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Europe - Asia Studies
Volumn 50, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 397-414
The controversy over the Caspian Sea mineral resources: conflicting perceptions, clashing interests
Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]
Indexed keywords

GEOPOLITICS; INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT; MINERAL RESOURCES; PIPELINES;
EID: 0031753953     PISSN: 09668136     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09668139808412545     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)
References (160)
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    • BP has 17.2% of the shares. Turkey's share of 1.75% was increased to 6.75% in April 1995 when Azerbaijan transferred 5% of its shares. The Japanese Itochu bought American McDermott's 2.45% and Pennzoil's 5%. Sabit Bagirov, 'Azerbaijani Oil: Glimpses of A Long History', Perceptions (Ankara), 1, 2, June-August 1996; Middle East Economic Digest (hereafter MEED), 30 September 1994, p. 7; Hürriyet (Istanbul), 28 March 1995; Itar-Tass, 10 April 1995 in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Central Eurasia (hereafter FBIS-CEU), 11 April 1995, p. 82
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    • BP has 17.2% of the shares. Turkey's share of 1.75% was increased to 6.75% in April 1995 when Azerbaijan transferred 5% of its shares. The Japanese Itochu bought American McDermott's 2.45% and Pennzoil's 5%. Sabit Bagirov, 'Azerbaijani Oil: Glimpses of A Long History', Perceptions (Ankara), 1, 2, June-August 1996; Middle East Economic Digest (hereafter MEED), 30 September 1994, p. 7; Hürriyet (Istanbul), 28 March 1995; Itar-Tass, 10 April 1995 in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Central Eurasia (hereafter FBIS-CEU), 11 April 1995, p. 82
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    • See Robert V. Barylski, 'Russia, The West, and the Caspian Energy Hub', The Middle East Journal, 49, 2, Spring 1995.
    • (1995) The Middle East Journal , vol.49 , Issue.2
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    • Segodnya, 1 June 1995, p. 2, in FBIS-CEU, 2 June 1995, p. 1.
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    • Interfax, 24 October 1994; FBIS-CEU, 25 October 1994, p. 65.
    • (1994) Interfax
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    • Turkish Probe, 21 July 1995, p. 8.
    • (1995) Turkish Probe , pp. 8
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    • Baku, in Azeri, 12 July
    • Azadlyg (Baku, in Azeri), 12 July 1994, p 6.
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    • 25 November
    • MEED. 25 November 1994, p. 28.
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    • MEED, 17 February 1995, p. 30.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 30
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    • 21 April
    • MEED, 21 April 1995, p. 22; AFP (Paris), 8 April 1995 in FBIS-CEU, 10 April 1995, p. 67.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 22
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    • Paris, 8 April
    • MEED, 21 April 1995, p. 22; AFP (Paris), 8 April 1995 in FBIS-CEU, 10 April 1995, p. 67.
    • (1995) AFP
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    • 85038540750 scopus 로고
    • 10 April
    • MEED, 21 April 1995, p. 22; AFP (Paris), 8 April 1995 in FBIS-CEU, 10 April 1995, p. 67.
    • (1995) FBIS-CEU , pp. 67
  • 23
    • 0039362253 scopus 로고
    • 1 September
    • Turkish Probe, 1 September 1995, p. 5.
    • (1995) Turkish Probe , pp. 5
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    • Turkish Probe, 3 November 1995, p. 13.
    • (1995) Turkish Probe , pp. 13
  • 25
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    • 24 and 25 February and 2 November
    • Turkish Daily News, 24 and 25 February and 2 November 1994; Cumhuriyet (Istanbul), 23 October and 3 November 1994.
    • (1994) Turkish Daily News
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    • Istanbul, 23 October and 3 November
    • Turkish Daily News, 24 and 25 February and 2 November 1994; Cumhuriyet (Istanbul), 23 October and 3 November 1994.
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    • 3 November
    • Turkish Probe, 3 November 1995.
    • (1995) Turkish Probe
  • 29
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    • 26 January
    • Turkish Probe, 26 January 1996, p. 18.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 18
  • 30
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    • 15 April
    • Itar-Tass, 15 April 1995, in BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts (hereafter BBC, SWB), 16 April 1995, p. S1/1; Turkish Probe, 21 April 1995, p. 4.
    • (1995) Itar-Tass
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    • Itar-Tass, 15 April 1995, in BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts (hereafter BBC, SWB), 16 April 1995, p. S1/1; Turkish Probe, 21 April 1995, p. 4.
    • (1995) Turkish Probe , pp. 4
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    • 26 January
    • Turkish Probe, 26 January 1996, p. 20; Turkish Probe, 21 April 1996, p. 4.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 20
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    • 21 April
    • Turkish Probe, 26 January 1996, p. 20; Turkish Probe, 21 April 1996, p. 4.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 4
  • 36
    • 0345425276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stopping the Shooting Is only Half of Battle
    • 12 January
    • Elizabeth Fuller, 'Stopping the Shooting Is Only Half of Battle', Transition, 12 January 1996, p. 26.
    • (1996) Transition , pp. 26
    • Fuller, E.1
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    • 22 June
    • Itar-Tass, 22 June 1994, in FBIS-CEU, 23 June, 1994, p. 54; RFE/RL News Briefs, 28-31 April 1994, p. 8.
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    • 28-31 April
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    • 14 January
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    • (1994) Turan
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    • 29 July
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    • 10 October
    • The Washington Post, 10 October 1995; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Segodnya, 14 March 1995, p. 3, in FBIS-CEU, 4 April 1995, p. 1; Sovetskava Sibir' (Novosibirsk), 18 February 1995, p. 6, in FBIS-CEU, 27 February 1995, p. 45.
    • (1995) The Washington Post
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    • 20 October
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    • 14 March
    • The Washington Post, 10 October 1995; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Segodnya, 14 March 1995, p. 3, in FBIS-CEU, 4 April 1995, p. 1; Sovetskava Sibir' (Novosibirsk), 18 February 1995, p. 6, in FBIS-CEU, 27 February 1995, p. 45.
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    • Novosibirsk, 18 February
    • The Washington Post, 10 October 1995; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Segodnya, 14 March 1995, p. 3, in FBIS-CEU, 4 April 1995, p. 1; Sovetskava Sibir' (Novosibirsk), 18 February 1995, p. 6, in FBIS-CEU, 27 February 1995, p. 45.
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  • 52
    • 85038553559 scopus 로고
    • 27 February
    • The Washington Post, 10 October 1995; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Segodnya, 14 March 1995, p. 3, in FBIS-CEU, 4 April 1995, p. 1; Sovetskava Sibir' (Novosibirsk), 18 February 1995, p. 6, in FBIS-CEU, 27 February 1995, p. 45.
    • (1995) FBIS-CEU , pp. 45
  • 53
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    • 8 July
    • MEED, 8 July 1994, p. 33.
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    • 28 April
    • MEED, 28 April 1995, pp. 1-4.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 1-4
  • 55
    • 0344131568 scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
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    • 21 July
    • Turkish Probe, 21 July 1995, p. 9.
    • (1995) Turkish Probe , pp. 9
  • 57
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    • 3 June
    • MEED, 3 June 1994, p. 24.
    • (1994) MEED , pp. 24
  • 58
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    • 27 May
    • MEED, 27 May 1994, p. 16.
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  • 59
    • 85038549937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC, 17-23 November
    • New Europe (Washington, DC), 17-23 November 1996, p. 3; Pipeline News, No. 37, Pt. I, 19 November 1996, pp. 12-13.
    • (1996) New Europe , pp. 3
  • 60
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    • 19 November
    • New Europe (Washington, DC), 17-23 November 1996, p. 3; Pipeline News, No. 37, Pt. I, 19 November 1996, pp. 12-13.
    • (1996) Pipeline News , vol.37 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 12-13
  • 62
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    • 17 February
    • MEED, 17 February 1995, p. 30; Middle East Economic Survey (hereafter MEES), 13 February 1995, p. A11.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 30
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    • 28 April
    • The Georgians claimed that the existing pipeline from Baku to Batumi could be upgraded to carry 80 000-140 000 b/d from the current 20 000-40 000 b/d. MEED, 28 April 1995, p. 3; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19, 20.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 3
  • 65
    • 85038553140 scopus 로고
    • 20 October
    • The Georgians claimed that the existing pipeline from Baku to Batumi could be upgraded to carry 80 000-140 000 b/d from the current 20 000-40 000 b/d. MEED, 28 April 1995, p. 3; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19, 20.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 31
  • 66
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    • 17 May
    • The Georgians claimed that the existing pipeline from Baku to Batumi could be upgraded to carry 80 000-140 000 b/d from the current 20 000-40 000 b/d. MEED, 28 April 1995, p. 3; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19, 20.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 19
  • 67
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    • 20 October
    • MEED, 20 October 1997, p. 31.
    • (1997) MEED , pp. 31
  • 68
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    • 6 December
    • See Turan, 6 December 1994, in FBIS-CEU, 7 December 1994, p. 55.
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    • 7 December
    • See Turan, 6 December 1994, in FBIS-CEU, 7 December 1994, p. 55.
    • (1994) FBIS-CEU , pp. 55
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    • Baku, in Russian, 3 June
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    • 9 June
    • Gunay (Baku, in Russian), 3 June 1995, p. 2, in FBIS-CEU, 9 June 1995, p. 86.
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    • 20 October
    • MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 31
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    • Ibid.; The Washington Post, 10 October 1995; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 19; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19-20.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 31
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    • 10 October
    • Ibid.; The Washington Post, 10 October 1995; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 19; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19-20.
    • (1995) The Washington Post
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    • 20 October
    • Ibid.; The Washington Post, 10 October 1995; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 19; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19-20.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 19
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    • 17 May
    • Ibid.; The Washington Post, 10 October 1995; MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 19; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19-20.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 19-20
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    • 20 October
    • MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19, 20.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 31
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    • 17 May
    • MEED, 20 October 1995, p. 31; Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19, 20.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 19
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    • 17 May
    • Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19, 20; MEED, 24 May 1996, p. 23.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 19
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    • 24 May
    • Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19, 20; MEED, 24 May 1996, p. 23.
    • (1996) MEED , pp. 23
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    • 17 May
    • Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 19-20.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 19-20
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    • The Politics of Oil in the Caucausus and Central Asia
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    • (1996) Adelphi Paper , vol.300 , pp. 37
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    • Pipeline Politics in Central Asia and the Caucausus
    • May
    • Petroleum Finance Company, 'Pipeline Politics in Central Asia and the Caucausus', Focus on Current Issues, May 1993, pp. 5-7; MEES, 39, 32, 6 May 1996, p. A9.
    • (1993) Focus on Current Issues , pp. 5-7
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    • 6 May
    • Petroleum Finance Company, 'Pipeline Politics in Central Asia and the Caucausus', Focus on Current Issues, May 1993, pp. 5-7; MEES, 39, 32, 6 May 1996, p. A9.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.32
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    • Russia's Real Drive to the South
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    • Blank, S.1
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    • 6 April and 10 April
    • RFE/RL Daily Report, 6 April and 10 April 1994.
    • (1994) RFE/RL Daily Report
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    • 10 May
    • The new consortium consists of: Government of Russia; 24%, Government of Kazakhstan: 19%, Chevron (USA): 15%, Lukoil (Russia): 12.5%, Mobil (USA): 7.5%, Rosneft (Russia): 7.5%, Government of Oman: 7%, Agip (Italy): 2%, British Gas: 2%, Oryx (USA): 1.75%, Munaigaz (Kazakhstan): 1.75%. See MEED, 10 May 1996, p. 18; Delovaya nedelya (Almaty), 3 May 1996, pp. 1, 5 in FBIS-CEU, 8 May 1996, pp. 54-55.
    • (1996) MEED , pp. 18
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    • Almaty, 3 May
    • The new consortium consists of: Government of Russia; 24%, Government of Kazakhstan: 19%, Chevron (USA): 15%, Lukoil (Russia): 12.5%, Mobil (USA): 7.5%, Rosneft (Russia): 7.5%, Government of Oman: 7%, Agip (Italy): 2%, British Gas: 2%, Oryx (USA): 1.75%, Munaigaz (Kazakhstan): 1.75%. See MEED, 10 May 1996, p. 18; Delovaya nedelya (Almaty), 3 May 1996, pp. 1, 5 in FBIS-CEU, 8 May 1996, pp. 54-55.
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    • 8 May
    • The new consortium consists of: Government of Russia; 24%, Government of Kazakhstan: 19%, Chevron (USA): 15%, Lukoil (Russia): 12.5%, Mobil (USA): 7.5%, Rosneft (Russia): 7.5%, Government of Oman: 7%, Agip (Italy): 2%, British Gas: 2%, Oryx (USA): 1.75%, Munaigaz (Kazakhstan): 1.75%. See MEED, 10 May 1996, p. 18; Delovaya nedelya (Almaty), 3 May 1996, pp. 1, 5 in FBIS-CEU, 8 May 1996, pp. 54-55.
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    • 6 May
    • Although each participant in the CPC had a 25% stake in the company, Chevron was expected to provide 50% of the financing. MEES, 6 May 1996, p. A9.
    • (1996) MEES
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    • 2 February
    • Interfax (in English), 2 February 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 3 February 1995, p. 53; MEES, 6 May 1996, p. A9.
    • (1995) Interfax (in English)
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    • 3 February
    • Interfax (in English), 2 February 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 3 February 1995, p. 53; MEES, 6 May 1996, p. A9.
    • (1995) FBIS-CEU , pp. 53
  • 94
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    • 6 May
    • Interfax (in English), 2 February 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 3 February 1995, p. 53; MEES, 6 May 1996, p. A9.
    • (1996) MEES
  • 95
    • 85038548718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kazakh Television First Programme Network in Russian, 27 April 1996, 29 April
    • Kazakh Television First Programme Network in Russian), 27 April 1996, in FBIS-CEU, 29 April 1996, pp. 58-59.
    • (1996) FBIS-CEU , pp. 58-59
  • 96
    • 0039362253 scopus 로고
    • 18 August
    • Turkish Probe, 18 August 1995, p. 7; MEED, 25 August 1995, pp. 29-30.
    • (1995) Turkish Probe , pp. 7
  • 97
    • 85038541584 scopus 로고
    • 25 August
    • Turkish Probe, 18 August 1995, p. 7; MEED, 25 August 1995, pp. 29-30.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 29-30
  • 98
    • 85038548682 scopus 로고
    • 9 October
    • MEES, 39, 2, 9 October 1995, p. A15; Kazakhstan Television Network, 6 April 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 11 April 1995, p. 70.
    • (1995) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.2
  • 99
    • 0344994092 scopus 로고
    • 6 April
    • MEES, 39, 2, 9 October 1995, p. A15; Kazakhstan Television Network, 6 April 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 11 April 1995, p. 70.
    • (1995) Kazakhstan Television Network
  • 100
    • 85038549351 scopus 로고
    • 11 April
    • MEES, 39, 2, 9 October 1995, p. A15; Kazakhstan Television Network, 6 April 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 11 April 1995, p. 70.
    • (1995) FBIS-CEU , pp. 70
  • 101
    • 0344994093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 November
    • MEED, 1 November 1996, p. 38.
    • (1996) MEED , pp. 38
  • 102
    • 85038554943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17-23 November
    • New Europe, 17-23 November 1996, pp. 1, 42. See also MEES, 39, 36, 3 June 1996, pp. A7-A8.
    • (1996) New Europe , pp. 1
  • 103
    • 85038544564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 June
    • New Europe, 17-23 November 1996, pp. 1, 42. See also MEES, 39, 36, 3 June 1996, pp. A7-A8.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.36
  • 104
    • 85038543860 scopus 로고
    • 27 January
    • MEED, 27 January 1995, p. 14.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 14
  • 105
    • 85038553517 scopus 로고
    • 28 April
    • MEED, 28 April 1995, p. 4; MEED, 2 September 1994, p. 24.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 4
  • 106
    • 0344131528 scopus 로고
    • 2 September
    • MEED, 28 April 1995, p. 4; MEED, 2 September 1994, p. 24.
    • (1994) MEED , pp. 24
  • 107
    • 0344563057 scopus 로고
    • 7 October
    • MEED, 7 October 1994, p. 3.
    • (1994) MEED , pp. 3
  • 108
    • 0344131527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14 March
    • Interfax (in English), 14 March 1996, pp. 59-60; MEED, 28 April 1996, p. 4.
    • (1996) Interfax (in English) , pp. 59-60
  • 109
    • 85038552118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 28 April
    • Interfax (in English), 14 March 1996, pp. 59-60; MEED, 28 April 1996, p. 4.
    • (1996) MEED , pp. 4
  • 110
    • 0003218352 scopus 로고
    • 21 June
    • Turkish Daily News, 21 June 1994; Blank, p. 383; Itar-Tass (in English), 5 April 1994, in FBIS-CEU, 6 April 1994, p. 46.
    • (1994) Turkish Daily News
  • 111
    • 85038550753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blank, p. 383
    • Turkish Daily News, 21 June 1994; Blank, p. 383; Itar-Tass (in English), 5 April 1994, in FBIS-CEU, 6 April 1994, p. 46.
  • 112
    • 0345425221 scopus 로고
    • 5 April
    • Turkish Daily News, 21 June 1994; Blank, p. 383; Itar-Tass (in English), 5 April 1994, in FBIS-CEU, 6 April 1994, p. 46.
    • (1994) Itar-Tass (in English)
  • 113
    • 0345425220 scopus 로고
    • 6 April
    • Turkish Daily News, 21 June 1994; Blank, p. 383; Itar-Tass (in English), 5 April 1994, in FBIS-CEU, 6 April 1994, p. 46.
    • (1994) FBIS-CEU , pp. 46
  • 114
    • 0344889376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 27 February
    • Finansovye Izvestiya, 27 February 1996, p. 2, in FBIS-CEU, 4 March 1996, p. 97.
    • (1996) Finansovye Izvestiya , pp. 2
  • 115
    • 0344563055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 March
    • Finansovye Izvestiya, 27 February 1996, p. 2, in FBIS-CEU, 4 March 1996, p. 97.
    • (1996) FBIS-CEU , pp. 97
  • 116
    • 0345425219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9 August
    • Segodnya, 9 August 1996, p. 4, in FBIS-CEU, 12 September 1996, p. 93.
    • (1996) Segodnya , pp. 4
  • 117
    • 85038544842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12 September
    • Segodnya, 9 August 1996, p. 4, in FBIS-CEU, 12 September 1996, p. 93.
    • (1996) FBIS-CEU , pp. 93
  • 118
    • 85038555126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 24 June
    • MEES, 39, 39, 24 June 1996, p. A7; MEED, 21 July 1995, p. 10.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.39
  • 119
    • 85038540992 scopus 로고
    • 21 July
    • MEES, 39, 39, 24 June 1996, p. A7; MEED, 21 July 1995, p. 10.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 10
  • 120
    • 0039954531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17 May
    • Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 17-18; MEES, 39, 34, 20 May 1996, p. A7.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 17-18
  • 121
    • 85038555126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20 May
    • Turkish Probe, 17 May 1996, pp. 17-18; MEES, 39, 34, 20 May 1996, p. A7.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.34
  • 122
    • 85038555126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.34
  • 123
    • 0003913556 scopus 로고
    • 31 May
    • Financial Times, 31 May 1994; MEED, 28 April 1995, p. 3; pp. 369-370; Barylski, p. 223.
    • (1994) Financial Times
  • 124
    • 85038543855 scopus 로고
    • 28 April pp. 369-370; Barylski, p. 223
    • Financial Times, 31 May 1994; MEED, 28 April 1995, p. 3; pp. 369-370; Barylski, p. 223.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 3
  • 125
    • 0344131520 scopus 로고
    • Ibid.; Blank, p. 370.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 3
  • 126
    • 85038540252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blank, p. 370
    • Ibid.; Blank, p. 370.
  • 127
    • 85038539206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
    • Ibid.
  • 128
    • 85038552825 scopus 로고
    • Baku, 20 May
    • Zerkalo (Baku), 20 May 1995, pp. 1, 3, in FBIS-CEU, 2 June 1995, pp. 2-3.
    • (1995) Zerkalo , pp. 1
  • 129
    • 0345425215 scopus 로고
    • 2 June
    • Zerkalo (Baku), 20 May 1995, pp. 1, 3, in FBIS-CEU, 2 June 1995, pp. 2-3.
    • (1995) FBIS-CEU , pp. 2-3
  • 130
  • 131
    • 85038554943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17-23 November
    • New Europe, 17-23 November 1996, pp. 1, 42; Pipeline News, Pt. I, No. 37 (19 November 1996), pp. 5-8; Itar-Tass, 12 November 1996, in BBC, SWB, SU/2769, p. G/3.
    • (1996) New Europe , pp. 1
  • 132
    • 85038552862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 19 November
    • New Europe, 17-23 November 1996, pp. 1, 42; Pipeline News, Pt. I, No. 37 (19 November 1996), pp. 5-8; Itar-Tass, 12 November 1996, in BBC, SWB, SU/2769, p. G/3.
    • (1996) Pipeline News , vol.37 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 5-8
  • 133
    • 85038542042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12 November
    • New Europe, 17-23 November 1996, pp. 1, 42; Pipeline News, Pt. I, No. 37 (19 November 1996), pp. 5-8; Itar-Tass, 12 November 1996, in BBC, SWB, SU/2769, p. G/3.
    • (1996) Itar-Tass
  • 134
    • 4243473924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SU/2769
    • New Europe, 17-23 November 1996, pp. 1, 42; Pipeline News, Pt. I, No. 37 (19 November 1996), pp. 5-8; Itar-Tass, 12 November 1996, in BBC, SWB, SU/2769, p. G/3.
    • BBC, SWB
  • 135
    • 85038552862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 19 November
    • Pipeline News, Pt. I, No. 37 (19 November 1996), pp. 5-8; MEES, 39, 61, 25 November 1996, pp. A9-A10.
    • (1996) Pipeline News , vol.37 , Issue.1 PART , pp. 5-8
  • 136
    • 85038540106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25 November
    • Pipeline News, Pt. I, No. 37 (19 November 1996), pp. 5-8; MEES, 39, 61, 25 November 1996, pp. A9-A10.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.61
  • 137
    • 85038540106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.61
  • 138
    • 85038540106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.61
  • 139
    • 0345425212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Almaty, 3 May
    • Panorama (Almaty), 3 May 1996, p. 5, in FBIS-CEU, 13 May 1996, pp. 68-69; see also MEES, 39, 32, 6 May 1996, p. A10.
    • (1996) Panorama , pp. 5
  • 140
    • 85038541705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13 May
    • Panorama (Almaty), 3 May 1996, p. 5, in FBIS-CEU, 13 May 1996, pp. 68-69; see also MEES, 39, 32, 6 May 1996, p. A10.
    • (1996) FBIS-CEU , pp. 68-69
  • 141
    • 85038539006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6 May
    • Panorama (Almaty), 3 May 1996, p. 5, in FBIS-CEU, 13 May 1996, pp. 68-69; see also MEES, 39, 32, 6 May 1996, p. A10.
    • (1996) MEES , vol.39 , Issue.32
  • 142
    • 85038546662 scopus 로고
    • 10 March
    • Itar-Tass, 10 March 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 10 March 1995, p. 2, Interfax (in English), 18 February 1996, in FBIS-CEU, 20 February 1996, pp. 75-76.
    • (1995) Itar-Tass
  • 143
    • 0345425215 scopus 로고
    • 10 March
    • Itar-Tass, 10 March 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 10 March 1995, p. 2, Interfax (in English), 18 February 1996, in FBIS-CEU, 20 February 1996, pp. 75-76.
    • (1995) FBIS-CEU , pp. 2
  • 144
    • 0344131527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18 February
    • Itar-Tass, 10 March 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 10 March 1995, p. 2, Interfax (in English), 18 February 1996, in FBIS-CEU, 20 February 1996, pp. 75-76.
    • (1996) Interfax (in English)
  • 145
    • 85038542505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20 February
    • Itar-Tass, 10 March 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 10 March 1995, p. 2, Interfax (in English), 18 February 1996, in FBIS-CEU, 20 February 1996, pp. 75-76.
    • (1996) FBIS-CEU , pp. 75-76
  • 146
    • 0344131512 scopus 로고
    • 2 June
    • MEED, 2 June 1995, p. 13.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 13
  • 147
    • 0344131531 scopus 로고
    • 9 June
    • In the Karabakh consortium the shares are as follows: Lukoil (Russia): 32%, Agip (Italy): 30%, Pennzoil (USA): 30%, SOCAR (Azerbaijan): 7.5%. See Interfax (in English), 9 June 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 12 June 1995, p. 95.
    • (1995) Interfax (in English)
  • 148
    • 85038554918 scopus 로고
    • 12 June
    • In the Karabakh consortium the shares are as follows: Lukoil (Russia): 32%, Agip (Italy): 30%, Pennzoil (USA): 30%, SOCAR (Azerbaijan): 7.5%. See Interfax (in English), 9 June 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 12 June 1995, p. 95.
    • (1995) FBIS-CEU , pp. 95
  • 149
    • 85038553690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 24 May
    • The Shah Deniz consortium consists of BP (UK): 25.5%, Statoil (Norway): 25.5%, Elf Aquitaine (France): 10%, Lukoil (Russia): 10%, OIEC (Iran): 10%, TPAO (Turkey): 9%. See MEED, 24 May 1996, p. 14.
    • (1996) MEED , pp. 14
  • 150
    • 0010901786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 16 December
    • The consortium consists of Amoco (USA): 30%, Unocal (USA): 25.5%, Itochu (Japan): 20%, SOCAR (Azerbaijan): 20%, Delta (Saudi Arabia): 4.5%. See Omri Daily Digest, 16 December 1996.
    • (1996) Omri Daily Digest
  • 151
    • 85038548624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reuter, Paris, 13 January 1997. The French oil group Elf Aquitaine took 65%, Total SA, another French company, has 10% and SOCAR has 25% of the shares in the consortium
    • Reuter, Paris, 13 January 1997. The French oil group Elf Aquitaine took 65%, Total SA, another French company, has 10% and SOCAR has 25% of the shares in the consortium.
  • 152
    • 85038552579 scopus 로고
    • 27 October
    • MEED, 27 October 1995, p. 31.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 31
  • 153
    • 0345425207 scopus 로고
    • 2 June
    • MEED, 2 June 1995, p. 12.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 12
  • 154
    • 85038543074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid., p. 13; Irna (Tehran), 15 May 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 16 May 1995, p. 82.
    • MEED , pp. 13
  • 155
    • 85038547964 scopus 로고
    • Tehran, 15 May
    • Ibid., p. 13; Irna (Tehran), 15 May 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 16 May 1995, p. 82.
    • (1995) Irna
  • 156
    • 85038543678 scopus 로고
    • 16 May
    • Ibid., p. 13; Irna (Tehran), 15 May 1995, in FBIS-CEU, 16 May 1995, p. 82.
    • (1995) FBIS-CEU , pp. 82
  • 157
    • 85038540099 scopus 로고
    • 28 April
    • MEED, 28 April 1995, p. 2.
    • (1995) MEED , pp. 2
  • 158
    • 0039954531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 16 August
    • Turkish Probe, 16 August 1996, pp. 2-3; MEED, 30 August 1996, p. 25.
    • (1996) Turkish Probe , pp. 2-3
  • 159
    • 85038550631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 30 August
    • Turkish Probe, 16 August 1996, pp. 2-3; MEED, 30 August 1996, p. 25.
    • (1996) MEED , pp. 25
  • 160
    • 0039362253 scopus 로고
    • 27 January
    • Turkish Probe, 27 January 1995, pp. 9-10.
    • (1995) Turkish Probe , pp. 9-10

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