메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 369-383

Changes in mid-latitude variability due to increasing greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE VARIATION; GREENHOUSE GAS; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; OCEAN COUPLING; SULPHATE AEROSOL;

EID: 0031744618     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003820050229     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (93)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0022848975 scopus 로고
    • 2 concentrations on the frequency of blocking in a general circulation model coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean model
    • 2 concentrations on the frequency of blocking in a general circulation model coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean model. Mon Weather Rev 114:687-701
    • (1986) Mon Weather Rev , vol.114 , pp. 687-701
    • Bates, G.T.1    Meehl, G.A.2
  • 2
    • 0001418360 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of simulated climate to model resolution
    • Boville BA (1991) Sensitivity of simulated climate to model resolution. J Clim 4:469-485
    • (1991) J Clim , vol.4 , pp. 469-485
    • Boville, B.A.1
  • 3
    • 0027383120 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of dynamical quantities to horizontal resolution for a climate simulation using ECMWF (cycle 33) model
    • Boyle JS (1993) Sensitivity of dynamical quantities to horizontal resolution for a climate simulation using ECMWF (cycle 33) model. J Clim 6:769-815
    • (1993) J Clim , vol.6 , pp. 769-815
    • Boyle, J.S.1
  • 4
    • 0028315165 scopus 로고
    • The northern wintertime divergence extrema at 200 hPa and MSLP cyclones as simulated in the AMIP integration by the ECMWF general circulation model
    • Boyle JS (1994) The northern wintertime divergence extrema at 200 hPa and MSLP cyclones as simulated in the AMIP integration by the ECMWF general circulation model. J Clim 7:24-32
    • (1994) J Clim , vol.7 , pp. 24-32
    • Boyle, J.S.1
  • 5
    • 0027086192 scopus 로고
    • 2 on the energetics and hydrologic processes of mid-latitude transient eddies
    • 2 on the energetics and hydrologic processes of mid-latitude transient eddies. Clim Dyn 8:29-37
    • (1992) Clim Dyn , vol.8 , pp. 29-37
    • Branscome, L.E.1    Gutowski, W.J.2
  • 7
    • 0019653582 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a barotropic blocking theory with observations
    • Charney JG, Shukla J, Mo KC (1981) Comparison of a barotropic blocking theory with observations. J Atmos Sci 38:762-779
    • (1981) J Atmos Sci , vol.38 , pp. 762-779
    • Charney, J.G.1    Shukla, J.2    Mo, K.C.3
  • 9
    • 0027371422 scopus 로고
    • The unified forecast/climate model
    • Cullen MJP (1993) The unified forecast/climate model. Meteorol Mag 122:81-94
    • (1993) Meteorol Mag , vol.122 , pp. 81-94
    • Cullen, M.J.P.1
  • 10
    • 0024615761 scopus 로고
    • Global emissions of nitrogen and sulphur oxides from 1860 to 1980
    • Dignon J, Hameed S (1989) Global emissions of nitrogen and sulphur oxides from 1860 to 1980. J Air Waste Management Assoc (JAPCA) 39:180-186
    • (1989) J Air Waste Management Assoc (JAPCA) , vol.39 , pp. 180-186
    • Dignon, J.1    Hameed, S.2
  • 11
    • 0020925951 scopus 로고
    • Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation geographical distribution and regional persistence characteristics
    • Dole RM, Gordon ND (1983) Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation geographical distribution and regional persistence characteristics. Mon Weather Rev 111:1567-1586
    • (1983) Mon Weather Rev , vol.111 , pp. 1567-1586
    • Dole, R.M.1    Gordon, N.D.2
  • 12
    • 0028667306 scopus 로고
    • Impact of localized tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in ensembles of seasonal GCM integrations
    • Ferranti L, Molteni F, Palmer TN (1994) Impact of localized tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in ensembles of seasonal GCM integrations. Q J R Meteorol Soc 120:1613-1645
    • (1994) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.120 , pp. 1613-1645
    • Ferranti, L.1    Molteni, F.2    Palmer, T.N.3
  • 14
    • 84979125802 scopus 로고
    • The weather during July 1976: Some dynamical considerations of the drought
    • Green JSA (1977) The weather during July 1976: some dynamical considerations of the drought. Weather 32:120-128
    • (1977) Weather , vol.32 , pp. 120-128
    • Green, J.S.A.1
  • 15
    • 0023470032 scopus 로고
    • Eddy-forced coherent structures as a prototype of atmospheric blocking
    • Haines K, Marshall J (1987) Eddy-forced coherent structures as a prototype of atmospheric blocking. Q J R Meteorol Soc 113:681-704
    • (1987) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.113 , pp. 681-704
    • Haines, K.1    Marshall, J.2
  • 17
    • 0026816745 scopus 로고
    • Global emissions of nitrogen and sulphur oxides in fossil fuel combustion 1970-1986
    • Hameed S, Dignon J (1992) Global emissions of nitrogen and sulphur oxides in fossil fuel combustion 1970-1986. J Air Waste Management Assoc (JAPCA) 42:159-163
    • (1992) J Air Waste Management Assoc (JAPCA) , vol.42 , pp. 159-163
    • Hameed, S.1    Dignon, J.2
  • 18
    • 0031170961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient response of a coupled model to estimated changes in greenhouse gas and sulphate concentrations
    • Haywood JM, Stouffer RJ, Wetherald RT, Manabe S, Ramaswamy V (1997) Transient response of a coupled model to estimated changes in greenhouse gas and sulphate concentrations. Geophys Res Lett 24:1335-1338
    • (1997) Geophys Res Lett , vol.24 , pp. 1335-1338
    • Haywood, J.M.1    Stouffer, R.J.2    Wetherald, R.T.3    Manabe, S.4    Ramaswamy, V.5
  • 19
    • 0023504231 scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic study of the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere winter of 1985-86
    • Hoskins BJ, Sardeshmukh PD (1987) A diagnostic study of the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere winter of 1985-86. Q J R Meteorol Soc 113:759-778
    • (1987) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.113 , pp. 759-778
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Sardeshmukh, P.D.2
  • 20
    • 0025589806 scopus 로고
    • On the existence of storm tracks
    • Hoskins BJ, Valdes PJ (1990) On the existence of storm tracks. J Atmos Sci 47:1854-1864
    • (1990) J Atmos Sci , vol.47 , pp. 1854-1864
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Valdes, P.J.2
  • 21
    • 0021534446 scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic study of the potential vorticity in a warm blocking anticyclone
    • Illari L (1984) A diagnostic study of the potential vorticity in a warm blocking anticyclone. J Atmos Sci 41:3518-3526
    • (1984) J Atmos Sci , vol.41 , pp. 3518-3526
    • Illari, L.1
  • 23
    • 0027834131 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between a zonal index and blocking activity
    • Kaas E, Branstator G (1993) The relationship between a zonal index and blocking activity. J Atmos Sci 50:3061-3077
    • (1993) J Atmos Sci , vol.50 , pp. 3061-3077
    • Kaas, E.1    Branstator, G.2
  • 24
    • 0002722825 scopus 로고
    • The frequency of cyclones and anticyclones in relation to the mean circulation
    • Klein WH (1957) The frequency of cyclones and anticyclones in relation to the mean circulation. J Meteorol 15:98-103
    • (1957) J Meteorol , vol.15 , pp. 98-103
    • Klein, W.H.1
  • 25
    • 0027876913 scopus 로고
    • Objective identification of cyclones in GCM simulations
    • König W, Sausen R, Sielmann F (1993) Objective identification of cyclones in GCM simulations. J Clim 6:2217-2231
    • (1993) J Clim , vol.6 , pp. 2217-2231
    • König, W.1    Sausen, R.2    Sielmann, F.3
  • 26
    • 0001215713 scopus 로고
    • A cyclone climatology of the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model
    • Lambert SJ (1988) A cyclone climatology of the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model. J Clim 1:109-115
    • (1988) J Clim , vol.1 , pp. 109-115
    • Lambert, S.J.1
  • 27
    • 0029537410 scopus 로고
    • The effect of enhanced greenhouse warming on winter cyclone frequencies and strengths
    • Lambert SJ (1995) The effect of enhanced greenhouse warming on winter cyclone frequencies and strengths. J Clim 8:1447-1452
    • (1995) J Clim , vol.8 , pp. 1447-1452
    • Lambert, S.J.1
  • 28
    • 0001666841 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of ENSO-like phenomena with a low-resolution coupled GCM of the global ocean and atmosphere
    • Lau N-C, Philander SGH, Nath MJ (1992) Simulation of ENSO-like phenomena with a low-resolution coupled GCM of the global ocean and atmosphere. J Clim 5:284-307
    • (1992) J Clim , vol.5 , pp. 284-307
    • Lau, N.-C.1    Philander, S.G.H.2    Nath, M.J.3
  • 29
    • 0019144563 scopus 로고
    • A simple approximate result for maximum growth rate of baroclinic instabilities
    • Lindzen RS, Farrell BF (1980) A simple approximate result for maximum growth rate of baroclinic instabilities. J Atmos Sci 37:1648-1654
    • (1980) J Atmos Sci , vol.37 , pp. 1648-1654
    • Lindzen, R.S.1    Farrell, B.F.2
  • 30
    • 0029412401 scopus 로고
    • Climatological features of blocking anticyclones in the Northern Hemisphere
    • Lupo AR, Smith PJ (1995) Climatological features of blocking anticyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. Tellus 47A:439-456
    • (1995) Tellus , vol.47 A , pp. 439-456
    • Lupo, A.R.1    Smith, P.J.2
  • 32
    • 0000458102 scopus 로고
    • Transient response of a global ocean-atmosphere model to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide
    • Manabe S, Bryan K, Spelman MJ (1990) Transient response of a global ocean-atmosphere model to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J Phys Oceanogr 20:722-749
    • (1990) J Phys Oceanogr , vol.20 , pp. 722-749
    • Manabe, S.1    Bryan, K.2    Spelman, M.J.3
  • 34
    • 0024218749 scopus 로고
    • Meridional heat transport by the atmosphere and the ocean: Analysis of FGCE data
    • Masuda K (1988) Meridional heat transport by the atmosphere and the ocean: analysis of FGCE data. Tellus 40A:285-302
    • (1988) Tellus , vol.40 A , pp. 285-302
    • Masuda, K.1
  • 35
    • 0002810895 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal cycle forcing of El Nino-Southern Oscillation in a global, coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM
    • Meehl GA (1990) Seasonal cycle forcing of El Nino-Southern Oscillation in a global, coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. J Clim 3:72-98
    • (1990) J Clim , vol.3 , pp. 72-98
    • Meehl, G.A.1
  • 38
    • 0344279557 scopus 로고
    • The meridional heat flux in the atmosphere as derived from the ECMWF analyses for the years 1981-1986 and the oceanic heat transport inferred using the residual method
    • Michaud R, Derome J (1991) The meridional heat flux in the atmosphere as derived from the ECMWF analyses for the years 1981-1986 and the oceanic heat transport inferred using the residual method. Dyn Atmos Oceans 16:1-3
    • (1991) Dyn Atmos Oceans , vol.16 , pp. 1-3
    • Michaud, R.1    Derome, J.2
  • 39
    • 0028981332 scopus 로고
    • Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols
    • Mitchell JFB, Johns TC, Gregory JM, Tett SFB (1995) Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols. Nature 376:501-504
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 501-504
    • Mitchell, J.F.B.1    Johns, T.C.2    Gregory, J.M.3    Tett, S.F.B.4
  • 40
    • 0031464644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the modification of global warming by sulphate aerosols
    • Mitchell JFB, Johns TC (1997) On the modification of global warming by sulphate aerosols. J Clim 10:245-267
    • (1997) J Clim , vol.10 , pp. 245-267
    • Mitchell, J.F.B.1    Johns, T.C.2
  • 41
    • 0001047416 scopus 로고
    • Model experiments on the impact of Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies on blocking frequency
    • Mullen SL (1989) Model experiments on the impact of Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies on blocking frequency. J Clim 2:997-1013
    • (1989) J Clim , vol.2 , pp. 997-1013
    • Mullen, S.L.1
  • 42
    • 0028895320 scopus 로고
    • Transient response of the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part I: Control climate and flux correction
    • Murphy JM (1995) Transient response of the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part I: control climate and flux correction. J Clim 8: 36-56
    • (1995) J Clim , vol.8 , pp. 36-56
    • Murphy, J.M.1
  • 43
    • 0028852971 scopus 로고
    • Transient response of the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part II: Spatial and temperature structure of response
    • Murphy JM, Mitchell JFB (1995) Transient response of the Hadley Centre coupled ocean-atmosphere model to increasing carbon dioxide. Part II: spatial and temperature structure of response. J Clim 8:57-80
    • (1995) J Clim , vol.8 , pp. 57-80
    • Murphy, J.M.1    Mitchell, J.F.B.2
  • 44
    • 0022831161 scopus 로고
    • A study of wintertime circulation anomalies during past El Nino events using a high resolution general circulation model. Part II: Variability of the seasonal mean response
    • Palmer TN, Mansfield DA (1986) A study of wintertime circulation anomalies during past El Nino events using a high resolution general circulation model. Part II: variability of the seasonal mean response. Q J R Meteorol Soc 112:639-660
    • (1986) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.112 , pp. 639-660
    • Palmer, T.N.1    Mansfield, D.A.2
  • 47
    • 0029435416 scopus 로고
    • The dependence of climate sensitivity on the horizontal resolution of a GCM
    • Senior CA (1995) The dependence of climate sensitivity on the horizontal resolution of a GCM. J Clim 8:2860-2880
    • (1995) J Clim , vol.8 , pp. 2860-2880
    • Senior, C.A.1
  • 48
    • 0000298811 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and geographical variation of blocking
    • Shukla J, Mo KC (1983) Seasonal and geographical variation of blocking. Mon Weather Rev 111:388-402
    • (1983) Mon Weather Rev , vol.111 , pp. 388-402
    • Shukla, J.1    Mo, K.C.2
  • 49
    • 77957066315 scopus 로고
    • A case study of eddy forcing during an Atlantic blocking episode
    • Shutts GJ (1986) A case study of eddy forcing during an Atlantic blocking episode. Adv Geophys 29:135-162
    • (1986) Adv Geophys , vol.29 , pp. 135-162
    • Shutts, G.J.1
  • 51
    • 0027840528 scopus 로고
    • GCM response of northern winter stationary waves and storm tracks to increasing amounts of carbon dioxide
    • Stephenson DB, Held IM (1993) GCM response of northern winter stationary waves and storm tracks to increasing amounts of carbon dioxide. J Clim 6:1859-1870
    • (1993) J Clim , vol.6 , pp. 1859-1870
    • Stephenson, D.B.1    Held, I.M.2
  • 52
    • 0029476676 scopus 로고
    • 2 increase
    • 2 increase. J Clim 8:1473-1502
    • (1995) J Clim , vol.8 , pp. 1473-1502
    • Tett, S.F.B.1
  • 53
    • 0030728850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional variability in a coupled AOGCM
    • Tett SFB, Johns TC, Mitchell JFB (1997) Global and regional variability in a coupled AOGCM. Clim Dyn 13:303-323
    • (1997) Clim Dyn , vol.13 , pp. 303-323
    • Tett, S.F.B.1    Johns, T.C.2    Mitchell, J.F.B.3
  • 54
    • 0025262807 scopus 로고
    • On the operational predictability of blocking
    • Tibaldi S, Molteni F (1990) On the operational predictability of blocking. Tellus 42A:343-365
    • (1990) Tellus , vol.42 A , pp. 343-365
    • Tibaldi, S.1    Molteni, F.2
  • 55
    • 0024229848 scopus 로고
    • On the source of mid-latitude low-frequency variability. Part I: A statistical approach to persistence. Part II:nonlinear equilibration of weather regimes
    • Vautard R, Legras B, Deque M (1988) On the source of mid-latitude low-frequency variability. Part I: a statistical approach to persistence. Part II:nonlinear equilibration of weather regimes. J Atmos Sci 45:2811-2867
    • (1988) J Atmos Sci , vol.45 , pp. 2811-2867
    • Vautard, R.1    Legras, B.2    Deque, M.3
  • 56
    • 0024191590 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between cyclone tracks, anticyclone tracks and baroclinic waveguides
    • Wallace JM, Lim G-H, Blackmon ML (1988) Relationship between cyclone tracks, anticyclone tracks and baroclinic waveguides. J Atmos Sci 45:439-462
    • (1988) J Atmos Sci , vol.45 , pp. 439-462
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Lim, G.-H.2    Blackmon, M.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.