Lung cancer and passive smoking

Statistical Methods in Medical Research

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 119-136

  Hackshaw, A K ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COTININE; NICOTINE; TOBACCO SMOKE;

CANCER RISK; CELL HETEROGENEITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LUNG CANCER; PASSIVE SMOKING; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXICOLOGY;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; COTININE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MALE; NICOTINE; PLANTS, TOXIC; RISK; SPOUSES; TOBACCO; TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION;

EID: 0031749664     PISSN: 09622802     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/096228098675091404     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare Public Health Service. The health consequences of smoking 1975. Atlanta, GA: Center for Disease Control, DHEW Publication No. (CDC) 76-8704, 1975.
2. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare Public Health Service. Smoking and health. A report to the US Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Center for Disease Control, DHEW. Publication No. (PHS) 79-50066, 1979.
3. Hirayama T. Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer: a study from Japan. British Medical Journal 1981; 282: 183-85.
4. Trichopolous D, Kalandidi A, Sparros L, MacMahon B. Lung cancer and passive smoking. International Journal of Cancer 1981; 27: 1-4.
5. Garfinkel L. Time trends in lung cancer mortality among nonsmokers and a note on passive smoking. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1981; 66: 1061-66.
6. National Research Council. Environmental tobacco smoke: measuring exposures and assessing health effects. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1986.
7. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 87-8398, 1986.
8. UK Department of Health and Social Security. Fourth Report of the Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health. London: HMSO, 1988.
9. NHMRC Working Party. Effects of passive smoking on health. Report of the NHMRC Working Party on the effects of passive smoking on health. Canberra: Australia Government Publishing Service, 1987.
10. US Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other disorders. (EPA/600/6-90/ 006F). Washington DC: US EPA, Office of Research and Development RD-689, 1992.
11. Lee PN. Environmental tobacco smoke and mortality. Basel: Karger, 1992.
12. Lee PN. Passive smoking and lung cancer association: a result of bias? Human Toxicology 1987; 6: 517-24.
13. Idle JR, Benitez J, Krokan HE, Roberfroid M, Springall A. Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer: an evaluation of the risk. Report of a European Working Group 1996. Philip Morris,.
14. Hackshaw AK, Wald NJ, Law M. The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke. British Medical Journal 1997; 315: 980-88.
15. Wald NJ, Ritchie C. Validation of studies on lung cancer in nonsmokers married to smokers. Lancet 1984; 1: 1067.
16. Riboli E, Preston-Martin S, Saracci R, Haley NJ, Trichopoloulos D, Becher H et al. Exposure of nonsmoking women to environmental tobacco smoke: a 10-country collaborative study. Cancer Causes and Control 1990; 1: 243-52.
17. Thompson SG, Stone R, Nanchahal K, Wald NJ. Relation of urinary cotinine concentrations to cigarette smoking and to exposure to other people's smoke. Thorax 1990; 45: 356-61.
18. Willers S, Attewell R, Bensryd I, Schultz A, Skarping G, Vahter M. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the household and urinary cotinine excretion, heavy metals retention and lung function. Archives of Environmental Health 1992; 47: 357-63.
19. Hirayama T. Cancer mortality in nonsmoking women with smoking husbands based on a large-scale cohort study in Japan. Preventitive Medicine 1984; 13: 680-90.
20. Butler TL. The relationship of passive smoking to various health outcomes among Seventh-Day Adventists in California. Dissertation. Los Angeles: University of California, 1988.
21. Cardenas VM, Thun MJ, Austin H, Lally CA, Clark WS, Greenberg S et al. Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer mortality in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II. Cancer Causes and Control 1997; 8: 57-64.
22. Chan WC, Fung SC. Lung cancer in non-smokers in Hong Kong. In: Grundmann E ed. Cancer campaign, vol 6, cancer epidemiology. New York: Gustav Fischer, 1982: 199-202.
23. Correa P, Pickle LW, Fontham E, Lin Y, Haenszel W. Passive smoking and lung cancer. Lancet 1983; 2: 595-97.
24. Trichopoulos D, Kalandidi A, Sparros L. Lung cancer and passive smoking: conclusion of the Greek study. Lancet 1983; 2: 677-78.
25. Buffler PA, Pickle LW, Mason TJ, Contant C. The causes of lung cancer in Texas. In: Mizell M, Corres P eds. Lung cancer causes and prevention. New York: Chemie, 1984: 83-99.
26. Kabat GC, Wynder EL. Lung cancer in nonsmokers. Cancer 1984; 53: 1214-21.
27. Lam WK. A clinical and epidemiological study of carcinoma of the lung in Hong Kong. PhD Thesis. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong, 1985.
28. Garfinkel L, Auerbach O, Joubert L. Involuntary smoking and lung cancer: a case-control study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1985; 75: 463-69.
29. Wu A, Henderson BE, Pike MC, Yu MC. Smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer in women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1985; 74: 747-49.
30. Akiba S, Kato H, Blot WJ. Passive smoking and lung cancer among Japanese women. Cancer Research 1986; 46: 4804-807.
31. Lee PN, Chamberlain J, Alderson MR. Relationship of passive smoking to risk of lung cancer and other smoking-associated diseases. British Journal of Cancer 1986; 54: 97-105.
32. Koo LC, Ho JHC, Saw D, Ho C. Measurements of passive smoking and estimates of lung cancer risk among non-smoking Chinese females. International Journal of Cancer 1987; 39: 162-69.
33. Pershagen G, Hrubec Z, Svensson C. Passive smoking and lung cancer in Swedish women. American Journal of Epidemiology 1987; 125: 17-24.
34. Humble CG, Samet JM, Pathak DR. Marriage to a smoker and lung cancer risk. American Journal of Public Health 1987; 77: 5989-602.
35. Lam TH, Kung ITM, Wong CM, Lam WK, Kleevens JWL, Saw D et al. Smoking, passive smoking and histological types in lung cancer in Hong Kong Chinese women. British Journal of Cancer 1987; 56: 673-78.
36. Gao Y-T, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Ershow AG, Hsu CW, Levin LI et al. Lung cancer among Chinese women. International Journal of Cancer 1987; 40: 604-609.
37. Brownson RC, Reif JS, Keefe TJ, Ferguson SW, Pritzl JA. Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the lung. American Journal of Epidemiology 1987; 125: 25-34.
38. Geng G, Liang ZH, Zhang AY, Wu GL. On the relationship between smoking and female lung cancer. In: Aoki M, Hisamichi S, Tominaga S eds. Smoking and Health. Elsevier Science, 1988: 483-86.
39. Shimizu H, Morishita M, Mizuno K, Masuda T, Ogura Y, Santo M et al. A case-control study of lung cancer in non-smoking women. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 1988; 154: 389-97.
40. Inoue R, Hirayama T. Passive smoking and lung cancer in women. In: Aoki et al. eds. Smoking and Health. Elsevier Science, 1988: 283-85.
41. Kalandidi A, Katsouyanni K, Voropoulou N, Bastas G, Saracci R, Trichopolous D. Passive smoking and diet in the etiology of lung cancer among non-smokers. Cancer Causes and Control 1990; 1: 15-21.
42. Sobue T. Association of indoor air pollution and lifestyle with lung cancer in Osaka, Japan. International Journal of Epidemiology 1990; 19: 62-66.
43. Wu-Williams AH, Dai XD, Blot W, Xu ZY, Sun XW, Xiao HP et al. Lung cancer among women in north-east China. British Journal of Cancer 1990; 62: 982-87.
44. Liu Z, He X, Chapman RS. Smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer in Xuanwei, China. International Journal of Epidemiology 1991; 20: 26-31.
45. Jockel K-H. Passive smoking - evaluation of the epidemiological findings. Presentation to the Association of German Engineers. Mannheim Colloquium, VDI Reports 888, 1991.
46. Brownson RC, Alavanja MCR, Hock ET, Loy TS. Passive smoking and lung cancer in nonsmoking women. American Journal of Public Health 1992; 82: 1525-30.
47. Stockwell HG, Goldman AL, Lyman GH, Noss CI et al. Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer risk in nonsmoking women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1992; 84: 1417-22.
48. Du YX, Cha Q, Chen YZ, Wu JM. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and female lung cancer in Guangzhou, China. Proceedings of Indoor Air 1993; 1: 511-16.
49. Liu Q, Sasco AJ, Riboli E, Hu MX. Indoor air pollution and lung cancer in Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 137: 145-54.
50. Fontham ETH, Correa P, Reynolds P, Wu-Williams A, Buffler PA, Greenberg RS et al. Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in nonsmoking women. A multicenter study. Journal of the American Medical Association 1994; 271: 1752-59.
51. Kabat GC, Stellman SD, Wynder EL. Relation between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in lifetime nonsmokers. American Journal of Epidemiology 1995; 142: 141-48.
52. Zaridze DG, Zemlianaia GM, Aitakov ZN. Role of outdoor and indoor air pollution in the etiology of lung cancer [Russian]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 1995; 4: 6-10.
53. Sun X-W, Dai X-D, Lin C-Y, Shi Y-B, Ma Y-Y, Li W. Passive smoking and lung cancer among nonsmoking women in Harbin, China. International symposium on lifestyle factors and human lung cancer. China 1994. Lung Cancer 1996; 14: 237.
54. Wang T-J, Zhou B-S, Shi J-P. Lung cancer in nonsmoking Chinese women: a case-control study. International symposium on lifestyle factors and human lung cancer. China 1994. Lung Cancer 1996; 14: 93-98.
55. Gleser LJ, Olkin I. Models for estimating the number of unpublished studies. Statistics in Medicine 1996; 15: 2493-507.
56. Bero LA, Glantz SA, Rennie D. Publication bias and public health policy on environmental tobacco smoke. Journal of the American Medical Association 1994; 272: 133-36.
57. Whitehead A, Whitehead J. A general parametric approach to the meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 1991; 10: 1665-77.
58. Matsukura S, Taminato T, Kitano N, Seino Y, Hamada H, Uchihashi M et al. Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on urinary cotinine excretion in nonsmokers. New England Journal of Medicine 1984; 311: 828-32.
59. Colhoun H, Prescott-Clarke P eds. Health Survey for England 1994. Volume I: findings. A survey carried out on behalf of the Department of Health. London: HMSO, 1996.
60. Berlin JA, Longnecker MP, Greenland S. Metaanalysis of epidemiologic dose-response data. Epidemiology 1993; 4: 218-28.
61. Domino EF, Hornbach E, Demana T. The nicotine content of common vegetables. New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 329: 437.
62. Davis RA, Stiles MF, deBethizy JD, Reynolds JH. Dietary nicotine: a source of urinary cotinine. Journal of Food Chemical Toxicology 1991; 29: 821-27.
63. Jarvis MJ. Dietary nicotine. . . unless subjects eat 90 kg tomatoes a day. British Medical Journal 1994; 308: 62.
64. Law MR, Morris JK, Watt HC, Wald NJ. The dose-response relationship between cigarette consumption, biochemical markers and risk of lung cancer. British Journal of Cancer 1997; 75: 1690-93.
65. Feyerabend C, Higenbottam T, Russell MAH. Nicotine concentrations in urine and saliva of smokers and nonsmokers. British Medical Journal 1982; 284: 1002-1004.
66. Jarvis M, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Feyerabend C, Vesey C, Salloojee Y. Biochemical markers of smoke absorption and self-reported exposure to passive smoking. Journal of Epidemiological Community Health 1984; 38: 335-39.
67. Wald NJ, Boreham J, Bailey A, Ritchie C, Haddow JE, Knight G. Urinary cotinine as marker of breathing other people's tobacco smoke. Lancet 1984; 1: 230-31.
68. Cummings KM, Markello SJ, Mahoney M, Bhargava AK, McElroy PD, Marshall JR. Measurement of current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Archives of Environmental Health 1990; 45: 74-79.
69. Jarvis MJ, McNeill AD, Bryant A, Russell MAH. Factors determining exposure to passive smoking in young adults living at home: quantitative analysis using saliva cotinine concentrations. International Journal of Epidemiology 1991; 20: 126-31.
70. Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observation on male British doctors. British Medical Journal 1994; 309: 901-11.
71. Shopland Dr, Eyre HJ, Pechacek TF. Smoking attributable cancer mortality in 1991: is lung cancer now the leading cause of death among smokers in the United States? Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1991; 83: 1142-88.
72. Guerin MR, Jenkins RA, Tomkins BA. The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke: composition and measurement. Chelsea, MI: Lewis, 1992.
73. Bartsch H, Kadlubar F, O'Neill I eds. Biomarkers in human cancer - part II. Exposure monitoring and molecular dosimetry. Environmental health perspectives, vol 99. Research Triangle Park, NC: NIEHS, DHHS Publication No. (NIH) 93-218, 1993.
74. Bartsch H, Caporaso N, Coda M, Kadlubar F, Malareille C, Skipper P et al. Carcinogen haemoglobin adducts, urinary mutȧgenicity and metabolic phenotype in active and passive cigarette smokers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1990; 82: 1826-31.
75. Crawford FG, Mayer J, Santella RM, Cooper TB, Ottman R, Tsai W-Y et al. Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke in preschool children and their mothers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1994; 86: 1398-102.
76. Maclure M, Ben-Abraham R, Bryant MS, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR. Elevated blood levels of carcinogens in passive smokers. American Journal of Public Health 1989; 79: 1381-84.
77. Hammond SK, Coghlin J, Gann PH, Paul M, Taghizadeh K, Skipper PL et al. Relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and carcinogen-hemoglobin adduct levels in nonsmokers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1993; 85: 474-78.
78. Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Murphy SE, Akerkar S, Brunnemann KD, Hoffman D. A tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in the urine of men exposed to cigarette smoke. New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 329: 1543-46.
79. Puntoni R, Toninelli F, Zhankui L, Bonassi S. Mathematical modelling in risk: exposure assessment of tobacco related lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 1995; 16: 1465-71.
80. Law MR, Hackshaw. Environmental tobacco smoke. British Medical Bulletin 1996; 52: 22-34.
81. Law ML, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease; an evaluation of the evidence. British Medical Journal 1997; 315: 973-88.
82. Golding J. Sudden infant death syndrome and parental smoking - a literature review. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 1997; 11: 67-77.
83. Etzel RA, Balk SJ, Bearer CF, Miller MD, Shea KM, Simon PR. Environmental tobacco smoke: a hazard to children. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatrics 1997; 99: 639-42.