    • Maier, C.1    Baron, R.2    Loose, R.3    Schröder, D.4
  • 74
    • 13144284066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuralgie
    • Diener HC, Maier C (Hrsg) Urban & Schwarzenberg, München
    • Maier C, Baron R (1997) Neuralgie. In: Diener HC, Maier C (Hrsg) Das Schmerztherapiebuch. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München, S 135-148
    • (1997) Das Schmerztherapiebuch , pp. 135-148
    • Maier, C.1    Baron, R.2
  • 75
    • 13144281945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventionelle Verfahren
    • Diener HC, Maier C (Hrsg) Urban & Schwarzenberg, München
    • Maier C, Gleim M (1997) Interventionelle Verfahren. In: Diener HC, Maier C (Hrsg) Das Schmerztherapiebuch. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München, S 346-352
    • (1997) Das Schmerztherapiebuch , pp. 346-352
    • Maier, C.1    Gleim, M.2
  • 76
    • 0024832617 scopus 로고
    • Führung und Behandlung von Patienten mit atypischem Gesichtsschmerz
    • Maier C, Hoffmeister B (1989) Führung und Behandlung von Patienten mit atypischem Gesichtsschmerz. Deutsch Zahnärztl. Z 44:977-983
    • (1989) Deutsch Zahnärztl. Z , vol.44 , pp. 977-983
    • Maier, C.1    Hoffmeister, B.2
  • 77
    • 0027049346 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of stellate ganglion block: A clinical study with bupivacaine
    • Malmqvist EL, Bengtsson M, Sorensen J (1992) Efficacy of stellate ganglion block: a clinical study with bupivacaine. Reg Anesth 17:340-347
    • (1992) Reg Anesth , vol.17 , pp. 340-347
    • Malmqvist, E.L.1    Bengtsson, M.2    Sorensen, J.3
  • 78
    • 0019459471 scopus 로고
    • Stellate ganglion "blocks" with morphine in sympathetic type pain
    • Mays KS, North W, Schnapp M (1981) Stellate ganglion "blocks" with morphine in sympathetic type pain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44:189-190
    • (1981) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 189-190
    • Mays, K.S.1    North, W.2    Schnapp, M.3
  • 79
    • 0005836089 scopus 로고
    • The design of analgesic clinical trials
    • Max MB, Portenoy R (eds) (1991) The design of analgesic clinical trials. Adv Pain Res Ther 18
    • (1991) Adv Pain Res Ther , pp. 18
    • Max, M.B.1    Portenoy, R.2
  • 80
    • 0029937769 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the placebo effects in randomised controlled trials of analgesics: All is blind as it seems
    • McQuay H, Carroll D, Moore A (1995) Variation in the placebo effects in randomised controlled trials of analgesics: all is blind as it seems. Pain 64:331-335
    • (1995) Pain , vol.64 , pp. 331-335
    • McQuay, H.1    Carroll, D.2    Moore, A.3
  • 81
    • 0027263155 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal root ganglia
    • McLachlan EM, Jänig W, Devor M, Michaelis M (1993) Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal root ganglia. Nature 363:543-545
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 543-545
    • McLachlan, E.M.1    Jänig, W.2    Devor, M.3    Michaelis, M.4
  • 82
    • 84939312198 scopus 로고
    • A sympathetic response to sympathetic block in RSD?
    • IASP Publication
    • McGlone F, Dean J, Dhar S (1993) A sympathetic response to sympathetic block in RSD? 7th World Congress on Pain. IASP Publication, p 350
    • (1993) 7th World Congress on Pain , pp. 350
    • McGlone, F.1    Dean, J.2    Dhar, S.3
  • 84
    • 0022383427 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. A review of 77 consecutive cases
    • Milligan NS, Nash TP (1985) Treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. A review of 77 consecutive cases. Pain 23:381-386
    • (1985) Pain , vol.23 , pp. 381-386
    • Milligan, N.S.1    Nash, T.P.2
  • 85
    • 0023258013 scopus 로고
    • Sympathectomy for Causalgia. Patient selection and longterm results
    • Mockus MB, Rutherford RB, Rosales C, Pearce WH (1987) Sympathectomy for Causalgia. Patient selection and longterm results. Arch Surg 122:668-671
    • (1987) Arch Surg , vol.122 , pp. 668-671
    • Mockus, M.B.1    Rutherford, R.B.2    Rosales, C.3    Pearce, W.H.4
  • 87
    • 0030860180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathic pain and prolonged regional inflammation as two distinct symptomatological components in complex regional pain syndrome with patchy osteoporosis - A pilot study
    • Moriwaki K, Yuge O, Tanaka H, Sasaki H, Izumi H, Kaneko K (1997) Neuropathic pain and prolonged regional inflammation as two distinct symptomatological components in complex regional pain syndrome with patchy osteoporosis - a pilot study. Pain 72:277-282
    • (1997) Pain , vol.72 , pp. 277-282
    • Moriwaki, K.1    Yuge, O.2    Tanaka, H.3    Sasaki, H.4    Izumi, H.5    Kaneko, K.6
  • 88
    • 0021779541 scopus 로고
    • Behandlung chronischer Schmerzzustände als Operationsfolge
    • Müller T, Sprotte G, Kneer O (1985) Behandlung chronischer Schmerzzustände als Operationsfolge. Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir 30:188-190
    • (1985) Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir , vol.30 , pp. 188-190
    • Müller, T.1    Sprotte, G.2    Kneer, O.3
  • 89
    • 0019786959 scopus 로고
    • Implications of the failure of nerve resection and graft to cure chronic pain produced by nerve lesions
    • Noordenbos W, Wall PD (1981) Implications of the failure of nerve resection and graft to cure chronic pain produced by nerve lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 44:1068-1073
    • (1981) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.44 , pp. 1068-1073
    • Noordenbos, W.1    Wall, P.D.2
  • 90
  • 91
    • 0025908944 scopus 로고
    • Pain and allodynia in postherpetic neuralgia, role of somatic and sympathetic nervous systems
    • Nurmikko T, Wells C, Bowsher D (1991) Pain and allodynia in postherpetic neuralgia, role of somatic and sympathetic nervous systems. Acta Neurol Scand 84:146-161
    • (1991) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.84 , pp. 146-161
    • Nurmikko, T.1    Wells, C.2    Bowsher, D.3
  • 92
    • 0027235552 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical Hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain patients, dynamic and statis subtypes
    • Ochoa JL, Yarnitzky D (1993) Mechanical Hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain patients, dynamic and statis subtypes. Ann Neurol 33:465-472
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 465-472
    • Ochoa, J.L.1    Yarnitzky, D.2
  • 94
    • 0026522785 scopus 로고
    • Sensory testing of pathophysiological mechanisms of pain in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Price DD, Long S, Huitt C (1992) Sensory testing of pathophysiological mechanisms of pain in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Pain 49:163
    • (1992) Pain , vol.49 , pp. 163
    • Price, D.D.1    Long, S.2    Huitt, C.3
  • 95
    • 0024511376 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysical observations on patients with neuropathic pain relieves by a sympathetic block
    • Price DD, Bennett GJ, Rafii A (1989) Psychophysical observations on patients with neuropathic pain relieves by a sympathetic block. Pain 36:273-288
    • (1989) Pain , vol.36 , pp. 273-288
    • Price, D.D.1    Bennett, G.J.2    Rafii, A.3
  • 96
    • 0016700101 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous pain threshold changes after sympathetic block in reflex dystrophies
    • Procacci P, Francini F, Zoppi M, Maresca M (1975) Cutaneous pain threshold changes after sympathetic block in reflex dystrophies. Pain 1:165-175
    • (1975) Pain , vol.1 , pp. 165-175
    • Procacci, P.1    Francini, F.2    Zoppi, M.3    Maresca, M.4
  • 97
    • 0021258883 scopus 로고
    • Chronic neuralgia incidence following local anesthetic therapy for herpes zoster
    • Riopelle JM, Naraghi M, Grush KP (1984) Chronic neuralgia incidence following local anesthetic therapy for herpes zoster. Arch Dermatol 120:747-750
    • (1984) Arch Dermatol , vol.120 , pp. 747-750
    • Riopelle, J.M.1    Naraghi, M.2    Grush, K.P.3
  • 98
    • 0022596352 scopus 로고
    • A hypothesis on the physiological basis for causalgia and related pain
    • Roberts W (1984) A hypothesis on the physiological basis for causalgia and related pain. Pain 24:297-311
    • (1984) Pain , vol.24 , pp. 297-311
    • Roberts, W.1
  • 99
    • 0023819879 scopus 로고
    • I. Spinal recordings suggest that wide-dynamicrange neurons mediate sympathetically maintained pain
    • Roberts W, Foglesong M (1988) I. Spinal recordings suggest that wide-dynamicrange neurons mediate sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 34:289-304
    • (1988) Pain , vol.34 , pp. 289-304
    • Roberts, W.1    Foglesong, M.2
  • 100
    • 0024451221 scopus 로고
    • A comparision of regional intravenous Guanethidine and Reserpine in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. A controlled randomized, double-blind cross-over study
    • Rocco AG, Kaul AF, Reisman RM, Gallo JP, Lief PA (1989) A comparision of regional intravenous Guanethidine and Reserpine in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. A controlled randomized, double-blind cross-over study. Clin J Pain 5:205-209
    • (1989) Clin J Pain , vol.5 , pp. 205-209
    • Rocco, A.G.1    Kaul, A.F.2    Reisman, R.M.3    Gallo, J.P.4    Lief, P.A.5
  • 102
    • 0024348121 scopus 로고
    • Das Sudeck-Syndrom der Hand - Historischer Überblick, Behandlungskonzept und Ergebnisse
    • Rothkirch T, Blauth W, Helbig B (1989) Das Sudeck-Syndrom der Hand - historischer Überblick, Behandlungskonzept und Ergebnisse. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 21:115-125
    • (1989) Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir , vol.21 , pp. 115-125
    • Rothkirch, T.1    Blauth, W.2    Helbig, B.3
  • 103
    • 0022497911 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of causalgia and related clinical conditions
    • Schott GD (1986) Mechanisms of causalgia and related clinical conditions. Brain 109:717-738
    • (1986) Brain , vol.109 , pp. 717-738
    • Schott, G.D.1
  • 104
    • 0028967757 scopus 로고
    • An unsympathetic view of pain
    • Schott GD (1995) An unsympathetic view of pain. Lancet 345:634-636
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 634-636
    • Schott, G.D.1
  • 106
    • 0025022663 scopus 로고
    • The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Schwartzman RJ, Kerrigan J (1990) The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Neurology 40:57-61
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 57-61
    • Schwartzman, R.J.1    Kerrigan, J.2
  • 107
    • 0002162682 scopus 로고
    • Causalgia. I the role of sympathetic interruption on treatment
    • Shumacker HB, Speigel IJ, Upjohn RH (1948) Causalgia. I The role of sympathetic interruption on treatment. Surg Gynecol Obstr 86:76-86
    • (1948) Surg Gynecol Obstr , vol.86 , pp. 76-86
    • Shumacker, H.B.1    Speigel, I.J.2    Upjohn, R.H.3
  • 109
    • 13144251400 scopus 로고
    • Kausaltherapie der gestörten Nozisuppression
    • Bergmann H (Hrsg) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg NewYork
    • Sprotte G (1986) Kausaltherapie der gestörten Nozisuppression. In: Bergmann H (Hrsg) Schmerztherapie - eine interdisziplinäre Aufgabe. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg NewYork, S 45-54
    • (1986) Schmerztherapie - Eine Interdisziplinäre Aufgabe , pp. 45-54
    • Sprotte, G.1
  • 111
    • 68949137967 scopus 로고
    • Causalgia of the upper extremity. Treatment by dorsal sympathetic ganglionectomy
    • Spurting RG (1930) Causalgia of the upper extremity. Treatment by dorsal sympathetic ganglionectomy. Arch Neurol Psychiat 23:784-788
    • (1930) Arch Neurol Psychiat , vol.23 , pp. 784-788
    • Spurting, R.G.1
  • 113
    • 84924821419 scopus 로고
    • Shoulder-hand syndrome. Sympathetic block compared with corticotropin and cortisone therapy
    • Steinbrocker O, Neustadt D, Lapin L (1953) Shoulder-hand syndrome. Sympathetic block compared with corticotropin and cortisone therapy. JAMA 153:788-791
    • (1953) JAMA , vol.153 , pp. 788-791
    • Steinbrocker, O.1    Neustadt, D.2    Lapin, L.3
  • 114
    • 0021037039 scopus 로고
    • Skin conductance, temperature, ad blood flow in causalgia
    • Tahmoush AJ, Malley J, Jennings JR (1983) Skin conductance, temperature, ad blood flow in causalgia. Neurology 33:1483-1486
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , pp. 1483-1486
    • Tahmoush, A.J.1    Malley, J.2    Jennings, J.R.3
  • 115
    • 0022387071 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of herpes zoster with sympathetic blocks
    • Tenicela R, Lovasik D, Eaglstein W (1985) Treatment of herpes zoster with sympathetic blocks. Clin J Pain 1:63-67
    • (1985) Clin J Pain , vol.1 , pp. 63-67
    • Tenicela, R.1    Lovasik, D.2    Eaglstein, W.3
  • 116
    • 0027378301 scopus 로고
    • Human microneurography and intraneural microstimulation in the study of neuropathic pain
    • Torebjork E (1993) Human microneurography and intraneural microstimulation in the study of neuropathic pain. Muscle Nerve 16:1063-1065
    • (1993) Muscle Nerve , vol.16 , pp. 1063-1065
    • Torebjork, E.1
  • 119
    • 0026763192 scopus 로고
    • The plasticity of cutaneous hyperalgesia during sympathetic ganglion blockade in patients with neuropathic pain
    • Treede RD, Davis K, Campbell I, Raja S (1992) The plasticity of cutaneous hyperalgesia during sympathetic ganglion blockade in patients with neuropathic pain. Brain 115:607-621
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 607-621
    • Treede, R.D.1    Davis, K.2    Campbell, I.3    Raja, S.4
  • 121
    • 0027670357 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative testing of sympathetic function with laser Doppler flowmetry
    • Valley MA, Bourke DL, McKenzie AM, Raja SN (1993) Quantitative testing of sympathetic function with laser Doppler flowmetry. J Clin Monit 9:252-256
    • (1993) J Clin Monit , vol.9 , pp. 252-256
    • Valley, M.A.1    Bourke, D.L.2    McKenzie, A.M.3    Raja, S.N.4
  • 122
    • 0028264018 scopus 로고
    • Phentolamine sympathetic block in painful polyneuropathies. II. Further questioning of the concept of 'sympathetically maintained pain'
    • Verdugo RJ, Campero M, Ochoa JL (1994) Phentolamine sympathetic block in painful polyneuropathies. II. Further questioning of the concept of 'sympathetically maintained pain'. Neurology 44:1010-1014
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 1010-1014
    • Verdugo, R.J.1    Campero, M.2    Ochoa, J.L.3
  • 123
    • 0028226239 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetically maintained pain'. I. Phentolamine block questions the concept
    • Verdugo RJ, Ochoa JL (1994) 'Sympathetically maintained pain'. I. Phentolamine block questions the concept. Neurology 44:1003-1010
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 1003-1010
    • Verdugo, R.J.1    Ochoa, J.L.2
  • 124
    • 0025777953 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative sensory testing before and after regional guanethidine block in patients with neuralgia in the hand
    • Wahren LK, Torebjörk E, Nyström B (1991) Quantitative sensory testing before and after regional guanethidine block in patients with neuralgia in the hand. Pain 46:23-30
    • (1991) Pain , vol.46 , pp. 23-30
    • Wahren, L.K.1    Torebjörk, E.2    Nyström, B.3
  • 125
    • 0029120671 scopus 로고
    • Effects of regional intravenous guanethidine in patients with neuralgia in the hand; a follow-up study over a decase
    • Wahren LK, Gordh T Jr, Torebjork E (1995) Effects of regional intravenous guanethidine in patients with neuralgia in the hand; a follow-up study over a decase. Pain 62:379-385
    • (1995) Pain , vol.62 , pp. 379-385
    • Wahren, L.K.1    Gordh Jr., T.2    Torebjork, E.3
  • 126
    • 0025837722 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal skin temperature and abnormal sympathetic vasomotor innervation in an experimental painful peripheral neuropathy
    • Wakisaka S, Kajander KC, Bennett GJ (1991) Abnormal skin temperature and abnormal sympathetic vasomotor innervation in an experimental painful peripheral neuropathy. Pain 46:299-313
    • (1991) Pain , vol.46 , pp. 299-313
    • Wakisaka, S.1    Kajander, K.C.2    Bennett, G.J.3
  • 127
    • 0001096580 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the upper thoracic portion of the sympathetic chain in man
    • Walker AE, Nulson F (1948) Electrical stimulation of the upper thoracic portion of the sympathetic chain in man. Arch Neurol Psych Chicago 59:559-560
    • (1948) Arch Neurol Psych Chicago , vol.59 , pp. 559-560
    • Walker, A.E.1    Nulson, F.2
  • 128
    • 0026784021 scopus 로고
    • The placebo effect - An unpopular topic
    • Wall PD (1992) The placebo effect - an unpopular topic. Pain 51:1-3
    • (1992) Pain , vol.51 , pp. 1-3
    • Wall, P.D.1
  • 129
    • 0028789423 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenaline-evoked pain in neuralgia
    • Wall PD (1995) Noradrenaline-evoked pain in neuralgia. Pain 63:1-2
    • (1995) Pain , vol.63 , pp. 1-2
    • Wall, P.D.1
  • 130
    • 0020640387 scopus 로고
    • Intraneural stimulation as a method to study sympathetic function in the human skin
    • Wallin BG, Blumberg H, Hynninen P (1983) Intraneural stimulation as a method to study sympathetic function in the human skin. Neurosci Lett 36:189-194
    • (1983) Neurosci Lett , vol.36 , pp. 189-194
    • Wallin, B.G.1    Blumberg, H.2    Hynninen, P.3
  • 131
    • 0000759876 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary observations on the pathophysiology of hyperalgesia in the causalgic pain syndrome
    • Zotterman Y (ed) Pergamon, Oxford
    • Wallin G, Torebjörk E, Hallin R (1976) Preliminary observations on the pathophysiology of hyperalgesia in the causalgic pain syndrome. In: Zotterman Y (ed) Sensory functions of the skin in primates. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 489-502
    • (1976) Sensory Functions of the Skin in Primates , pp. 489-502
    • Wallin, G.1    Torebjörk, E.2    Hallin, R.3
  • 132
    • 0021972992 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic blocks for reflex sympathetic dystrophy
    • Wang JK, Johnson KE, Ilstrup DM (1985) Sympathetic blocks for reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Pain 23:13-17
    • (1985) Pain , vol.23 , pp. 13-17
    • Wang, J.K.1    Johnson, K.E.2    Ilstrup, D.M.3
  • 134
    • 0030990040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phantom pain with probable reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Efficacy of fentanyl infiltration of the stellate ganglion
    • Wassef MR (1997) Phantom pain with probable reflex sympathetic dystrophy: efficacy of fentanyl infiltration of the stellate ganglion. Reg Anesth 22:287-290
    • (1997) Reg Anesth , vol.22 , pp. 287-290
    • Wassef, M.R.1
  • 135
    • 0031464701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The urogenital and rectal pain syndromes
    • Wesselmann U, Burnett AL, Heinberg U (1997) The urogenital and rectal pain syndromes. Pain 73:269-294
    • (1997) Pain , vol.73 , pp. 269-294
    • Wesselmann, U.1    Burnett, A.L.2    Heinberg, U.3
  • 136
    • 0017714495 scopus 로고
    • Brain-stem anesthesia. An unusual complication of stellate ganglion blockade
    • Whitehurst L, Harrelson JM (1977) Brain-stem anesthesia. An unusual complication of stellate ganglion blockade. J Bone Joint Surg 59:541-542
    • (1977) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.59 , pp. 541-542
    • Whitehurst, L.1    Harrelson, J.M.2
  • 137
    • 0021014399 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a central component of post-injury pain hypersensitivity
    • Woolf CJ (1984) Evidence for a central component of post-injury pain hypersensitivity. Nature 306:686-688
    • (1984) Nature , vol.306 , pp. 686-688
    • Woolf, C.J.1
  • 138
    • 0026555273 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral nerve injury triggers central sprouting of myelinated afferents
    • Woolf CJ, Shortland P, Coggeshall RE (1992) Peripheral nerve injury triggers central sprouting of myelinated afferents. Nature 355:75-77
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 75-77
    • Woolf, C.J.1    Shortland, P.2    Coggeshall, R.E.3
  • 139
    • 0026607294 scopus 로고
    • Komplikationen und Nebenwirkungen bei Blockaden des Ganglion stellatum. Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenerhebung
    • Wulf H, Maier C (1992) Komplikationen und Nebenwirkungen bei Blockaden des Ganglion stellatum. Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenerhebung. Anästhesist 41:146-151
    • (1992) Anästhesist , vol.41 , pp. 146-151
    • Wulf, H.1    Maier, C.2
  • 141
    • 0023233073 scopus 로고
    • No Prophylactic effect of early sympathetic blockade on postherpetic neuralgia
    • Yanagida HS, Suwa K, Corssen G (1987) No Prophylactic effect of early sympathetic blockade on postherpetic neuralgia. Anesthesiology 66:73-76
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.66 , pp. 73-76
    • Yanagida, H.S.1    Suwa, K.2    Corssen, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.