Testicular germ cell tumors: Molecular understanding and clinical implications

Molecular Medicine Today

Volumn 4, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 404-411

  Lutzker, Stuart G ^a   Barnard, Nicola J ^b  

^a RUTGERS CANCER INSTITUTE OF NEW JERSEY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CISPLATIN; CYCLINE; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN P53; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN;

CANCER GENETICS; CANCER INCIDENCE; CARCINOGENESIS; CYTOGENETICS; EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA; GERM CELL TUMOR; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SEMINOMA; TERATOCARCINOMA; TERATOMA; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; APOPTOSIS; GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR; GERMINOMA; HUMANS; MALE; SEMINOMA; TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0031717092     PISSN: 13574310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1357-4310(98)01329-X     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Skakkebaek N. Possible carcinoma in situ of the testis. Lancet. 2:1972;516-517.
2. Rajpert-De Meyts E., Kvist M., Skakkebaek N. Heterogeneity of expression of immunohistochemical tumour markers in testicular carcinoma in situ: pathogenetic relevance. Virchows Arch. 428:1996;133-139.
3. Skakkebaek N., Berthelsen J., Giwercman A., Muller J. Carcinoma-in-situ of the testis: possible origin from gonocytes and precursor of all types of germ cell tumours except spermatocytoma. Int. J. Androl. 10:1987;19-28.
4. Adami H.et al. Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries. Int. J. Cancer. 59:1994;33-38.
5. Daniels J., Stutzman R., McLeod D. A comparison of testicular tumors in black and white patients. J. Urol. 125:1981;341-342.
6. Wobbes J., Schraffordt Koops H., Oldhoff J. The relation between testicular tumors, undescended testes and inguinal hernias. J. Surg. Oncol. 14:1980;45-51.
7. Rajpert-De Meyts E.et al. Developmental arrest of germ cells in the pathogenesis of germ cell neoplasia. APMIS. 106:1998;198-204.
8. Tollerud D.et al. Familial testicular cancer and urogenital developmental abnormalities. Cancer. 55:1985;1849-1854.
9. Heimdal K.et al. A segregation analysis of testicular cancer based on Norwegian and Swedish families. Br. J. Cancer. 75:1997;1084-1087.
10. International Testicular Cancer Linkage Consortium Candidate regions for testicular cancer susceptibility genes. APMIS. 106:1998;64-72.
11. Chaganti R., Rodriguez E., Bosl G. Cytogenetics of male germ-cell tumors. Urol. Clin. North Am. 20:1993;55-66.
12. van Echten J.et al. Cytogenetic evidence that carcinoma in situ is the precursor lesion for invasive testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 85:1995;133-137.
13. de Jong B.et al. Pathogenesis of adult testicular germ cell tumors. A cytogenetic model. Cytogenet. Cell. Genet. 48:1990;143-167.
14. Chaganti R., Houldsworth J. The cytogenetic theory of the pathogenesis of human adult germ cell tumors. APMIS. 106:1998;80-84.
15. Atkin N., Baker M. Specific chromosome change, i(12p), in testicular tumors? Lancet. 11:1982;1349.
16. Rodriquez E.et al. Cytogenetic analysis of 124 prospectively ascertained male germ cell tumors. Cancer Res. 52:1992;2285-2291.
17. Vos A.et al. Cytogenetics of carcinoma in situ of the testis. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 46:1990;75-81.
18. Bosl G.et al. Clinical relevance of the i(12p) marker chromosome in germ cell tumors. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 5:1994;349-355.
19. Atkin N., Baker M. Abnormal chromosomes including small metacentrics in 14 ovarian cancers. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 26:1987;355-361.
20. Korn W.et al. Detection of chromosomal DNA gains and losses in testicular germ cell tumors by comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 17:1996;78-87.
21. Rodriquez E.et al. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of i(12p)-negative human male germ cell tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 8:1993;230-236.
22. Smolarek T.et al. Identification of multiple chromosome 12 abnormalities in human testicular germ cell tumors by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 14:1995;252-258.
23. Mostert M.et al. Identification of the critical region of 12p over-representation in testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults. Oncogene. 16:1998;2617-2627.
24. Murty V.et al. Allelic loss and somatic differentiation in human male germ cell tumors. Oncogene. 9:1994;2245-2251.
25. Peng H-A.et al. Loss of heterozygosity of tumor suppressor genes in testis cancer. Cancer Res. 55:1995;2871-2875.
26. Strohmeyer T.et al. Correlation between retinoblastoma gene expression and differentiation in human testicular tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88:1991;6662-6666.
27. Houldsworth J., Reuter V., Bosl G., Chaganti R. Aberrant expression of cyclin D2 is an early event in human male germ cell tumorigenesis. Cell Growth Differ. 8:1997;293-299.
28. Sicinski P.et al. Cyclin D2 is an FSH-responsive gene involved in gonadal cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Nature. 384:1996;470-474.
29. Chang F., Syrjanen S., Syrjaene K. Implications of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in clinical oncology. J. Clin. Oncol. 13:1995;1009-1022.
30. Heimdal K.et al. No germline TP53 mutations detected in familial and bilateral testicular cancers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 6:1993;92-97.
31. Peng H.Q.et al. Mutations of the p53 gene do not occur in testis cancer. Cancer Res. 53:1993;3574-3578.
32. Riou G.et al. The p53 and mdm-2 genes in human testicular germ-cell tumors. Mol. Carcinog. 12:1995;124-131.
33. Schenkman N.et al. Increased p53 protein does not correlate to p53 gene mutations in microdissected human testicular germ cell tumors. J. Urol. 154:1995;617-621.
34. Guillou L.et al. Germ cell tumors of the testis overexpress wild-type p53. Am. J. Pathol. 149:1996;1221-1228.
35. Wei Y.D.et al. P53 gene mutations in chinese testicular seminoma. J. Urol. 150:1993;884-886.
36. Bartkova J.et al. P53 protein alterations in human testicular cancer including pre-invasive intratubular germ-cell neoplasia. Int. J. Cancer. 49:1991;196-202.
37. Lutzker S., Levine A.J. A functionally inactive p53 protein in teratocarcinoma cells is activated by either DNA damage or cellular differentiation. Nat. Med. 2:1996;804-810.
38. Chresta C.M., Masters J.R.W., Hickman J.A. Hypersensitivity of human testicular tumors to etoposide-induced apoptosis is associated with functional p53 and a high bax:bcl-2 ratio. Cancer Res. 56:1996;1834-1841.
39. Stevens L., Little C. Spontaneous testicular teratomas in an inbred strain of mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 40:1954;1080-1087.
40. Walt H., Oosterhuis J., Stevens C. Experimental testicular germ cell tumorigenesis in mouse strains with and without spontaneous tumours differs from development of germ cell tumours of the adult human testis. Int. J. Androl. 16:1993;267-271.
41. Langley R., Palayoor S., Coleman C., Bump E. Radiation-induced apoptosis in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 65:1994;605-610.
42. Heidenreich A.et al. Immunohistochemical and mutational analysis of the p53 tumour suppressor gene and the bcl-2 oncogene in primary testicular germ cell tumours. APMIS. 106:1998;90-100.
43. Lowe S.W.et al. p53 status and the efficacy of cancer therapy in vivo. Science. 266:1994;807-810.
44. Stevens L. The development of transplantable teratocarcinoma from intratesticular grafts of pre- and post-implantation mouse embryos. Dev. Biol. 21:1970;364-382.
45. Schmid P., Lorenz A., Hameister H., Montenarh M. Expression of p53 during mouse embryogenesis. Development. 113:1991;857-865.
46. Nicol C.et al. A teratologic suppressor role of p53 in benzo-a-pyrene-treated transgenic p53-deficient mice. Nat. Genet. 10:1995;181-187.
47. Norimura T.et al. p53-dependent apoptosis suppresses radiation-induced teratogenesis. Nat. Med. 2:1996;577-580.
48. Perez G.et al. Apoptosis-associated signaling pathways are required for chemotherapy-mediated female germ cell destruction. Nat. Med. 3:1997;1228-1232.
49. Baniel J.et al. Late relapse of testicular cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 13:1995;1170-1176.
50. Houldsworth J.et al. Human male germ cell tumor resistance to cisplatin is linked to TP53 gene mutation. Oncogene. 16:1998;2345-2349.