Effect of darkness on acoustic startle in Vietnam veterans with PTSD

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 155, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 812-817

  Grillon, Christian ^a   Morgan III, Charles A ^b   Davis, Michael ^b   Southwick, Steve M ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTICS; ADULT; ARTICLE; AVERSION; BATTLE INJURY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DARKNESS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STARTLE REFLEX; VIET NAM;

EID: 0031744980     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.155.6.812     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Cuthbert BN, Drobes DJ, Patrick CJ, Lang PJ: Autonomic and startle responding during affective imagery among anxious patients (abstract). Psychophysiology 1994; 31(suppl 1):S37
2. Morgan CA III, Grillon C, Lubin H, Southwick SM: Startle reflex abnormalities in women with sexual assault-related PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1076-1080
3. Morgan CA III, Grillon C, Southwick SM, Davis M, Charney DS: Exaggerated acoustic startle reflex in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:64-68
4. Orr SP, Solomon Z, Peri T, Pitman RK, Shalev AY: Physiologic responses to loud tones in Israeli veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:319-326
5. Grillon C, Morgan CA, Southwick SM, Davis M, Charney DS: Baseline startle amplitude and prepulse inhibition in Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Psychiatry Res 1996; 64:169-178
6. Ornitz EM, Pynoos RS: Startle modulation in children with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:866-870
7. Butler RW, Braff DL, Rausch JL, Jenkins MA, Sprock J, Geyer MA: Physiological evidence of exaggerated startle response in a subgroup of Vietnam veterans with combat-related PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:1308-1312
8. Orr SP, Lasko NB, Shalev AY, Pitman RK: Physiological responses to loud tones in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 1995; 104:75-82
9. Grinker RR, Spiegel JP: Men Under Stress. Philadelphia, Blakiston, 1945
10. Davis M: The role of the amygdala in conditioned fear, in The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory, and Mental Dysfunction. Edited by Aggleton J. New York, Wiley-Liss, 1992, pp 255-305
11. Pynoos RS, Ritzmann RF, Steinberg AM, Goenjian A, Prisecaru I: A behavioral animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder featuring repeated exposures to situational reminders. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39:129-134
12. Morgan CA, Grillon C, Southwick SM, Davis M, Charney DS: Fear-potentiated startle in post traumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 38:378-385
13. Grillon C, Morgan CA, Davis M, Southwick S: Effects of experimental context and explicit threat cues on acoustic startle in Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Biol Psychiatry (in press)
14. Kim JJ, Fanselow MS: Modality-specific retrograde amnesia of fear. Science 1992; 256:675-677
15. Phillips RG, LeDoux JE: Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning. Behav Neurosci 1992; 106:274-285
16. Gewirtz JC, McNish KA, Davis M: Lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis block sensitization of the acoustic startle reflex produced by repeated stress, but not fear-potentiated startle. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry fin press)
17. Kim M, Davis M: Electrolytic lesions of the amygdala block acquisition and expression of fear-potentiated startle even with extensive training but do nor prevent reacquisition. Behav Neurosci 1993; 107:580-595
18. McNish KA, Gewirtz JC, Davis M: AMPA receptor blockade in the central nucleus of the amygdala blocks the expression of contextual fear. Abstracts of the Society for Neuroscience 1997; 23:1612
19. Grillon C, Pellowski M, Merikangas KR, Davis M: Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle in humans. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 42:453-460
20. Walker DL, Davis M: Anxiogenic effects of high illumination levels assessed with the acoustic startle response. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 42:461-471
21. Walker DL, Davis M: Double dissociation between involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the central nucleus of the amygdala in startle increases produced by conditioned versus unconditioned fear. J Neurosci 1997; 17:9375-9383
22. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB: User's Guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1990
23. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R - Non-Patient Edition (SCIDNP, Version 1.0). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1990
24. Spielberger CD: Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, Calif, Consulting Psychologist Press, 1983
25. Keane TM, Caddell JM, Taylor KL: Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: three studies in reliability and validity. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988; 56:85-90
26. Lund M, Foy D, Sipprelle C, Strachan A: The Combat Exposure Scale: a systematic assessment of trauma in the Vietnam War. J Clin Psychol 1984; 40:1323-1328
27. Grillon C, Ameli R, Woods SW, Merikangas K, Davis M: Fear-potentiated startle in humans: effects of anticipatory anxiety on the acoustic blink reflex. Psychophysiology 1991; 28:588-595
28. Balaban MT, Losito B, Simons RF, Graham FK: Offline latency and amplitude scoring of the human reflex eyeblink with Fortran IV (computer program abstract). Psychophysiology 1986; 23:612
29. McNish KA, Gewirtz JC, Davis M: Evidence of contextual fear after lesions of the hippocampus; a disruption of freezing but not fear-potentiated startle. J Neurosci 1997; 17:9353-9360
30. Morgan CA III, Grillon C, Southwick SM, Nagy LM, Davis M, Krystal JH, Charney DS: Yohimbine facilitated acoustic startle in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psycho-pharmacology (Berl) 1995; 117:466-471