Alcohol and fear-potentiated startle: The role of competing cognitive demands in the stress-reducing effects of intoxication

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 107, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 547-557

  Curtin, John J ^a   Lang, Alan R ^a   Patrick, Christopher J ^a   Stritzke, Werner G K ^a,b  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL;

ADULT; ALCOHOL INTOXICATION; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRIC SHOCK; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; STARTLE REFLEX; STRESS;

EID: 0031733632     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.107.4.547     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.
2. Brick, J., Pohorecky, L. A., Faulkner, W., & Adams, M. N. (1984). Circadian variations in behavioral and biological sensitivity to ethanol. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 8, 204-211.
3. Cook, F. W., III, Atkinson, L., & Lang, P. L. (1987). Stimulus control and data acquisition for IBM PC's and compatibles. Psychoplnsiology, 24, 726-727.
4. Curtin, J. J. (1995a). Dose calculation for target BALs: A Windows-based application utilizing age, sex, height, weight, and drinking time. Unpublished computer program.
5. Curtin, J. J. (1995b). Winstar: An interactive Windows application for scoring peak analog response. Unpublished computer program.
6. Davis, M. (1979). Diazepam and flurazepam: Effects on conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm. Psychopharmacology, 62, 1-7.
7. Davis, M. (1986). Pharmacological and anatomical analysis of fear conditioning using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Behavioral Neuroscience, 100, 814-824.
8. Davis, M., Redmond, D. F., & Baraban, J. M. (1979). Noradrenergic agonists and antagonists: Effects on conditioned fear as measured by the potentiated startle paradigm. Psychopharmacology, 65, 111-118.
9. Deturk, K. H., & Pohorecky, L. A. (1987). Ethanol sensitivity in rats: Effect of prenatal stress. Physiology & Behavior, 40, 407-410.
10. Fridlund, A. J., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Guidelines for human electro-myographic research. Psychophysiology, 23, 567-589.
11. Gray, J. A. (1987). The psychology of fear and stress (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
12. Greeley, J., & Oei, T. (in press). Alcohol and tension reduction: 1987-1997. In K. E. Leonard & H. T. Blane (Eds.), Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
13. Grillon, C., Ameli, R., Woods, S., Merikangas, K., & Davis, M. (1991). Fear-potentiated startle in humans: Effects of anticipatory anxiety on the acoustic blink reflex. Psychophysiology, 28, 588-595.
14. Hamm, A. O., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (1990). Classical fear conditioning and the startle probe reflex. Psychophysiology. 27(Suppl. 1). S37.
15. Holloway, F. A. (1994). Low-dose alcohol effects on human performance: A review of post-1984 research (Office of Aviation Medicine Report No. DOT/FAA/AM-94/24). Washington, DC: Federal Asiation Administration.
16. Josephs, R. A., & Steele, C. M. (1990). The two faces of alcohol myopia: Attentional mediation of psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 115-126.
17. Konorski, J. (1967). Integrative activity of the bruin: An interdisciplinary approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
18. Lang, P. J. (1980). Behavioral treatment and bio-behavioral assessment: Computer applications. In J. B. Sidowski, J. H. Johnson, & T. A. Williams (Eds.), Technology in the health care delivery system (pp. 119-137). Norwood, NJ: Ahlex.
19. Lang, P. J. (1994). The motivational organization of emotion: Affect-reflex connections. In S. Van Goozen, N. E. Van de Poll, & J. A. Sergeant (Eds.), The emotions: Essays on emotion theory (pp. 61-93). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Lang, P. J. (1995). The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention. American Psychologist, 50, 372-385.
21. Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review, 97, 377-395.
22. Lang, P. J., Ohman, A., & Vaitl, D. (1988). The international affective picture system [Photographic slides]. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, Center for Research in Psychophysiology.
23. LeDoux, J. (1995). Emotion: Clues from the brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 209-235.
24. Lykken, D. T., & Venables, P. H. (1971). Direct measurement of skin conductance: A proposal for standardization. Psychophysiology, 8, 656-672.
25. McRandle, C., & Goldstein, R. (1973). Effect of alcohol on the early and late components of the averaged electroencephalic response to clicks. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 16, 353-359.
26. Moskowitz, H., & Sharma, S. (1974). Effects of alcohol on peripheral vision as a function of attention. Human Factors, 16, 174-180.
27. Patrick, C. J., Berthot, B., & Moore, J. D. (1996). Diazepam blocks fear-potentiated startle in humans. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 89-96.
28. Pohorecky, L. A., Brick, J., & Carpenter, J. A. (1986). Assessment of the development of tolerance to ethanol using multiple measures. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 10, 616-622.
29. Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A. (1978). Approach-avoidance and affiliation as functions of the emotion-eliciting quality of the environment. Environment and Behavior, 10, 355-387.
30. Sayette, M. A. (1993). An appraisal-disruption model of alcohol's effects on stress responses in social drinkers. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 459-476.
31. Sher, K. J. (1987). Stress response dampening. In H. T. Blane & K. E. Leonard (Eds.), Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism (pp. 227-271). New York: Guilford Press.
32. Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A. (1988). Drinking your troubles away II: An attention-allocation model of alcohol's effects on psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 196-205.
33. Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A. (1990). Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects. American Psychologist, 45, 921-933.
34. Stritzke, W. G. K., Lang, A. R., & Patrick, C. J. (1996). Beyond stress and arousal: A reconeepiualization of alcohol-emotion relations with reference to psychophysiological methods. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 376-395.
35. Stritzke, W. G. K., Patrick, C. J., & Lang, A. R. (1995). Alcohol and emotion: A multidimensional approach incorporating startle probe methodology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 114-122.
36. Vrana, S. R., Spence, E. L., & Lang, P. L. (1988). The startle probe response: A new measure of emotion? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 487-491.
37. Watson, P. E. (1989). Total body water and blood alcohol levels: Updating the fundamentals. In K. Crow & R. Batt (Eds.), Human metabolism of alcohol: Pharmacokinetics, medicolegal aspects, and general interest (Vol. 1, pp. 41-58). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.